Ludwig van Beethoven (English Wikipedia)

Eisinger 2008. Eisinger, Josef (2008). "The lead in Beethoven's hair". Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 90 (1): 1–5. Bibcode:2008TxEC...90....1E. doi:10.1080/02772240701630588. S2CID 95824344.
Spudis, P. D.; Prosser, J. G. (1984). "Geologic map of the Michelangelo quadrangle of Mercury". U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series. Map I-1659, scale 1:5,000,000. United States Geological Survey: 1659. Bibcode:1984USGS...IM.1659S. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

jstor.org

Ealy 1994, p. 262. Ealy, George Thomas (Spring 1994). "Of Ear Trumpets and a Resonance Plate: Early Hearing Aids and Beethoven's Hearing Perception". 19th-Century Music. 17 (3): 262–273. doi:10.1525/ncm.1994.17.3.02a00050. JSTOR 746569.
Tyson 1969, pp. 138–141. Tyson, Alan (February 1969). "Beethoven's Heroic Phase". The Musical Times. 110 (1512): 139–141. doi:10.2307/952790. JSTOR 952790.
Cassedy 2010, pp. 1–6. Cassedy, Steven (January 2010). "Beethoven the Romantic: How E. T. A. Hoffmann Got It Right". Journal of the History of Ideas. 71 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1353/jhi.0.0071. ISSN 0022-5037. JSTOR 20621921. S2CID 170552244.
Ealy 1994, pp. 266–267. Ealy, George Thomas (Spring 1994). "Of Ear Trumpets and a Resonance Plate: Early Hearing Aids and Beethoven's Hearing Perception". 19th-Century Music. 17 (3): 262–273. doi:10.1525/ncm.1994.17.3.02a00050. JSTOR 746569.
Hammelmann 1965, p. 187. Hammelmann, Han (March 1965). "Beethoven's Conversation Books". The Musical Times. 106 (1465): 187–189. doi:10.2307/948240. JSTOR 948240.
Newman 1970, p. 486. Newman, William S. (1970). "Beethoven's Pianos versus His Piano Ideals". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 23 (3): 484–504. doi:10.2307/830617. JSTOR 830617.
Skowroneck 2002, p. 523. Skowroneck, Tilman (2002). "Beethoven's Erard Piano: Its Influence on His Compositions and on Viennese Fortepiano Building". Early Music. 30 (4). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 522–538. doi:10.1093/em/XXX.4.523. JSTOR 3519211.
Skowroneck 2002, pp. 530–531. Skowroneck, Tilman (2002). "Beethoven's Erard Piano: Its Influence on His Compositions and on Viennese Fortepiano Building". Early Music. 30 (4). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 522–538. doi:10.1093/em/XXX.4.523. JSTOR 3519211.
Skowroneck 2002, p. 522. Skowroneck, Tilman (2002). "Beethoven's Erard Piano: Its Influence on His Compositions and on Viennese Fortepiano Building". Early Music. 30 (4). Oxford: Oxford University Press: 522–538. doi:10.1093/em/XXX.4.523. JSTOR 3519211.
Newman 1970, pp. 489–490. Newman, William S. (1970). "Beethoven's Pianos versus His Piano Ideals". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 23 (3): 484–504. doi:10.2307/830617. JSTOR 830617.
Winston 1993. Winston, David (1993). "The Restoration of Beethoven's 1817 Broadwood Grand Piano". The Galpin Society Journal. 46: 147–151. doi:10.2307/842353. JSTOR 842353.
Newman 1970, p. 491. Newman, William S. (1970). "Beethoven's Pianos versus His Piano Ideals". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 23 (3): 484–504. doi:10.2307/830617. JSTOR 830617.

minorplanetcenter.net

"1815 Beethoven (1932 CE1)". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

nasa.gov

voyager.jpl.nasa.gov

"Golden Record Music List". NASA. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2012.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stevens 2013, pp. 2854–2858. Stevens, Michael; et al. (November 2013). "Lead and the Deafness of Ludwig van Beethoven". The Laryngoscope. 123 (11): 2854–2858. doi:10.1002/lary.24120. PMID 23686526. S2CID 34595828.
Mai 2006. Mai, F. M. M. (2006). "Beethoven's terminal illness and death". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 36 (3): 258–263. PMID 17214130.

