Lupus (English Wikipedia)

Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS (2006). "Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden". Lupus. 15 (5): 308–318. doi:10.1191/0961203306lu2305xx. PMID 16761508.
Sura A, Failing C, Co DO, et al. (June 2024). "Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Pediatrics in Review. 45 (6): 316–328. doi:10.1542/pir.2023-006011. PMID 38821900.
Lisnevskaia L, Murphy G, Isenberg D (November 2014). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". The Lancet. 384 (9957): 1878–1888. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60128-8. PMID 24881804.
Davis LS, Reimold AM (April 2017). "Research and therapeutics-traditional and emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology. 56 (suppl_1): i100–i113. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kew417. PMC 5850311. PMID 28375452.
Murphy G, Isenberg D (December 2013). "Effect of gender on clinical presentation in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology. 52 (12): 2108–2115. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket160. PMID 23641038.
Tiffin N, Adeyemo A, Okpechi I (January 2013). "A diverse array of genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 8: 2. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-2. PMC 3551738. PMID 23289717.
Rahman A, Isenberg DA (February 2008). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (9): 929–939. doi:10.1056/NEJMra071297. PMID 18305268.
Yacoub Wasef SZ (August 2004). "Gender differences in systemic lupus erythematosus". Gender Medicine. 1 (1): 12–17. doi:10.1016/S1550-8579(04)80006-8. PMID 16115579.
Tebbe B, Orfanos CE (1997). "Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of skin disease in lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 6 (2): 96–104. doi:10.1177/096120339700600204. PMID 9061657.
Hodkinson B, Musenge E, Tikly M (May 2009). "Osteoarticular tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". QJM. 102 (5): 321–328. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp015. PMID 19246552.
Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist J, et al. (March 2009). "Familial associations of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune diseases and related conditions". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 60 (3): 661–668. doi:10.1002/art.24328. PMID 19248111.
Mendoza-Pinto C, García-Carrasco M, Sandoval-Cruz H, et al. (May 2009). "Risk factors of vertebral fractures in women with systemic lupus erythematosus". Clinical Rheumatology. 28 (5): 579–585. doi:10.1007/s10067-009-1105-3. PMID 19224131.
Giannouli S, Voulgarelis M, Ziakas PD, et al. (February 2006). "Anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: from pathophysiology to clinical assessment". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 65 (2): 144–148. doi:10.1136/ard.2005.041673. PMC 1798007. PMID 16079164.
Syuto T, Shimizu A, Takeuchi Y, et al. (July 2009). "Association of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus". Clinical Rheumatology. 28 (7): 841–845. doi:10.1007/s10067-009-1123-1. PMID 19224124.
Hahn BH (December 2003). "Systemic lupus erythematosus and accelerated atherosclerosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 349 (25): 2379–2380. doi:10.1056/NEJMp038168. PMID 14681501.
Frieri M, Stampfl H (January 2016). "Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: Review of the literature". Autoimmunity Reviews. 15 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.007. PMID 26299985.
Henderson LA, Loring SH, Gill RR, et al. (March 2013). "Shrinking lung syndrome as a manifestation of pleuritis: a new model based on pulmonary physiological studies". The Journal of Rheumatology. 40 (3): 273–281. doi:10.3899/jrheum.121048. PMC 4112073. PMID 23378468.
Calderaro DC, Ferreira GA (May 2012). "Presentation and prognosis of shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of four cases". Rheumatology International. 32 (5): 1391–1396. doi:10.1007/s00296-011-1863-5. PMID 21431288.
Kamen DL, Strange C (September 2010). "Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 31 (3): 479–488. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.05.001. PMID 20692540.
Medlin JL, Hansen KE, McCoy SS, et al. (October 2018). "Pulmonary manifestations in late versus early systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 48 (2): 198–204. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.010. PMC 6067995. PMID 29550111.
Singh JA, Hossain A, Kotb A, et al. (October 2016). "Treatments for Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Network Metaanalysis". The Journal of Rheumatology. 43 (10): 1801–1815. doi:10.3899/jrheum.160041. PMID 27585688.
Somers EC, Marder W, Cagnoli P, et al. (February 2014). "Population-based incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance program". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 66 (2): 369–378. doi:10.1002/art.38238. hdl:2027.42/102724. PMC 4198147. PMID 24504809.
Ward MM (November 2000). "Changes in the incidence of end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis, 1982-1995". Archives of Internal Medicine. 160 (20): 3136–3140. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.20.3136. PMID 11074743.
"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 42 (4): 599–608. April 1999. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10211873.
Kasama T, Maeoka A, Oguro N (2016). "Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Connective Tissue Diseases". Clinical Medicine Insights. Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders. 9 CMAMD.S37477. doi:10.4137/CMAMD.S37477. PMC 4718090. PMID 26819561.
Omdal R (2002). "Some controversies of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus". Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 31 (4): 192–197. doi:10.1080/030097402320318369. PMID 12369649.
Xue Z, Wang X, Liu F, et al. (February 2009). "Intracranial hypertension syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical analysis and review of the literature". Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Medical Sciences. 29 (1): 107–111. doi:10.1007/s11596-009-0123-3. PMID 19224175.
Carrión-Barberà I, Salman-Monte TC, Vílchez-Oya F, et al. (April 2021). "Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review". Autoimmunity Reviews. 20 (4) 102780. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102780. PMID 33609799.
West SG (September 1996). "Lupus and the central nervous system". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 8 (5): 408–414. doi:10.1097/00002281-199609000-00004. PMID 8941443.
Zakeri Z, Shakiba M, Narouie B, et al. (May 2012). "Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Iranian experience". Rheumatology International. 32 (5): 1179–1187. doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1791-9. PMID 21253731.
Dammacco R (May 2018). "Systemic lupus erythematosus and ocular involvement: an overview". Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 18 (2): 135–149. doi:10.1007/s10238-017-0479-9. PMID 29243035.
Clowse ME (May 2007). "Lupus activity in pregnancy". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 33 (2): 237–52, v. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2007.01.002. PMC 2745966. PMID 17499705.
Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD, et al. (November 2010). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 5 (11): 2060–2068. doi:10.2215/CJN.00240110. PMC 3001786. PMID 20688887.
Cortés-Hernández J, Ordi-Ros J, Paredes F, et al. (June 2002). "Clinical predictors of fetal and maternal outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of 103 pregnancies". Rheumatology. 41 (6): 643–650. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/41.6.643. PMID 12048290.
D'Cruz DP (April 2006). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". BMJ. 332 (7546): 890–894. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7546.890. PMC 1440614. PMID 16613963.
Schneider L, Dos Santos AS, Santos M, et al. (August 2014). "Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: state of the art". Clinical Rheumatology. 33 (8): 1033–1038. doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2530-5. PMID 24573738.
Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, et al. (April 2023). "Vitamin D and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases". Biomolecules. 13 (4): 709. doi:10.3390/biom13040709. PMC 10135889. PMID 37189455.
Irfan SA, Ali AA, Shabbir N, et al. (June 2022). "Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity and Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Cureus. 14 (6) e25896. doi:10.7759/cureus.25896. PMC 9278795. PMID 35844337.
Ho LJ, Wu CH, Luo SF, et al. (September 2024). "Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: Causality and association with disease activity and therapeutics". Biochemical Pharmacology. 227 116417. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116417. PMID 38996931.
Tusseau M, Khaldi-Plassart S, Cognard J, et al. (April 2024). "Mendelian Causes of Autoimmunity: the Lupus Phenotype". Journal of Clinical Immunology. 44 (4) 99. doi:10.1007/s10875-024-01696-8. PMID 38619739.
