Talmage J, Belcourt R, Galper J, et al. (2011). "Low back disorders". In Hegmann KT (ed.). Occupational medicine practice guidelines : evaluation and management of common health problems and functional recovery in workers (3rd ed.). Elk Grove Village, IL: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. pp. 336, 373, 376–77. ISBN978-0-615-45227-2.
Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD (May 2009). "Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Spine. 34 (10): 1094–1109. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc. PMID19363455. S2CID1504909.
Marlowe D (September 2012). "Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for low back pain". Primary Care. 39 (3): 533–546. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.008. PMID22958563.
Dagenais S, Gay RE, Tricco AC, Freeman MD, Mayer JM (October 2010). "NASS Contemporary Concepts in Spine Care: spinal manipulation therapy for acute low back pain". The Spine Journal. 10 (10): 918–940. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.389. PMID20869008.
Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (February 2011). Rubinstein SM (ed.). "Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD008112. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008112.pub2. hdl:1887/117578. PMID21328304.
Kelly GA, Blake C, Power CK, O'keeffe D, Fullen BM (February 2011). "The association between chronic low back pain and sleep: a systematic review". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 27 (2): 169–181. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181f3bdd5. PMID20842008. S2CID19569862.
Swain CT, Pan F, Owen PJ, Schmidt H, Belavy DL (March 2020). "No consensus on causality of spine postures or physical exposure and low back pain: A systematic review of systematic reviews". Journal of Biomechanics. 102: 109312. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.08.006. PMID31451200. S2CID201756091.
Lane DR, Takhar SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 29 (3): 539–552. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001. PMID21782073.
Freeman MD, Woodham MA, Woodham AW (February 2010). "The role of the lumbar multifidus in chronic low back pain: a review". PM & R. 2 (2): 142–6, quiz 1 p following 167. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.006. PMID20193941. S2CID22246810.
Williams CM, Henschke N, Maher CG, van Tulder MW, Koes BW, Macaskill P, Irwig L (28 November 2023). "Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD008643. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008643.pub3. ISSN1469-493X. PMC 10683370. PMID38014846.
Chou R, Qaseem A, Owens DK, Shekelle P, et al. (Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians) (February 2011). "Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 154 (3): 181–189. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008. PMID21282698. S2CID1326352.
Flynn TW, Smith B, Chou R (November 2011). "Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging in low back pain: a reminder that unnecessary imaging may do as much harm as good". The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 41 (11): 838–846. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3618. PMID21642763. S2CID207399397.
Sahar T, Cohen MJ, Uval-Ne'eman V, Kandel L, Odebiyi DO, Lev I, et al. (April 2009). "Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group". Spine. 34 (9): 924–933. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819f29be. PMID19359999. S2CID22162952.
Sprouse R (September 2012). "Treatment: current treatment recommendations for acute and chronic undifferentiated low back pain". Primary Care. 39 (3): 481–486. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.004. PMID22958557.
Gomes-Neto M, Lopes JM, Conceição CS, Araujo A, Brasileiro A, Sousa C, et al. (January 2017). "Stabilization exercise compared to general exercises or manual therapy for the management of low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Physical Therapy in Sport. 23: 136–142. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.004. PMID27707631.
Smith C, Grimmer-Somers K (June 2010). "The treatment effect of exercise programmes for chronic low back pain". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 16 (3): 484–491. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01174.x. PMID20438611.
van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Verhagen AP, Ostelo RW, Koes BW, van Tulder MW (April 2010). "Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 24 (2): 193–204. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.01.002. PMID20227641.
Wewege MA, Booth J, Parmenter BJ (25 October 2018). "Aerobic vs. resistance exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 31 (5): 889–899. doi:10.3233/BMR-170920. PMID29889056. S2CID47013227.
Posadzki P, Ernst E (September 2011). "Yoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Clinical Rheumatology. 30 (9): 1257–1262. doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1764-8. PMID21590293. S2CID17095187.
Chaparro LE, Furlan AD, Deshpande A, Mailis-Gagnon A, Atlas S, Turk DC (April 2014). "Opioids compared with placebo or other treatments for chronic low back pain: an update of the Cochrane Review". Spine. 39 (7): 556–563. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000249. PMID24480962. S2CID25356400.
de Leon-Casasola OA (March 2013). "Opioids for chronic pain: new evidence, new strategies, safe prescribing". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (3 Suppl 1): S3-11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.11.011. PMID23414718.
