Low-density lipoprotein (English Wikipedia)

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Warnick GR, Knopp RH, Fitzpatrick V, Branson L (January 1990). "Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints". Clinical Chemistry. 36 (1): 15–9. doi:10.1093/clinchem/36.1.15. PMID 2297909. Archived from the original on 2019-09-12. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS (June 1972). "Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge". Clinical Chemistry. 18 (6): 499–502. doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499. PMID 4337382. Archived from the original on 2019-09-12. Retrieved 2008-05-05.

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doi.org

Dashti M, Kulik W, Hoek F, Veerman EC, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2011). "A phospholipidomic analysis of all defined human plasma lipoproteins". Sci. Rep. 1 (139): 139. Bibcode:2011NatSR...1E.139D. doi:10.1038/srep00139. PMC 3216620. PMID 22355656.
Dashty M, Motazacker MM, Levels J, de Vries M, Mahmoudi M, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2014). "Proteome of human plasma very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism". Thromb. Haemost. 111 (3): 518–530. doi:10.1160/TH13-02-0178. PMID 24500811. S2CID 20566238.
Segrest JP, Jones MK, De Loof H, Dashti N (September 2001). "Structure of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoproteins". Journal of Lipid Research. 42 (9): 1346–67. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)30267-4. PMID 11518754.
Carson, Jo Ann S.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Anderson, Cheryl A.M.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; Meyer, Katie A.; Petersen, Kristina; Polonsky, Tamar; Van Horn, Linda (2020-01-21). "Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular risk: A science advisory from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 141 (3): e39 – e53. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000743. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 31838890.
Campos, Hannia (1992). "LDL Particle Size Distribution". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 12 (12): 1410–1419. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.12.12.1410. PMID 1450174.
Kumar V, Butcher SJ, Katrina O, Engelhardt P, Heikkonen J, Kaski K, Ala-Korpela M, Kovanen PT (May 2011). "Three-Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16Å Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e18841. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618841K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018841. PMC 3090388. PMID 21573056.
Sun, Hung-Yu; Lin, Chun-Chieh; Lee, Jin-Ching; Wang, Shainn-Wei; Cheng, Pin-Nan; Wu, I.-Chin; Chang, Ting-Tsung; Lai, Ming-Derg; Shieh, Dar-Bin; Young, Kung-Chia (July 3, 2013). "Very low-density lipoprotein/lipo-viro particles reverse lipoprotein lipase-mediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus infection via apolipoprotein C-III". Gut. 62 (8): 1193–1203. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301798. ISSN 1468-3288. PMID 22689516. S2CID 326884.
Zhang, Da-Wei; Garuti, Rita; Tang, Wan-Jin; Cohen, Jonathan C.; Hobbs, Helen H. (2008-09-02). "Structural requirements for PCSK9-mediated degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (35): 13045–13050. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10513045Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806312105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2526098. PMID 18753623.
Santulli G, Jankauskas SS, Gambardella J (May 2021). "Inclisiran: a new milestone on the PCSK9 road to tackle cardiovascular risk". Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 7 (3): e11 – e12. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab014. PMID 33655296.
Peterson MM, Mack JL, Hall PR, et al. (December 2008). "Apolipoprotein B Is an innate barrier against invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection". Cell Host & Microbe. 4 (6): 555–66. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.10.001. PMC 2639768. PMID 19064256.
Ivanova EA, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN (2017). "Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein as Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Diseases". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017 (10): 1273042. doi:10.1155/2017/1273042. PMC 5441126. PMID 28572872.
Bhalodkar, Narendra C.; Blum, Steve; Rana, Thakor; Kitchappa, Radha; Bhalodkar, Ami N.; Enas, Enas A. (1 May 2005). "Comparison of high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subclasses and sizes in Asian Indian women with Caucasian women from the framingham offspring study". Clin Cardiol. 28 (5): 247–251. doi:10.1002/clc.4960280510. PMC 6654695. PMID 15971461.
Superko HR, Nejedly M, Garrett B (2002). "Small LDL and its clinical importance as a new CAD risk factor: a female case study". Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing. 17 (4): 167–73. doi:10.1111/j.0889-7204.2002.01453.x. PMID 12417832.
Warnick GR, Knopp RH, Fitzpatrick V, Branson L (January 1990). "Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints". Clinical Chemistry. 36 (1): 15–9. doi:10.1093/clinchem/36.1.15. PMID 2297909. Archived from the original on 2019-09-12. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
Otvos J (June 1999). "Measurement of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy". Clin Cardiol. 22 (6 Suppl): II21–7. doi:10.1002/clc.4960221405. PMC 6655988. PMID 10376193.
Staprans, I.; Rapp, J. H.; Pan, X. M.; Feingold, K. R. (1996). "Oxidized lipids in the diet are incorporated by the liver into very low density lipoprotein in rats". Journal of Lipid Research. 37 (2): 420–30. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37628-8. PMID 9026539.
Ahotupa, Markku (2017). "Oxidized lipoprotein lipids and atherosclerosis". Free Radical Research. 51 (4): 439–447. doi:10.1080/10715762.2017.1319944. PMID 28412863. S2CID 3397099.
Stocker, Roland; Keaney, John F. (2004). "Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis". Physiological Reviews. 84 (4): 1381–1478. doi:10.1152/physrev.00047.2003. PMID 15383655.
Birukov, K. G. (2006). "Oxidized lipids: The two faces of vascular inflammation". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 8 (3): 223–31. doi:10.1007/s11883-006-0077-x. PMID 16640959. S2CID 7852910.
Shao, Baohai; Heinecke, Jay W. (2009). "HDL, lipid peroxidation, and atherosclerosis". Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (4): 599–601. doi:10.1194/jlr.E900001-JLR200. PMC 2656652. PMID 19141435.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS (June 1972). "Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge". Clinical Chemistry. 18 (6): 499–502. doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499. PMID 4337382. Archived from the original on 2019-09-12. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