An J, Marwaha A, Laxer RM (September 2024). "Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Review". The Journal of Rheumatology. 51 (9): 848–861. doi:10.3899/jrheum.2023-1209. PMID 38879186.
Sestan M, Kifer N, Arsov T, et al. (July 2023). "The Role of Genetic Risk Factors in Pathogenesis of Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 45 (7): 5981–6002. doi:10.3390/cimb45070378. PMC 10378459. PMID 37504294.
Wu CY, Fan WL, Yang HY, et al. (April 2023). "Contribution of genetic variants associated with primary immunodeficiencies to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 151 (4): 1123–1131. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.807. PMID 36586539.
Bousfiha A, Moundir A, Tangye SG, et al. (October 2022). "The 2022 Update of IUIS Phenotypical Classification for Human Inborn Errors of Immunity". Journal of Clinical Immunology. 42 (7): 1508–1520. doi:10.1007/s10875-022-01352-z. PMID 36198931.
Yu JE (February 2024). "New primary immunodeficiencies 2023 update". Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 36 (1): 112–123. doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000001315. PMID 38001560.
Wolf C, Lim EL, Mokhtari M, et al. (February 2024). "UNC93B1 variants underlie TLR7-dependent autoimmunity". Science Immunology. 9 (92) eadi9769. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9769. PMID 38207055.
David C, Arango-Franco CA, Badonyi M, et al. (August 2024). "Gain-of-function human UNC93B1 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and chilblain lupus". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 221 (8) e20232066. doi:10.1084/jem.20232066. PMC 11176256. PMID 38869500.
Pereira KM, Perazzio S, Faria AG, et al. (August 2019). "Impact of C4, C4A and C4B gene copy number variation in the susceptibility, phenotype and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus". Advances in Rheumatology (London, England). 59 (1) 36. doi:10.1186/s42358-019-0076-6. PMID 31387635.
Marin WM, Augusto DG, Wade KJ, et al. (January 2024). "High-throughput complement component 4 genomic sequence analysis with C4Investigator". HLA: Immune Response Genetics. 103 (1) e15273. Wiley. doi:10.1111/tan.15273. PMC 11099535. PMID 37899688.
Yang W, Ng P, Zhao M, et al. (April 2009). "Population differences in SLE susceptibility genes: STAT4 and BLK, but not PXK, are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Hong Kong Chinese". Genes and Immunity. 10 (3): 219–26. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.1. PMID 19225526.
Kousi M, Katsanis N (June 2015). "Genetic modifiers and oligogenic inheritance". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 5 (6) a017145. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017145. PMC 4448705. PMID 26033081.
Crouch DJ, Bodmer WF (August 2020). "Polygenic inheritance, GWAS, polygenic risk scores, and the search for functional variants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (32): 18924–18933. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11718924C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005634117. PMC 7431089. PMID 32753378.
Prokunina L, Alarcon-Riquelme M (April 2004). "The genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus--knowledge of today and thoughts for tomorrow". Human Molecular Genetics. 13 Spec No 1 (90001): R143–R148. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh076. PMID 14764622.
Mireles-Canales MP, González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, et al. (2018). "DNA Damage and Deficiencies in the Mechanisms of Its Repair: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". J Immunol Res. 2018 8214379. doi:10.1155/2018/8214379. PMC 6079408. PMID 30116756.
Meas R, Burak MJ, Sweasy JB (August 2017). "DNA repair and systemic lupus erythematosus". DNA Repair (Amst). 56: 174–182. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.06.020. PMC 5543809. PMID 28623091.
Arnaud L, Mertz P, Gavand PE, et al. (April 2019). "Drug-induced systemic lupus: revisiting the ever-changing spectrum of the disease using the WHO pharmacovigilance database". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 78 (4): 504–508. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214598. PMID 30793701.
Younis S, Moutusy SI, Rasouli S, et al. (12 November 2025). "Epstein-Barr virus reprograms autoreactive B cells as antigen-presenting cells in systemic lupus erythematosus". Science Translational Medicine. 17 (824) eady0210. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.ady0210. PMC 12740198. PMID 41223250.
Millard LG, Rowell NR (September 1979). "Abnormal laboratory test results and their relationship to prognosis in discoid lupus erythematosus. A long-term follow-up study of 92 patients". Archives of Dermatology. 115 (9): 1055–1058. doi:10.1001/archderm.1979.04010090005011. PMID 314780.
Crow MK (February 2008). "Collaboration, genetic associations, and lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (9): 956–961. doi:10.1056/NEJMe0800096. PMID 18204099.
Hom G, Graham RR, Modrek B, et al. (February 2008). "Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with C8orf13-BLK and ITGAM-ITGAX". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (9): 900–909. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0707865. PMID 18204098.
D'Cruz DP, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR (February 2007). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". Lancet. 369 (9561): 587–596. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60279-7. PMID 17307106.
Kanta H, Mohan C (July 2009). "Three checkpoints in lupus development: central tolerance in adaptive immunity, peripheral amplification by innate immunity and end-organ inflammation". Genes and Immunity. 10 (5): 390–396. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.6. PMID 19262576.
Gaipl US, Kuhn A, Sheriff A, et al. (2006). "Clearance of apoptotic cells in human SLE". In Elkon KB (ed.). Apoptosis and Its Relevance to Autoimmunity. Current Directions in Autoimmunity. Vol. 9. Karger. pp. 173–187. doi:10.1159/000090781. ISBN 978-3-8055-8036-6. PMID 16394661.
Gergely P, Grossman C, Niland B, et al. (January 2002). "Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 46 (1): 175–190. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<175::AID-ART10015>3.0.CO;2-H. PMC 4020417. PMID 11817589.
Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Grossmayer G, et al. (March 2007). "Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)". Journal of Autoimmunity. 28 (2–3): 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2007.02.005. PMID 17368845.
Monteith AJ, Kang S, Scott E, et al. (April 2016). "Defects in lysosomal maturation facilitate the activation of innate sensors in systemic lupus erythematosus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (15): E2142–E2151. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113E2142M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1513943113. PMC 4839468. PMID 27035940.
Kang S, Rogers JL, Monteith AJ, et al. (May 2016). "Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and Promotes Disease in Murine and Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Journal of Immunology. 196 (10): 4030–4039. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1500418. PMC 4868781. PMID 27059595.
Hakkim A, Fürnrohr BG, Amann K, et al. (May 2010). "Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (21): 9813–9818. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9813H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909927107. PMC 2906830. PMID 20439745.
Yasutomo K, Horiuchi T, Kagami S, et al. (August 2001). "Mutation of DNASE1 in people with systemic lupus erythematosus". Nature Genetics. 28 (4): 313–314. doi:10.1038/91070. PMID 11479590.
Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Grossmayer G, et al. (2007). "Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)". Journal of Autoimmunity. 28 (2–3): 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2007.02.005. PMID 17368845.
Baumann I, Kolowos W, Voll RE, et al. (18 January 2002). "Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 46 (1): 191–201. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<191::AID-ART10027>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 11817590.
Suárez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Tsokos GC (1 December 2016). "T cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Current Opinion in Immunology. Autoimmunity. 43: 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.001. PMC 5125867. PMID 27636649.
Poole BD, Schneider RI, Guthridge JM, et al. (March 2009). "Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 60 (3): 848–859. doi:10.1002/art.24306. PMC 2653589. PMID 19248110.
Pan HF, Wu GC, Li WP, et al. (March 2010). "High Mobility Group Box 1: a potential therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus". Molecular Biology Reports. 37 (3): 1191–1195. doi:10.1007/s11033-009-9485-7. PMID 19247800.
Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al. (September 2019). "2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 71 (9): 1400–1412. doi:10.1002/art.40930. PMC 6827566. PMID 31385462.
Reich A, Marcinow K, Bialynicki-Birula R (January 2011). "The lupus band test in systemic lupus erythematosus patients". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 7: 27–32. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S10145. PMC 3039011. PMID 21339940.