Chou R, Loeser JD, Owens DK, Rosenquist RW, Atlas SJ, Baisden J, et al. (American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Pane) (May 2009). "Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society". Spine. 34 (10): 1066–1077. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. PMID19363457. S2CID10658374.
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, McLachlan AJ, et al. (December 2012). "Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 157 (12): 865–877. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00564. PMID23362516. S2CID21203011.
Jacobs W, Van der Gaag NA, Tuschel A, de Kleuver M, Peul W, Verbout AJ, Oner FC (September 2012). "Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD008326. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008326.pub2. hdl:1871/48560. PMID22972118.
Gagnier JJ, Oltean H, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Robbins CB (January 2016). "Herbal Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Cochrane Review". Spine. 41 (2): 116–133. doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001310. PMID26630428. S2CID42119774.
Cherkin DC, Herman PM (April 2018). "Cognitive and Mind-Body Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain and Neck Pain: Effectiveness and Value". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (4): 556–557. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0113. PMID29507946. S2CID3680364.
Luz Júnior MA, Almeida MO, Santos RS, Civile VT, Costa LO (January 2019). "Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis". Spine. 44 (1): 68–78. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000002756. PMID29952880. S2CID49486200.
Verbeek JH, Martimo KP, Karppinen J, Kuijer PP, Viikari-Juntura E, Takala EP (June 2011). "Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD005958. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005958.pub3. PMID21678349.
Chou R, Shekelle P (April 2010). "Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain?". JAMA. 303 (13): 1295–1302. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.344. PMID20371789.
Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E (January 2010). "The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis". The American Journal of Medicine. 123 (1): 87.e7–87.35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.028. PMID20102998.
Maharty DC (September 2012). "The history of lower back pain: a look "back" through the centuries". Primary Care. 39 (3): 463–470. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.002. PMID22958555.
Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (February 2011). Rubinstein SM (ed.). "Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD008112. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008112.pub2. hdl:1887/117578. PMID21328304.
Jacobs W, Van der Gaag NA, Tuschel A, de Kleuver M, Peul W, Verbout AJ, Oner FC (September 2012). "Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD008326. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008326.pub2. hdl:1871/48560. PMID22972118.
Patel NB (2010). "Chapter 3: Physiology of Pain". In Kopf A, Patel NB (eds.). Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Casazza BA (February 2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain". American Family Physician. 85 (4): 343–350. PMID22335313.
Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD (May 2009). "Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Spine. 34 (10): 1094–1109. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc. PMID19363455. S2CID1504909.
Marlowe D (September 2012). "Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for low back pain". Primary Care. 39 (3): 533–546. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.008. PMID22958563.
Dagenais S, Gay RE, Tricco AC, Freeman MD, Mayer JM (October 2010). "NASS Contemporary Concepts in Spine Care: spinal manipulation therapy for acute low back pain". The Spine Journal. 10 (10): 918–940. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.389. PMID20869008.
Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (February 2011). Rubinstein SM (ed.). "Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD008112. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008112.pub2. hdl:1887/117578. PMID21328304.
Kelly GA, Blake C, Power CK, O'keeffe D, Fullen BM (February 2011). "The association between chronic low back pain and sleep: a systematic review". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 27 (2): 169–181. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181f3bdd5. PMID20842008. S2CID19569862.
Swain CT, Pan F, Owen PJ, Schmidt H, Belavy DL (March 2020). "No consensus on causality of spine postures or physical exposure and low back pain: A systematic review of systematic reviews". Journal of Biomechanics. 102: 109312. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.08.006. PMID31451200. S2CID201756091.
Majchrzycki M, Mrozikiewicz PM, Kocur P, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Hoffmann M, Stryła W, et al. (November 2010). "[Low back pain in pregnant women]". Ginekologia Polska (in Polish). 81 (11): 851–855. PMID21365902.
Lane DR, Takhar SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 29 (3): 539–552. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2011.04.001. PMID21782073.
Freeman MD, Woodham MA, Woodham AW (February 2010). "The role of the lumbar multifidus in chronic low back pain: a review". PM & R. 2 (2): 142–6, quiz 1 p following 167. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.006. PMID20193941. S2CID22246810.
Williams CM, Henschke N, Maher CG, van Tulder MW, Koes BW, Macaskill P, Irwig L (28 November 2023). "Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD008643. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008643.pub3. ISSN1469-493X. PMC 10683370. PMID38014846.
Crownover BK, Bepko JL (April 2013). "Appropriate and safe use of diagnostic imaging". American Family Physician. 87 (7): 494–501. PMID23547591.