Sniderman AD, Blank D, Zakarian R, Bergeron J, Frohlich J (October 2003). "Triglycerides and small dense LDL: the twin Achilles heels of the Friedewald formula". Clinical Biochemistry. 36 (7): 499–504. doi:10.1016/S0009-9120(03)00117-6. PMID 14563441.
Anandaraja, S.; Narang, R.; Godeswar, R.; Laksmy, R.; Talwar, K.K. (June 2005). "Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation by a new formula in Indian population". International Journal of Cardiology. 102 (1): 117–120. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.009. PMID 15939107.
de Cordova, Caio Mauricio Mendes; de Cordova, Mauricio Mendes (January 2013). "A new accurate, simple formula for LDL-cholesterol estimation based on directly measured blood lipids from a large cohort". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 50 (1): 13–19. doi:10.1258/acb.2012.011259. ISSN 0004-5632. PMID 23108766. S2CID 207193749.
Chen, Yunqin; Zhang, Xiaojin; Pan, Baishen; Jin, Xuejuan; Yao, Haili; Chen, Bin; Zou, Yunzeng; Ge, Junbo; Chen, Haozhu (2010). "A modified formula for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values". Lipids in Health and Disease. 9 (1): 52. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-9-52. ISSN 1476-511X. PMC 2890624. PMID 20487572. S2CID 414939.
Martin, Seth S.; Blaha, Michael J.; Elshazly, Mohamed B.; Toth, Peter P.; Kwiterovich, Peter O.; Blumenthal, Roger S.; Jones, Steven R. (2013-11-20). "Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile". JAMA. 310 (19): 2061–2068. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280532. ISSN 1538-3598. PMC 4226221. PMID 24240933.
Sampson, Maureen; Ling, Clarence; Sun, Qian; Harb, Roa; Ashmaig, Mohmed; Warnick, Russell; Sethi, Amar; Fleming, James K.; Otvos, James D.; Meeusen, Jeff W.; Delaney, Sarah R.; Jaffe, Allan S.; Shamburek, Robert; Amar, Marcelo; Remaley, Alan T. (2020-05-01). "A New Equation for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients With Normolipidemia and/or Hypertriglyceridemia". JAMA Cardiology. 5 (5): 540–548. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0013. ISSN 2380-6591. PMC 7240357. PMID 32101259.
Ramasamy, Jagadish; Job, Victoria; Mani, Thenmozhi; Jacob, Molly (2021-05-06). "Calculated values of serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) - for better or worse?". Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD. 31 (5): 1486–1493. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.016. ISSN 1590-3729. PMID 33744036. S2CID 232309411.
Sniderman AD, Thanassoulis G, Glavinovic T, Navar AM, Pencina M, Catapano A, Ference BA (December 2019). "Apolipoprotein B Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review". JAMA Cardiology. 4 (12): 1287–1295. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.3780. PMC 7369156. PMID 31642874.
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William E. Boden; et al. (April 2007). "Optimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (15): 1503–1516. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa070829. PMID 17387127.
Hayward, Rodney A. (3 October 2006). "Narrative Review: Lack of Evidence for Recommended Low-Density Lipoprotein Treatment Targets: A Solvable Problem". Ann Intern Med. 145 (7): 520–30. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-145-7-200610030-00010. PMID 17015870. S2CID 29849069.
Cybulska, Barbara; Kłosiewicz-Latoszek, Longina; Penson, Peter E.; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad; Lavie, Carl J.; Banach, Maciej; International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) (2021). "How much should LDL cholesterol be lowered in secondary prevention? Clinical efficacy and safety in the era of PCSK9 inhibitors". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 67: 65–74. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.12.008. ISSN 1873-1740. PMID 33383060. S2CID 229942314.
Wolska, Anna; Remaley, Alan T. (2020). "Measuring LDL-cholesterol: what is the best way to do it?". Current Opinion in Cardiology. 35 (4): 405–411. doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000740. ISSN 1531-7080. PMC 7360339. PMID 32412961.
Howard, B. V.; Robbins, D. C.; Sievers, M. L.; Lee, E. T.; Rhoades, D.; Devereux, R. B.; Cowan, L. D.; Gray, R. S.; Welty, T. K.; Go, O. T.; Howard, W. J. (2000-03-01). "LDL cholesterol as a strong predictor of coronary heart disease in diabetic individuals with insulin resistance and low LDL: The Strong Heart Study". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 20 (3): 830–835. doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.3.830. ISSN 1079-5642. PMID 10712410.
Wang, Y Richard; G Caleb Alexander; David O Meltzer (December 2005). "Lack of Effect of Guideline Changes on LDL Cholesterol Reporting and Control for Diabetes Visits in the U.S., 1995–2004". Diabetes Care. 28 (12): 2942–2944. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.12.2942. PMID 16306559.
Peter P. Toth; Michael Grabner; Rajeshwari S. Punekar; Ralph A. Quimbo; Mark J. Cziraky; Terry A. Jacobson (August 2014). "Cardiovascular risk in patients achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle targets". Atherosclerosis. 235 (2): 585–591. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.914. PMID 24956532.
Krauss RM (August 2010). "Lipoprotein subfractions and cardiovascular disease risk". Current Opinion in Lipidology. 21 (4): 305–11. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32833b7756. PMID 20531184. S2CID 1775446.
Brunzell, John D.; Davidson, Michael; Furberg, Curt D.; Goldberg, Ronald B.; Howard, Barbara V.; Stein, James H.; Witztum, Joseph L. (15 April 2008). "Lipoprotein Management in Patients With Cardiometabolic Risk". J Am Coll Cardiol. 51 (15): 1512–1524. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.034. PMID 18402913.
Sniderman, A. D.; Thanassoulis, G.; Glavinovic, T.; Navar, A. M.; Pencina, M.; Catapano, A.; Ference, B. A. (1 Dec 2019). "Apolipoprotein B Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review". JAMA Cardiology. 4 (12): 1287–1295. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.3780. PMC 7369156. PMID 31642874.
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Musunuru, Kiran; et al. (May 2021). "In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates". Nature. 593 (7859): 429–434. Bibcode:2021Natur.593..429M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03534-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34012082. S2CID 234790939. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