Putterman C, Furie R, Ramsey-Goldman R, et al. (2014). "Cell-bound complement activation products in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with anti-double-stranded DNA and standard complement measurements". Lupus Science & Medicine. 1 (1) e000056. doi:10.1136/lupus-2014-000056. PMC 4225732. PMID 25396070.
O'Malley T, Xie F, Su Y, et al. (September 2022). "Complement activation products vs standard ANA testing: Treatment outcomes, diagnosis, and economic impact (CAPSTONE) in systemic lupus erythematosus". Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 28 (9): 1021–1032. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2022.22039. PMC 12101568. PMID 35775579.
Buyon JP, Clancy RM (December 2003). "Maternal autoantibodies and congenital heart block: mediators, markers, and therapeutic approach". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 33 (3): 140–154. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.09.002. PMID 14671725.
Kuhn A, Bonsmann G, Anders HJ, et al. (19 June 2015). "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (25): 423–432. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0423. PMC 4558874. PMID 26179016.
Yu C, Gershwin ME, Chang C (1 February 2014). "Diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: A critical review". Journal of Autoimmunity. Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases. 48–49: 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.004. PMID 24461385.
Weinstein A, Bordwell B, Stone B, et al. (February 1983). "Antibodies to native DNA and serum complement (C3) levels. Application to diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus". The American Journal of Medicine. 74 (2): 206–216. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)90613-7. PMID 6600582.
Asherson RA, Cervera R, de Groot PG, et al. (2003). "Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines". Lupus. 12 (7): 530–534. doi:10.1191/0961203303lu394oa. PMID 12892393.
Sangle S, D'Cruz DP, Hughes GR (January 2005). "Livedo reticularis and pregnancy morbidity in patients negative for antiphospholipid antibodies". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 64 (1): 147–148. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.020743. PMC 1755191. PMID 15608315.
Hughes GR, Khamashta MA (December 2003). "Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 62 (12): 1127. doi:10.1136/ard.2003.006163. PMC 1754381. PMID 14644846.
Rosario C, Seguro L, Vasconcelos C, et al. (3 April 2013). "Is there a cure for systemic lupus erythematosus?". Lupus. 22 (5): 417–421. doi:10.1177/0961203313479839. PMID 23554031.
Cai T, Zhao J, Yang Y, et al. (December 2022). "Hydroxychloroquine use reduces mortality risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies". Lupus. 31 (14): 1714–1725. doi:10.1177/09612033221129774. PMID 36325952.
Siegel CH, Sammaritano LR (7 May 2024). "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review". JAMA. 331 (17): 1480–1491. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.2315. PMID 38587826.
Fernandes Moça Trevisani V, Castro AA, Ferreira Neves Neto J, et al. (February 2013). "Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (2) CD002265. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002265.pub3. PMC 6823222. PMID 23450535.
Vincent FB, Morand EF, Mackay F (March 2012). "BAFF and innate immunity: new therapeutic targets for systemic lupus erythematosus". Immunology and Cell Biology. 90 (3): 293–303. doi:10.1038/icb.2011.111. PMID 22231653.
Murimi-Worstell IB, Lin DH, Kan H, et al. (March 2021). "Healthcare Utilization and Costs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Disease Severity in the United States". The Journal of Rheumatology. 48 (3): 385–393. doi:10.3899/jrheum.191187. PMID 32611669.
Hannah J, Casian A, D'Cruz D (1 January 2016). "Tacrolimus use in lupus nephritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Autoimmunity Reviews. 15 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.09.006. PMID 26427983.
Rodziewicz M, Dyball S, Lunt M, et al. (1 May 2023). "Early infection risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab or belimumab from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register (BILAG-BR): a prospective longitudinal study S2665-9913(23)00091-7". The Lancet Rheumatology. 5 (5): e284–e292. doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00091-7. PMID 38251591.
"New biological treatments for lupus do not increase the risk of serious infections". NIHR Evidence. 6 December 2023. doi:10.3310/nihrevidence_61092.
Alderaan K, Vuk S, Magder L, et al. (26 September 2014). "Risk factors for cataracts in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)". Rheumatology International. 35 (4): 701–708. doi:10.1007/s00296-014-3129-5. PMID 25257763.
Suarez-Almazor ME, Belseck E, Shea B, et al. (23 October 2000). "Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (4) CD001157. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001157. PMC 8407281. PMID 11034702.
Ballantyne JC, Shin NS (July 2008). "Efficacy of Opioids for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Evidence". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 24 (6): 469–478. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26. PMID 18574357.
Parodis I, Girard-Guyonvarc'h C, Arnaud L, et al. (10 July 2023). "EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 83 (6): 720–729. doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224416. PMID 37433575.
Cochat P, Fargue S, Mestrallet G, et al. (November 2009). "Disease recurrence in paediatric renal transplantation". Pediatric Nephrology. 24 (11): 2097–2108. doi:10.1007/s00467-009-1137-6. PMC 2753770. PMID 19247694.
Ünlü O, Zuily S, Erkan D (June 2016). "The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus". European Journal of Rheumatology. 3 (2): 75–84. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0085. PMC 5042235. PMID 27708976.
Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS (2006). "Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden". Lupus. 15 (5): 308–318. doi:10.1191/0961203306lu2305xx. PMID 16761508.
Petri M (April 2020). "Pregnancy and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 64: 24–30. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.09.002. PMID 31677989.
Sánchez-Guerrero J, Uribe AG, Jiménez-Santana L, et al. (15 December 2005). "A Trial of Contraceptive Methods in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (24): 2539–2549. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050817. PMID 16354890.
Singh RR, Yen EY (September 2018). "SLE mortality remains disproportionately high, despite improvements over the last decade". Lupus. 27 (10): 1577–1581. doi:10.1177/0961203318786436. PMC 6082727. PMID 30016928.
Borgia RE, Silverman ED (September 2015). "Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: an update". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 27 (5): 483–492. doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000208. PMID 26200474.
Sule S, Petri M (2006). "Socioeconomic status in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 15 (11): 720–723. doi:10.1177/0961203306070008. PMID 17153841.
Pons-Estel GJ, Alarcón GS, Scofield L, et al. (February 2010). "Understanding the epidemiology and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 39 (4): 257–268. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.10.007. PMC 2813992. PMID 19136143.
Yelin E, Yazdany J, Tonner C, et al. (March 2015). "Interactions between patients, providers, and health systems and technical quality of care". Arthritis Care & Research. 67 (3): 417–424. doi:10.1002/acr.22427. PMC 4320034. PMID 25132660.
Tsokos GC (December 2011). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (22): 2110–2121. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1100359. PMID 22129255.
Mousavi MJ, Mahmoudi M, Ghotloo S (2020). "Escape from X chromosome inactivation and female bias of autoimmune diseases". Molecular Medicine. 26 (1) 127: 127. doi:10.1186/s10020-020-00256-1. PMC 7727198. PMID 33297945.
Zandman-Goddard G, Peeva E, Shoenfeld Y (June 2007). "Gender and autoimmunity". Autoimmunity Reviews. 6 (6): 366–372. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2006.10.001. PMID 17537382.
Dou DR, Zhao Y, Belk JA, et al. (2024). "Xist ribonucleoproteins promote female sex-biased autoimmunity". Cell. 187 (3): 733–749.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.037. PMC 10949934. PMID 38306984.
Fatovic-Ferencic S, Holubar K. Early history and iconography of lupus erythematosus. Clin Dermatol. 2004 Mar-Apr;22(2):100-4. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.12.015. PMID 15234009.
Jordan N, D'Cruz DP (February 2015). "Belimumab for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus". Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 11 (2): 195–204. doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.996550. PMID 25543845.
Mackensen A, Müller F, Mougiakakos D, et al. (October 2022). "Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus". Nature Medicine. 28 (10): 2124–2132. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02017-5. PMID 36109639.