Chou R, Qaseem A, Owens DK, Shekelle P, et al. (Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians) (February 2011). "Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 154 (3): 181–189. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008. PMID21282698. S2CID1326352.
Flynn TW, Smith B, Chou R (November 2011). "Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging in low back pain: a reminder that unnecessary imaging may do as much harm as good". The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 41 (11): 838–846. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3618. PMID21642763. S2CID207399397.
Sahar T, Cohen MJ, Uval-Ne'eman V, Kandel L, Odebiyi DO, Lev I, et al. (April 2009). "Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group". Spine. 34 (9): 924–933. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819f29be. PMID19359999. S2CID22162952.
Sprouse R (September 2012). "Treatment: current treatment recommendations for acute and chronic undifferentiated low back pain". Primary Care. 39 (3): 481–486. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.004. PMID22958557.
Gomes-Neto M, Lopes JM, Conceição CS, Araujo A, Brasileiro A, Sousa C, et al. (January 2017). "Stabilization exercise compared to general exercises or manual therapy for the management of low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Physical Therapy in Sport. 23: 136–142. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.08.004. PMID27707631.
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, Skelly A, Hashimoto R, Weimer M, et al. (2016). Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID26985522.
Smith C, Grimmer-Somers K (June 2010). "The treatment effect of exercise programmes for chronic low back pain". Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 16 (3): 484–491. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01174.x. PMID20438611.
van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Verhagen AP, Ostelo RW, Koes BW, van Tulder MW (April 2010). "Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 24 (2): 193–204. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2010.01.002. PMID20227641.
Wewege MA, Booth J, Parmenter BJ (25 October 2018). "Aerobic vs. resistance exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 31 (5): 889–899. doi:10.3233/BMR-170920. PMID29889056. S2CID47013227.
Posadzki P, Ernst E (September 2011). "Yoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Clinical Rheumatology. 30 (9): 1257–1262. doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1764-8. PMID21590293. S2CID17095187.
Chaparro LE, Furlan AD, Deshpande A, Mailis-Gagnon A, Atlas S, Turk DC (April 2014). "Opioids compared with placebo or other treatments for chronic low back pain: an update of the Cochrane Review". Spine. 39 (7): 556–563. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000249. PMID24480962. S2CID25356400.
de Leon-Casasola OA (March 2013). "Opioids for chronic pain: new evidence, new strategies, safe prescribing". The American Journal of Medicine. 126 (3 Suppl 1): S3-11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.11.011. PMID23414718.
Chou R, Loeser JD, Owens DK, Rosenquist RW, Atlas SJ, Baisden J, et al. (American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Pane) (May 2009). "Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society". Spine. 34 (10): 1066–1077. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. PMID19363457. S2CID10658374.
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, McLachlan AJ, et al. (December 2012). "Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 157 (12): 865–877. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00564. PMID23362516. S2CID21203011.
Jacobs W, Van der Gaag NA, Tuschel A, de Kleuver M, Peul W, Verbout AJ, Oner FC (September 2012). "Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD008326. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008326.pub2. hdl:1871/48560. PMID22972118.
Gagnier JJ, Oltean H, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Robbins CB (January 2016). "Herbal Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Cochrane Review". Spine. 41 (2): 116–133. doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001310. PMID26630428. S2CID42119774.
Cherkin DC, Herman PM (April 2018). "Cognitive and Mind-Body Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain and Neck Pain: Effectiveness and Value". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (4): 556–557. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0113. PMID29507946. S2CID3680364.
Luz Júnior MA, Almeida MO, Santos RS, Civile VT, Costa LO (January 2019). "Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis". Spine. 44 (1): 68–78. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000002756. PMID29952880. S2CID49486200.
Verbeek JH, Martimo KP, Karppinen J, Kuijer PP, Viikari-Juntura E, Takala EP (June 2011). "Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD005958. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005958.pub3. PMID21678349.
Chou R, Shekelle P (April 2010). "Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain?". JAMA. 303 (13): 1295–1302. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.344. PMID20371789.
Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E (January 2010). "The association between smoking and low back pain: a meta-analysis". The American Journal of Medicine. 123 (1): 87.e7–87.35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.05.028. PMID20102998.
Maharty DC (September 2012). "The history of lower back pain: a look "back" through the centuries". Primary Care. 39 (3): 463–470. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2012.06.002. PMID22958555.
