Halo researcher Marko Riikonen's Web site displays a photo of an upper Lowitz arc (accompanied by a 22° halo, an upper tangent arc, and a suncave Parry arc), and a computer simulation of the display, and the refractions through a columnar hexagonal ice crystal which are believed to create the arc.
G. Galle (1840) "Ueber Höfe und Nebensonnen" (On halos and sun dogs), Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 49 : 1-31, 241-291, and Table 1; for Galle's theory of Lowitz arcs, see pages 274-275.
G. Galle (1840) "Ueber Höfe und Nebensonnen" (On halos and sun dogs), Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 49 : 1-31, 241-291, and Table 1; for Galle's theory of Lowitz arcs, see pages 274-275.
See, for example: Hastings, C.S. (1920) "A general theory of halos,"Monthly Weather Review, 48(6): 322–330; from page 328: "The arcs of Lowitz are of special theoretical interest on account of their extreme rarity with questionable authenticity … " As late as 1994, Walter Tape stated: "And in spite of subsequent reports of Lowitz arcs [e.g., Ling, 1922], there seem to be no photographs of them." (Walter Tape, ed., Atmospheric Halos, Antarctic Research Series, vol. 64 (Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994), page 98.)