dramaofsocial.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Social Media Drama of Social

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

"FDA approves first new lupus drug in 56 years". fda.gov (Press release). US: Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
"FDA Alert: Mycophenolate Mofetil (marketed as CellCept) and Mycophenolic Acid (marketed as Myfortic)". fda.gov. US: Food and Drug Administration. 16 May 2008. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010.

gale.com (Global: 914^th place; English: 441^st place)

go.gale.com

Neuwelt CM, Young RG (April 2009). "Managing neuropsychiatric lupus: top 10 clinical pearls: clinical judgment and experience must prevail". The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 26 (4): 127–129, 132–135. Gale A199465260.

haamor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"โรคพุ่มพวง โรคลูปัส โรคเอสแอลอี Lupus SLE - หาหมอ.com". 1 June 2019. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Somers EC, Marder W, Cagnoli P, et al. (February 2014). "Population-based incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance program". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 66 (2): 369–378. doi:10.1002/art.38238. hdl:2027.42/102724. PMC 4198147. PMID 24504809.

heal-good.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Toni Braxton is a fighter of Lupus". Heal Good. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

hopkinslupus.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Treating Lupus with Steroids". Johns Hopkins Lupus Center. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

iupui.edu (Global: 9,842^nd place; English: 5,936^th place)

erl.pathology.iupui.edu

"General Pathology Images for Immunopathology". Archived from the original on 10 May 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.

jrheum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jump RL, Robinson ME, Armstrong AE, et al. (September 2005). "Fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus: contributions of disease activity, pain, depression, and perceived social support". The Journal of Rheumatology. 32 (9): 1699–1705. PMID 16142863. Archived from the original on 16 August 2007.

kuleuven.be (Global: 4,526^th place; English: 3,942^nd place)

lirias.kuleuven.be

Bousfiha A, Moundir A, Tangye SG, et al. (October 2022). "The 2022 Update of IUIS Phenotypical Classification for Human Inborn Errors of Immunity". Journal of Clinical Immunology. 42 (7): 1508–1520. doi:10.1007/s10875-022-01352-z. PMID 36198931.

lupus.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lupus facts and statistics". lupus.org. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
"Joint and Muscle Pain". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007.
"Lupus and women's reproductive health". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
Rubin RL. "Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 13 October 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
"Common Symptoms of Lupus". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
"Prognosis and a Hopeful Future". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
"What is the history of lupus?". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
"How Selena Gomez's lupus led to a kidney transplant". lupus.org.

lupus.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sally Hawkins". Lupus Trust UK. 6 December 2017.^{[dead link]}

mayoclinic.com (Global: 6,290^th place; English: 5,965^th place)

"Lupus: Symptoms — MayoClinic.com". Archived from the original on 14 July 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2008.

medicinenet.com (Global: 6,975^th place; English: 7,170^th place)

Shiel WC Jr (30 January 2009). Stöppler MC (ed.). "Systemic Lupus (cont.)". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009.

metro.co.uk (Global: 534^th place; English: 334^th place)

Evans M (5 July 2018). "Seal opens up about Lupus battle as he teams up with Myleene Klass and Nile Rodgers for NHS charity single". Metro.co.uk. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

musculoskeletalnetwork.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Vasudevan AR, Ginzler EM (4 August 2009). "Established and novel treatments for lupus". The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 26 (8).^{[permanent dead link]}

newatlas.com (Global: 5,974^th place; English: 3,758^th place)