Chou R, Deyo R, Friedly J, Skelly A, Hashimoto R, Weimer M, et al. (2016). Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain. AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). PMID26985522.
"Low Back Pain Fact Sheet". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 3 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
"Low Back Pain Fact Sheet". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institute of Health. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
niams.nih.gov
"Fast Facts About Back Pain". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. National Institute of Health. September 2009. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
nlm.nih.gov
"Low back pain – acute". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services – National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
Chou R, Baisden J, Carragee EJ, Resnick DK, Shaffer WO, Loeser JD (May 2009). "Surgery for low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Spine. 34 (10): 1094–1109. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a105fc. PMID19363455. S2CID1504909.
Kelly GA, Blake C, Power CK, O'keeffe D, Fullen BM (February 2011). "The association between chronic low back pain and sleep: a systematic review". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 27 (2): 169–181. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181f3bdd5. PMID20842008. S2CID19569862.
Swain CT, Pan F, Owen PJ, Schmidt H, Belavy DL (March 2020). "No consensus on causality of spine postures or physical exposure and low back pain: A systematic review of systematic reviews". Journal of Biomechanics. 102: 109312. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.08.006. PMID31451200. S2CID201756091.
Freeman MD, Woodham MA, Woodham AW (February 2010). "The role of the lumbar multifidus in chronic low back pain: a review". PM & R. 2 (2): 142–6, quiz 1 p following 167. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.006. PMID20193941. S2CID22246810.
Chou R, Qaseem A, Owens DK, Shekelle P, et al. (Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians) (February 2011). "Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: advice for high-value health care from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 154 (3): 181–189. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-3-201102010-00008. PMID21282698. S2CID1326352.
Flynn TW, Smith B, Chou R (November 2011). "Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging in low back pain: a reminder that unnecessary imaging may do as much harm as good". The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 41 (11): 838–846. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3618. PMID21642763. S2CID207399397.
Sahar T, Cohen MJ, Uval-Ne'eman V, Kandel L, Odebiyi DO, Lev I, et al. (April 2009). "Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group". Spine. 34 (9): 924–933. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819f29be. PMID19359999. S2CID22162952.
Wewege MA, Booth J, Parmenter BJ (25 October 2018). "Aerobic vs. resistance exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 31 (5): 889–899. doi:10.3233/BMR-170920. PMID29889056. S2CID47013227.
Posadzki P, Ernst E (September 2011). "Yoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials". Clinical Rheumatology. 30 (9): 1257–1262. doi:10.1007/s10067-011-1764-8. PMID21590293. S2CID17095187.
Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, Day RO, Pinheiro MB, Ferreira ML (July 2017). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for spinal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 76 (7): 1269–1278. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210597. PMID28153830. S2CID22850331.
Chaparro LE, Furlan AD, Deshpande A, Mailis-Gagnon A, Atlas S, Turk DC (April 2014). "Opioids compared with placebo or other treatments for chronic low back pain: an update of the Cochrane Review". Spine. 39 (7): 556–563. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000249. PMID24480962. S2CID25356400.
Chou R, Loeser JD, Owens DK, Rosenquist RW, Atlas SJ, Baisden J, et al. (American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Pane) (May 2009). "Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society". Spine. 34 (10): 1066–1077. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. PMID19363457. S2CID10658374.
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, McLachlan AJ, et al. (December 2012). "Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 157 (12): 865–877. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00564. PMID23362516. S2CID21203011.
Gagnier JJ, Oltean H, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Robbins CB (January 2016). "Herbal Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Cochrane Review". Spine. 41 (2): 116–133. doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001310. PMID26630428. S2CID42119774.
Cherkin DC, Herman PM (April 2018). "Cognitive and Mind-Body Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain and Neck Pain: Effectiveness and Value". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (4): 556–557. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0113. PMID29507946. S2CID3680364.
Anheyer D, Haller H, Barth J, Lauche R, Dobos G, Cramer H (June 2017). "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Treating Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 166 (11): 799–807. doi:10.7326/M16-1997. PMID28437793. S2CID1157568.
Luz Júnior MA, Almeida MO, Santos RS, Civile VT, Costa LO (January 2019). "Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis". Spine. 44 (1): 68–78. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000002756. PMID29952880. S2CID49486200.
"Low Back Pain Fact Sheet". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 3 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
"Low Back Pain Fact Sheet". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institute of Health. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
"Fast Facts About Back Pain". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. National Institute of Health. September 2009. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
"Low back pain – acute". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services – National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
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