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Anandaraja, S.; Narang, R.; Godeswar, R.; Laksmy, R.; Talwar, K.K. (June 2005). "Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation by a new formula in Indian population". International Journal of Cardiology. 102 (1): 117–120. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.009. PMID 15939107.

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Dashti M, Kulik W, Hoek F, Veerman EC, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2011). "A phospholipidomic analysis of all defined human plasma lipoproteins". Sci. Rep. 1 (139): 139. Bibcode:2011NatSR...1E.139D. doi:10.1038/srep00139. PMC 3216620. PMID 22355656.
Kumar V, Butcher SJ, Katrina O, Engelhardt P, Heikkonen J, Kaski K, Ala-Korpela M, Kovanen PT (May 2011). "Three-Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16Å Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e18841. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618841K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018841. PMC 3090388. PMID 21573056.
Zhang, Da-Wei; Garuti, Rita; Tang, Wan-Jin; Cohen, Jonathan C.; Hobbs, Helen H. (2008-09-02). "Structural requirements for PCSK9-mediated degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (35): 13045–13050. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10513045Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806312105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2526098. PMID 18753623.
Musunuru, Kiran; et al. (May 2021). "In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates". Nature. 593 (7859): 429–434. Bibcode:2021Natur.593..429M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03534-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34012082. S2CID 234790939. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