"Five lupus patients enter long-lasting remission after immunotherapy". New Atlas. 15 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS (2006). "Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden". Lupus. 15 (5): 308–318. doi:10.1191/0961203306lu2305xx. PMID 16761508.
Sura A, Failing C, Co DO, et al. (June 2024). "Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Pediatrics in Review. 45 (6): 316–328. doi:10.1542/pir.2023-006011. PMID 38821900.
Lisnevskaia L, Murphy G, Isenberg D (November 2014). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". The Lancet. 384 (9957): 1878–1888. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60128-8. PMID 24881804.
Davis LS, Reimold AM (April 2017). "Research and therapeutics-traditional and emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology. 56 (suppl_1): i100–i113. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kew417. PMC 5850311. PMID 28375452.
Murphy G, Isenberg D (December 2013). "Effect of gender on clinical presentation in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology. 52 (12): 2108–2115. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket160. PMID 23641038.
Tiffin N, Adeyemo A, Okpechi I (January 2013). "A diverse array of genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 8: 2. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-2. PMC 3551738. PMID 23289717.
Rahman A, Isenberg DA (February 2008). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (9): 929–939. doi:10.1056/NEJMra071297. PMID 18305268.
Yacoub Wasef SZ (August 2004). "Gender differences in systemic lupus erythematosus". Gender Medicine. 1 (1): 12–17. doi:10.1016/S1550-8579(04)80006-8. PMID 16115579.
Tebbe B, Orfanos CE (1997). "Epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of skin disease in lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 6 (2): 96–104. doi:10.1177/096120339700600204. PMID 9061657.
Hodkinson B, Musenge E, Tikly M (May 2009). "Osteoarticular tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". QJM. 102 (5): 321–328. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp015. PMID 19246552.
Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist J, et al. (March 2009). "Familial associations of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune diseases and related conditions". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 60 (3): 661–668. doi:10.1002/art.24328. PMID 19248111.
Mendoza-Pinto C, García-Carrasco M, Sandoval-Cruz H, et al. (May 2009). "Risk factors of vertebral fractures in women with systemic lupus erythematosus". Clinical Rheumatology. 28 (5): 579–585. doi:10.1007/s10067-009-1105-3. PMID 19224131.
Lam SK, Quah TC (1990). "Anemia in systemic lupus erythematosus". The Journal of the Singapore Paediatric Society. 32 (3–4): 132–136. PMID 2133750.
Giannouli S, Voulgarelis M, Ziakas PD, et al. (February 2006). "Anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: from pathophysiology to clinical assessment". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 65 (2): 144–148. doi:10.1136/ard.2005.041673. PMC 1798007. PMID 16079164.
Syuto T, Shimizu A, Takeuchi Y, et al. (July 2009). "Association of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus". Clinical Rheumatology. 28 (7): 841–845. doi:10.1007/s10067-009-1123-1. PMID 19224124.
Koike T, Sueishi M, Tomioka H, et al. (31 October 1983). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies and biological false positive serological test for syphilis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 56 (1): 193–199. PMC 1535952. PMID 6201309.
Hahn BH (December 2003). "Systemic lupus erythematosus and accelerated atherosclerosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 349 (25): 2379–2380. doi:10.1056/NEJMp038168. PMID 14681501.
Frieri M, Stampfl H (January 2016). "Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: Review of the literature". Autoimmunity Reviews. 15 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.007. PMID 26299985.
Henderson LA, Loring SH, Gill RR, et al. (March 2013). "Shrinking lung syndrome as a manifestation of pleuritis: a new model based on pulmonary physiological studies". The Journal of Rheumatology. 40 (3): 273–281. doi:10.3899/jrheum.121048. PMC 4112073. PMID 23378468.
Calderaro DC, Ferreira GA (May 2012). "Presentation and prognosis of shrinking lung syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of four cases". Rheumatology International. 32 (5): 1391–1396. doi:10.1007/s00296-011-1863-5. PMID 21431288.
Kamen DL, Strange C (September 2010). "Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 31 (3): 479–488. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.05.001. PMID 20692540.
Medlin JL, Hansen KE, McCoy SS, et al. (October 2018). "Pulmonary manifestations in late versus early systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 48 (2): 198–204. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.010. PMC 6067995. PMID 29550111.
Singh JA, Hossain A, Kotb A, et al. (October 2016). "Treatments for Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Network Metaanalysis". The Journal of Rheumatology. 43 (10): 1801–1815. doi:10.3899/jrheum.160041. PMID 27585688.
Somers EC, Marder W, Cagnoli P, et al. (February 2014). "Population-based incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance program". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 66 (2): 369–378. doi:10.1002/art.38238. hdl:2027.42/102724. PMC 4198147. PMID 24504809.
Ward MM (November 2000). "Changes in the incidence of end-stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis, 1982-1995". Archives of Internal Medicine. 160 (20): 3136–3140. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.20.3136. PMID 11074743.
"The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 42 (4): 599–608. April 1999. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F. PMID 10211873.
Kasama T, Maeoka A, Oguro N (2016). "Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Connective Tissue Diseases". Clinical Medicine Insights. Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders. 9 CMAMD.S37477. doi:10.4137/CMAMD.S37477. PMC 4718090. PMID 26819561.
Honczarenko K, Budzianowska A, Ostanek L (2008). "Neurological syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with antiphospholipid syndrome". Neurologia I Neurochirurgia Polska. 42 (6): 513–517. PMID 19235104. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
Omdal R (2002). "Some controversies of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus". Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 31 (4): 192–197. doi:10.1080/030097402320318369. PMID 12369649.
Xue Z, Wang X, Liu F, et al. (February 2009). "Intracranial hypertension syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical analysis and review of the literature". Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Medical Sciences. 29 (1): 107–111. doi:10.1007/s11596-009-0123-3. PMID 19224175.
Carrión-Barberà I, Salman-Monte TC, Vílchez-Oya F, et al. (April 2021). "Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review". Autoimmunity Reviews. 20 (4) 102780. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102780. PMID 33609799.
West SG (September 1996). "Lupus and the central nervous system". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 8 (5): 408–414. doi:10.1097/00002281-199609000-00004. PMID 8941443.
Zakeri Z, Shakiba M, Narouie B, et al. (May 2012). "Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Iranian experience". Rheumatology International. 32 (5): 1179–1187. doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1791-9. PMID 21253731.
Dammacco R (May 2018). "Systemic lupus erythematosus and ocular involvement: an overview". Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 18 (2): 135–149. doi:10.1007/s10238-017-0479-9. PMID 29243035.
Clowse ME (May 2007). "Lupus activity in pregnancy". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 33 (2): 237–52, v. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2007.01.002. PMC 2745966. PMID 17499705.
Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD, et al. (November 2010). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 5 (11): 2060–2068. doi:10.2215/CJN.00240110. PMC 3001786. PMID 20688887.
Cortés-Hernández J, Ordi-Ros J, Paredes F, et al. (June 2002). "Clinical predictors of fetal and maternal outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of 103 pregnancies". Rheumatology. 41 (6): 643–650. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/41.6.643. PMID 12048290.
D'Cruz DP (April 2006). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". BMJ. 332 (7546): 890–894. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7546.890. PMC 1440614. PMID 16613963.