nytimes.com

Kolata, Gina (6 May 2024). "Locks of Beethoven's Hair Offer New Clues to the Mystery of His Deafness". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
Morrisroe, Patricia (6 November 2020). "The Woman Who Built Beethoven's Pianos". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.

questia.com

Meredith 2005, pp. 2–3. Meredith, William Rhea (2005). "The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments". Beethoven Journal. 20 (1–2): 3–46. OCLC 64392567.
Lorenz 2007. Lorenz, Michael (Winter 2007). "Commentary on Wawruch's Report: Biographies of Andreas Wawruch and Johann Seibert, Schindler's Responses to Wawruch's Report, and Beethoven's Medical Condition and Alcohol Consumption". Beethoven Journal. 22 (2): 92–100.

rilm.org

Albrecht 2009, p. 181. Albrecht, Theodore (2009). "Anton Schindler as destroyer and forger of Beethoven's conversation books: A case for decriminalization" (PDF). In Blažeković, Zdravko (ed.). Music's Intellectual History. New York: RILM. pp. 169–181. ISBN 978-1-932765-05-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Stevens 2013, pp. 2854–2858. Stevens, Michael; et al. (November 2013). "Lead and the Deafness of Ludwig van Beethoven". The Laryngoscope. 123 (11): 2854–2858. doi:10.1002/lary.24120. PMID 23686526. S2CID 34595828.
Cassedy 2010, pp. 1–6. Cassedy, Steven (January 2010). "Beethoven the Romantic: How E. T. A. Hoffmann Got It Right". Journal of the History of Ideas. 71 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1353/jhi.0.0071. ISSN 0022-5037. JSTOR 20621921. S2CID 170552244.
Eisinger 2008. Eisinger, Josef (2008). "The lead in Beethoven's hair". Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 90 (1): 1–5. Bibcode:2008TxEC...90....1E. doi:10.1080/02772240701630588. S2CID 95824344.

sjsu.edu

digitalcollections.sjsu.edu

sjsu.edu

"Beethoven Centre". San Jose State University. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

theguardian.com

"'Deaf' genius Beethoven was able to hear his final symphony after all". The Guardian. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
Thorpe, Vanessa (25 February 2017). "Did Beethoven's Love for a Married Aristocrat and a Doomed Son Colour His Darkest Work?". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2021.

usra.edu

lpi.usra.edu

Spudis, P. D.; Prosser, J. G. (1984). "Geologic map of the Michelangelo quadrangle of Mercury". U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series. Map I-1659, scale 1:5,000,000. United States Geological Survey: 1659. Bibcode:1984USGS...IM.1659S. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.

web.archive.org

Albrecht 2009, p. 181. Albrecht, Theodore (2009). "Anton Schindler as destroyer and forger of Beethoven's conversation books: A case for decriminalization" (PDF). In Blažeković, Zdravko (ed.). Music's Intellectual History. New York: RILM. pp. 169–181. ISBN 978-1-932765-05-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
Morrisroe, Patricia (6 November 2020). "The Woman Who Built Beethoven's Pianos". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
"Beethoven's Last Grand Piano". Beethoven House, Bonn. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
"Beethoven Centre". San Jose State University. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
Spudis, P. D.; Prosser, J. G. (1984). "Geologic map of the Michelangelo quadrangle of Mercury". U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series. Map I-1659, scale 1:5,000,000. United States Geological Survey: 1659. Bibcode:1984USGS...IM.1659S. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"1815 Beethoven (1932 CE1)". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
"Golden Record Music List". NASA. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2012.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

/ˈlʊdvɪɡ væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən/ ^ⓘ LUUD-vig van BAY-toh-vən; German: [ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːtˌhoːfn̩] ^ⓘ

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Kolata, Gina (6 May 2024). "Locks of Beethoven's Hair Offer New Clues to the Mystery of His Deafness". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
Cassedy 2010, pp. 1–6. Cassedy, Steven (January 2010). "Beethoven the Romantic: How E. T. A. Hoffmann Got It Right". Journal of the History of Ideas. 71 (1): 1–34. doi:10.1353/jhi.0.0071. ISSN 0022-5037. JSTOR 20621921. S2CID 170552244.
Einstein 1958, p. 248. Einstein, Alfred (1958). Essays on Music. London: Faber and Faber. OCLC 713913183.
Meredith 2005, pp. 2–3. Meredith, William Rhea (2005). "The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments". Beethoven Journal. 20 (1–2): 3–46. OCLC 64392567.