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Musunuru, Kiran; et al. (May 2021). "In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates". Nature. 593 (7859): 429–434. Bibcode:2021Natur.593..429M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03534-y. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34012082. S2CID 234790939. Retrieved 13 June 2021.

nih.gov

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Dashti M, Kulik W, Hoek F, Veerman EC, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2011). "A phospholipidomic analysis of all defined human plasma lipoproteins". Sci. Rep. 1 (139): 139. Bibcode:2011NatSR...1E.139D. doi:10.1038/srep00139. PMC 3216620. PMID 22355656.
Dashty M, Motazacker MM, Levels J, de Vries M, Mahmoudi M, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F (2014). "Proteome of human plasma very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism". Thromb. Haemost. 111 (3): 518–530. doi:10.1160/TH13-02-0178. PMID 24500811. S2CID 20566238.
Segrest JP, Jones MK, De Loof H, Dashti N (September 2001). "Structure of apolipoprotein B-100 in low density lipoproteins". Journal of Lipid Research. 42 (9): 1346–67. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)30267-4. PMID 11518754.
Carson, Jo Ann S.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Anderson, Cheryl A.M.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; Meyer, Katie A.; Petersen, Kristina; Polonsky, Tamar; Van Horn, Linda (2020-01-21). "Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular risk: A science advisory from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 141 (3): e39 – e53. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000743. ISSN 0009-7322. PMID 31838890.
Campos, Hannia (1992). "LDL Particle Size Distribution". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 12 (12): 1410–1419. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.12.12.1410. PMID 1450174.
Kumar V, Butcher SJ, Katrina O, Engelhardt P, Heikkonen J, Kaski K, Ala-Korpela M, Kovanen PT (May 2011). "Three-Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16Å Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e18841. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618841K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018841. PMC 3090388. PMID 21573056.
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Sun, Hung-Yu; Lin, Chun-Chieh; Lee, Jin-Ching; Wang, Shainn-Wei; Cheng, Pin-Nan; Wu, I.-Chin; Chang, Ting-Tsung; Lai, Ming-Derg; Shieh, Dar-Bin; Young, Kung-Chia (July 3, 2013). "Very low-density lipoprotein/lipo-viro particles reverse lipoprotein lipase-mediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus infection via apolipoprotein C-III". Gut. 62 (8): 1193–1203. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301798. ISSN 1468-3288. PMID 22689516. S2CID 326884.
Zhang, Da-Wei; Garuti, Rita; Tang, Wan-Jin; Cohen, Jonathan C.; Hobbs, Helen H. (2008-09-02). "Structural requirements for PCSK9-mediated degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (35): 13045–13050. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10513045Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806312105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2526098. PMID 18753623.
Santulli G, Jankauskas SS, Gambardella J (May 2021). "Inclisiran: a new milestone on the PCSK9 road to tackle cardiovascular risk". Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 7 (3): e11 – e12. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab014. PMID 33655296.
Peterson MM, Mack JL, Hall PR, et al. (December 2008). "Apolipoprotein B Is an innate barrier against invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection". Cell Host & Microbe. 4 (6): 555–66. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2008.10.001. PMC 2639768. PMID 19064256.
Ivanova EA, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN (2017). "Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein as Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Diseases". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017 (10): 1273042. doi:10.1155/2017/1273042. PMC 5441126. PMID 28572872.
Bhalodkar, Narendra C.; Blum, Steve; Rana, Thakor; Kitchappa, Radha; Bhalodkar, Ami N.; Enas, Enas A. (1 May 2005). "Comparison of high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subclasses and sizes in Asian Indian women with Caucasian women from the framingham offspring study". Clin Cardiol. 28 (5): 247–251. doi:10.1002/clc.4960280510. PMC 6654695. PMID 15971461.
Superko HR, Nejedly M, Garrett B (2002). "Small LDL and its clinical importance as a new CAD risk factor: a female case study". Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing. 17 (4): 167–73. doi:10.1111/j.0889-7204.2002.01453.x. PMID 12417832.
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