Jump RL, Robinson ME, Armstrong AE, et al. (September 2005). "Fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus: contributions of disease activity, pain, depression, and perceived social support". The Journal of Rheumatology. 32 (9): 1699–1705. PMID 16142863. Archived from the original on 16 August 2007.
Schneider L, Dos Santos AS, Santos M, et al. (August 2014). "Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: state of the art". Clinical Rheumatology. 33 (8): 1033–1038. doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2530-5. PMID 24573738.
Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, et al. (April 2023). "Vitamin D and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases". Biomolecules. 13 (4): 709. doi:10.3390/biom13040709. PMC 10135889. PMID 37189455.
Irfan SA, Ali AA, Shabbir N, et al. (June 2022). "Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity and Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Cureus. 14 (6) e25896. doi:10.7759/cureus.25896. PMC 9278795. PMID 35844337.
Ho LJ, Wu CH, Luo SF, et al. (September 2024). "Vitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: Causality and association with disease activity and therapeutics". Biochemical Pharmacology. 227 116417. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116417. PMID 38996931.
Tusseau M, Khaldi-Plassart S, Cognard J, et al. (April 2024). "Mendelian Causes of Autoimmunity: the Lupus Phenotype". Journal of Clinical Immunology. 44 (4) 99. doi:10.1007/s10875-024-01696-8. PMID 38619739.
An J, Marwaha A, Laxer RM (September 2024). "Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Review". The Journal of Rheumatology. 51 (9): 848–861. doi:10.3899/jrheum.2023-1209. PMID 38879186.
Sestan M, Kifer N, Arsov T, et al. (July 2023). "The Role of Genetic Risk Factors in Pathogenesis of Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 45 (7): 5981–6002. doi:10.3390/cimb45070378. PMC 10378459. PMID 37504294.
Wu CY, Fan WL, Yang HY, et al. (April 2023). "Contribution of genetic variants associated with primary immunodeficiencies to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 151 (4): 1123–1131. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.807. PMID 36586539.
Bousfiha A, Moundir A, Tangye SG, et al. (October 2022). "The 2022 Update of IUIS Phenotypical Classification for Human Inborn Errors of Immunity". Journal of Clinical Immunology. 42 (7): 1508–1520. doi:10.1007/s10875-022-01352-z. PMID 36198931.
Yu JE (February 2024). "New primary immunodeficiencies 2023 update". Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 36 (1): 112–123. doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000001315. PMID 38001560.
Wolf C, Lim EL, Mokhtari M, et al. (February 2024). "UNC93B1 variants underlie TLR7-dependent autoimmunity". Science Immunology. 9 (92) eadi9769. doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9769. PMID 38207055.
David C, Arango-Franco CA, Badonyi M, et al. (August 2024). "Gain-of-function human UNC93B1 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and chilblain lupus". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 221 (8) e20232066. doi:10.1084/jem.20232066. PMC 11176256. PMID 38869500.
Pereira KM, Perazzio S, Faria AG, et al. (August 2019). "Impact of C4, C4A and C4B gene copy number variation in the susceptibility, phenotype and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus". Advances in Rheumatology (London, England). 59 (1) 36. doi:10.1186/s42358-019-0076-6. PMID 31387635.
Marin WM, Augusto DG, Wade KJ, et al. (January 2024). "High-throughput complement component 4 genomic sequence analysis with C4Investigator". HLA: Immune Response Genetics. 103 (1) e15273. Wiley. doi:10.1111/tan.15273. PMC 11099535. PMID 37899688.
Yang W, Ng P, Zhao M, et al. (April 2009). "Population differences in SLE susceptibility genes: STAT4 and BLK, but not PXK, are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in Hong Kong Chinese". Genes and Immunity. 10 (3): 219–26. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.1. PMID 19225526.
Kousi M, Katsanis N (June 2015). "Genetic modifiers and oligogenic inheritance". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 5 (6) a017145. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017145. PMC 4448705. PMID 26033081.
Crouch DJ, Bodmer WF (August 2020). "Polygenic inheritance, GWAS, polygenic risk scores, and the search for functional variants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (32): 18924–18933. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11718924C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005634117. PMC 7431089. PMID 32753378.
Prokunina L, Alarcon-Riquelme M (April 2004). "The genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus--knowledge of today and thoughts for tomorrow". Human Molecular Genetics. 13 Spec No 1 (90001): R143–R148. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh076. PMID 14764622.
Mireles-Canales MP, González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, et al. (2018). "DNA Damage and Deficiencies in the Mechanisms of Its Repair: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". J Immunol Res. 2018 8214379. doi:10.1155/2018/8214379. PMC 6079408. PMID 30116756.
Meas R, Burak MJ, Sweasy JB (August 2017). "DNA repair and systemic lupus erythematosus". DNA Repair (Amst). 56: 174–182. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.06.020. PMC 5543809. PMID 28623091.
Arnaud L, Mertz P, Gavand PE, et al. (April 2019). "Drug-induced systemic lupus: revisiting the ever-changing spectrum of the disease using the WHO pharmacovigilance database". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 78 (4): 504–508. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214598. PMID 30793701.
Younis S, Moutusy SI, Rasouli S, et al. (12 November 2025). "Epstein-Barr virus reprograms autoreactive B cells as antigen-presenting cells in systemic lupus erythematosus". Science Translational Medicine. 17 (824) eady0210. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.ady0210. PMC 12740198. PMID 41223250.
Millard LG, Rowell NR (September 1979). "Abnormal laboratory test results and their relationship to prognosis in discoid lupus erythematosus. A long-term follow-up study of 92 patients". Archives of Dermatology. 115 (9): 1055–1058. doi:10.1001/archderm.1979.04010090005011. PMID 314780.
Crow MK (February 2008). "Collaboration, genetic associations, and lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (9): 956–961. doi:10.1056/NEJMe0800096. PMID 18204099.
Hom G, Graham RR, Modrek B, et al. (February 2008). "Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with C8orf13-BLK and ITGAM-ITGAX". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (9): 900–909. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0707865. PMID 18204098.
Scheinfeld NS, DiCostanzo DD, Cohen SR (December 2003). "Reticulate and stellate acral pigmentation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and high titers of circulating anticardiolipin antibodies: a possible association with acral microlivedo". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2 (6): 674–676. PMID 14711150.
D'Cruz DP, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR (February 2007). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". Lancet. 369 (9561): 587–596. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60279-7. PMID 17307106.
Kanta H, Mohan C (July 2009). "Three checkpoints in lupus development: central tolerance in adaptive immunity, peripheral amplification by innate immunity and end-organ inflammation". Genes and Immunity. 10 (5): 390–396. doi:10.1038/gene.2009.6. PMID 19262576.
Gaipl US, Kuhn A, Sheriff A, et al. (2006). "Clearance of apoptotic cells in human SLE". In Elkon KB (ed.). Apoptosis and Its Relevance to Autoimmunity. Current Directions in Autoimmunity. Vol. 9. Karger. pp. 173–187. doi:10.1159/000090781. ISBN 978-3-8055-8036-6. PMID 16394661.
Gergely P, Grossman C, Niland B, et al. (January 2002). "Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 46 (1): 175–190. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<175::AID-ART10015>3.0.CO;2-H. PMC 4020417. PMID 11817589.
Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Grossmayer G, et al. (March 2007). "Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)". Journal of Autoimmunity. 28 (2–3): 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2007.02.005. PMID 17368845.
Monteith AJ, Kang S, Scott E, et al. (April 2016). "Defects in lysosomal maturation facilitate the activation of innate sensors in systemic lupus erythematosus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (15): E2142–E2151. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113E2142M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1513943113. PMC 4839468. PMID 27035940.
Kang S, Rogers JL, Monteith AJ, et al. (May 2016). "Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and Promotes Disease in Murine and Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Journal of Immunology. 196 (10): 4030–4039. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1500418. PMC 4868781. PMID 27059595.
Hakkim A, Fürnrohr BG, Amann K, et al. (May 2010). "Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (21): 9813–9818. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9813H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909927107. PMC 2906830. PMID 20439745.
Yasutomo K, Horiuchi T, Kagami S, et al. (August 2001). "Mutation of DNASE1 in people with systemic lupus erythematosus". Nature Genetics. 28 (4): 313–314. doi:10.1038/91070. PMID 11479590.
Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Grossmayer G, et al. (2007). "Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)". Journal of Autoimmunity. 28 (2–3): 114–121. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2007.02.005. PMID 17368845.
Baumann I, Kolowos W, Voll RE, et al. (18 January 2002). "Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis & Rheumatism. 46 (1): 191–201. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<191::AID-ART10027>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 11817590.
Suárez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Tsokos GC (1 December 2016). "T cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Current Opinion in Immunology. Autoimmunity. 43: 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.001. PMC 5125867. PMID 27636649.
Poole BD, Schneider RI, Guthridge JM, et al. (March 2009). "Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 60 (3): 848–859. doi:10.1002/art.24306. PMC 2653589. PMID 19248110.
Pan HF, Wu GC, Li WP, et al. (March 2010). "High Mobility Group Box 1: a potential therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus". Molecular Biology Reports. 37 (3): 1191–1195. doi:10.1007/s11033-009-9485-7. PMID 19247800.
Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al. (September 2019). "2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 71 (9): 1400–1412. doi:10.1002/art.40930. PMC 6827566. PMID 31385462.
Reich A, Marcinow K, Bialynicki-Birula R (January 2011). "The lupus band test in systemic lupus erythematosus patients". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 7: 27–32. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S10145. PMC 3039011. PMID 21339940.
Putterman C, Furie R, Ramsey-Goldman R, et al. (2014). "Cell-bound complement activation products in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with anti-double-stranded DNA and standard complement measurements". Lupus Science & Medicine. 1 (1) e000056. doi:10.1136/lupus-2014-000056. PMC 4225732. PMID 25396070.
O'Malley T, Xie F, Su Y, et al. (September 2022). "Complement activation products vs standard ANA testing: Treatment outcomes, diagnosis, and economic impact (CAPSTONE) in systemic lupus erythematosus". Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 28 (9): 1021–1032. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2022.22039. PMC 12101568. PMID 35775579.
Buyon JP, Clancy RM (December 2003). "Maternal autoantibodies and congenital heart block: mediators, markers, and therapeutic approach". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 33 (3): 140–154. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.09.002. PMID 14671725.
Kuhn A, Bonsmann G, Anders HJ, et al. (19 June 2015). "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (25): 423–432. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0423. PMC 4558874. PMID 26179016.
Yu C, Gershwin ME, Chang C (1 February 2014). "Diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: A critical review". Journal of Autoimmunity. Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases. 48–49: 10–13. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.004. PMID 24461385.
Edworthy SM, Zatarain E, McShane DJ, et al. (October 1988). "Analysis of the 1982 ARA lupus criteria data set by recursive partitioning methodology: new insights into the relative merit of individual criteria". The Journal of Rheumatology. 15 (10): 1493–1498. PMID 3060613.
Weinstein A, Bordwell B, Stone B, et al. (February 1983). "Antibodies to native DNA and serum complement (C3) levels. Application to diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus". The American Journal of Medicine. 74 (2): 206–216. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)90613-7. PMID 6600582.
Asherson RA, Cervera R, de Groot PG, et al. (2003). "Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines". Lupus. 12 (7): 530–534. doi:10.1191/0961203303lu394oa. PMID 12892393.
Sangle S, D'Cruz DP, Hughes GR (January 2005). "Livedo reticularis and pregnancy morbidity in patients negative for antiphospholipid antibodies". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 64 (1): 147–148. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.020743. PMC 1755191. PMID 15608315.
Hughes GR, Khamashta MA (December 2003). "Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 62 (12): 1127. doi:10.1136/ard.2003.006163. PMC 1754381. PMID 14644846.
Hughes GR (1998). "Is it lupus? The St. Thomas' Hospital "alternative" criteria". Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 16 (3): 250–252. PMID 9631744.
Rosario C, Seguro L, Vasconcelos C, et al. (3 April 2013). "Is there a cure for systemic lupus erythematosus?". Lupus. 22 (5): 417–421. doi:10.1177/0961203313479839. PMID 23554031.
Cai T, Zhao J, Yang Y, et al. (December 2022). "Hydroxychloroquine use reduces mortality risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies". Lupus. 31 (14): 1714–1725. doi:10.1177/09612033221129774. PMID 36325952.
Siegel CH, Sammaritano LR (7 May 2024). "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review". JAMA. 331 (17): 1480–1491. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.2315. PMID 38587826.
Fernandes Moça Trevisani V, Castro AA, Ferreira Neves Neto J, et al. (February 2013). "Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (2) CD002265. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002265.pub3. PMC 6823222. PMID 23450535.
Vincent FB, Morand EF, Mackay F (March 2012). "BAFF and innate immunity: new therapeutic targets for systemic lupus erythematosus". Immunology and Cell Biology. 90 (3): 293–303. doi:10.1038/icb.2011.111. PMID 22231653.
Murimi-Worstell IB, Lin DH, Kan H, et al. (March 2021). "Healthcare Utilization and Costs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Disease Severity in the United States". The Journal of Rheumatology. 48 (3): 385–393. doi:10.3899/jrheum.191187. PMID 32611669.
Hannah J, Casian A, D'Cruz D (1 January 2016). "Tacrolimus use in lupus nephritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Autoimmunity Reviews. 15 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.09.006. PMID 26427983.
Rodziewicz M, Dyball S, Lunt M, et al. (1 May 2023). "Early infection risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab or belimumab from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register (BILAG-BR): a prospective longitudinal study S2665-9913(23)00091-7". The Lancet Rheumatology. 5 (5): e284–e292. doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00091-7. PMID 38251591.
Alderaan K, Vuk S, Magder L, et al. (26 September 2014). "Risk factors for cataracts in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)". Rheumatology International. 35 (4): 701–708. doi:10.1007/s00296-014-3129-5. PMID 25257763.
Suarez-Almazor ME, Belseck E, Shea B, et al. (23 October 2000). "Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (4) CD001157. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001157. PMC 8407281. PMID 11034702.
Ballantyne JC, Shin NS (July 2008). "Efficacy of Opioids for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Evidence". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 24 (6): 469–478. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31816b2f26. PMID 18574357.
Parodis I, Girard-Guyonvarc'h C, Arnaud L, et al. (10 July 2023). "EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 83 (6): 720–729. doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224416. PMID 37433575.
Cochat P, Fargue S, Mestrallet G, et al. (November 2009). "Disease recurrence in paediatric renal transplantation". Pediatric Nephrology. 24 (11): 2097–2108. doi:10.1007/s00467-009-1137-6. PMC 2753770. PMID 19247694.
Ünlü O, Zuily S, Erkan D (June 2016). "The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus". European Journal of Rheumatology. 3 (2): 75–84. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0085. PMC 5042235. PMID 27708976.
Danchenko N, Satia JA, Anthony MS (2006). "Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden". Lupus. 15 (5): 308–318. doi:10.1191/0961203306lu2305xx. PMID 16761508.
Petri M (April 2020). "Pregnancy and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 64: 24–30. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.09.002. PMID 31677989.
Sánchez-Guerrero J, Uribe AG, Jiménez-Santana L, et al. (15 December 2005). "A Trial of Contraceptive Methods in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (24): 2539–2549. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050817. PMID 16354890.
Singh RR, Yen EY (September 2018). "SLE mortality remains disproportionately high, despite improvements over the last decade". Lupus. 27 (10): 1577–1581. doi:10.1177/0961203318786436. PMC 6082727. PMID 30016928.
Borgia RE, Silverman ED (September 2015). "Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: an update". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 27 (5): 483–492. doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000208. PMID 26200474.
Sule S, Petri M (2006). "Socioeconomic status in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 15 (11): 720–723. doi:10.1177/0961203306070008. PMID 17153841.
Pons-Estel GJ, Alarcón GS, Scofield L, et al. (February 2010). "Understanding the epidemiology and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 39 (4): 257–268. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.10.007. PMC 2813992. PMID 19136143.
Ow MY, Ho PC, Thumboo J, et al. (November–December 2010). "Factors associated with health services utilization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review". Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 28 (6): 892–904. PMID 21122271.
Yelin E, Yazdany J, Tonner C, et al. (March 2015). "Interactions between patients, providers, and health systems and technical quality of care". Arthritis Care & Research. 67 (3): 417–424. doi:10.1002/acr.22427. PMC 4320034. PMID 25132660.
Tsokos GC (December 2011). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". The New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (22): 2110–2121. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1100359. PMID 22129255.
Mousavi MJ, Mahmoudi M, Ghotloo S (2020). "Escape from X chromosome inactivation and female bias of autoimmune diseases". Molecular Medicine. 26 (1) 127: 127. doi:10.1186/s10020-020-00256-1. PMC 7727198. PMID 33297945.
Zandman-Goddard G, Peeva E, Shoenfeld Y (June 2007). "Gender and autoimmunity". Autoimmunity Reviews. 6 (6): 366–372. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2006.10.001. PMID 17537382.
Dou DR, Zhao Y, Belk JA, et al. (2024). "Xist ribonucleoproteins promote female sex-biased autoimmunity". Cell. 187 (3): 733–749.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.037. PMC 10949934. PMID 38306984.
Justiz Vaillant AA, Varacallo M (2019). "article-24526". Lupus Erythematosus. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30571026. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
Hochberg MC (October 1991). "The history of lupus erythematosus". Maryland Medical Journal. 40 (10): 871–873. PMID 1943516.
Jordan N, D'Cruz DP (February 2015). "Belimumab for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus". Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 11 (2): 195–204. doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.996550. PMID 25543845.
Mackensen A, Müller F, Mougiakakos D, et al. (October 2022). "Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus". Nature Medicine. 28 (10): 2124–2132. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02017-5. PMID 36109639.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Davis LS, Reimold AM (April 2017). "Research and therapeutics-traditional and emerging therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus". Rheumatology. 56 (suppl_1): i100–i113. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kew417. PMC 5850311. PMID 28375452.
Tiffin N, Adeyemo A, Okpechi I (January 2013). "A diverse array of genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 8: 2. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-2. PMC 3551738. PMID 23289717.
Giannouli S, Voulgarelis M, Ziakas PD, et al. (February 2006). "Anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: from pathophysiology to clinical assessment". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 65 (2): 144–148. doi:10.1136/ard.2005.041673. PMC 1798007. PMID 16079164.
Koike T, Sueishi M, Tomioka H, et al. (31 October 1983). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies and biological false positive serological test for syphilis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 56 (1): 193–199. PMC 1535952. PMID 6201309.
Henderson LA, Loring SH, Gill RR, et al. (March 2013). "Shrinking lung syndrome as a manifestation of pleuritis: a new model based on pulmonary physiological studies". The Journal of Rheumatology. 40 (3): 273–281. doi:10.3899/jrheum.121048. PMC 4112073. PMID 23378468.
Medlin JL, Hansen KE, McCoy SS, et al. (October 2018). "Pulmonary manifestations in late versus early systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 48 (2): 198–204. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.010. PMC 6067995. PMID 29550111.
Somers EC, Marder W, Cagnoli P, et al. (February 2014). "Population-based incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance program". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 66 (2): 369–378. doi:10.1002/art.38238. hdl:2027.42/102724. PMC 4198147. PMID 24504809.
Kasama T, Maeoka A, Oguro N (2016). "Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Connective Tissue Diseases". Clinical Medicine Insights. Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders. 9 CMAMD.S37477. doi:10.4137/CMAMD.S37477. PMC 4718090. PMID 26819561.
Clowse ME (May 2007). "Lupus activity in pregnancy". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 33 (2): 237–52, v. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2007.01.002. PMC 2745966. PMID 17499705.
Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD, et al. (November 2010). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 5 (11): 2060–2068. doi:10.2215/CJN.00240110. PMC 3001786. PMID 20688887.
D'Cruz DP (April 2006). "Systemic lupus erythematosus". BMJ. 332 (7546): 890–894. doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7546.890. PMC 1440614. PMID 16613963.
Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, et al. (April 2023). "Vitamin D and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases". Biomolecules. 13 (4): 709. doi:10.3390/biom13040709. PMC 10135889. PMID 37189455.
Irfan SA, Ali AA, Shabbir N, et al. (June 2022). "Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity and Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Cureus. 14 (6) e25896. doi:10.7759/cureus.25896. PMC 9278795. PMID 35844337.
Sestan M, Kifer N, Arsov T, et al. (July 2023). "The Role of Genetic Risk Factors in Pathogenesis of Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 45 (7): 5981–6002. doi:10.3390/cimb45070378. PMC 10378459. PMID 37504294.
David C, Arango-Franco CA, Badonyi M, et al. (August 2024). "Gain-of-function human UNC93B1 variants cause systemic lupus erythematosus and chilblain lupus". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 221 (8) e20232066. doi:10.1084/jem.20232066. PMC 11176256. PMID 38869500.
Marin WM, Augusto DG, Wade KJ, et al. (January 2024). "High-throughput complement component 4 genomic sequence analysis with C4Investigator". HLA: Immune Response Genetics. 103 (1) e15273. Wiley. doi:10.1111/tan.15273. PMC 11099535. PMID 37899688.
Kousi M, Katsanis N (June 2015). "Genetic modifiers and oligogenic inheritance". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 5 (6) a017145. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017145. PMC 4448705. PMID 26033081.
Crouch DJ, Bodmer WF (August 2020). "Polygenic inheritance, GWAS, polygenic risk scores, and the search for functional variants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (32): 18924–18933. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11718924C. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005634117. PMC 7431089. PMID 32753378.
Mireles-Canales MP, González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, et al. (2018). "DNA Damage and Deficiencies in the Mechanisms of Its Repair: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". J Immunol Res. 2018 8214379. doi:10.1155/2018/8214379. PMC 6079408. PMID 30116756.
Meas R, Burak MJ, Sweasy JB (August 2017). "DNA repair and systemic lupus erythematosus". DNA Repair (Amst). 56: 174–182. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.06.020. PMC 5543809. PMID 28623091.
Younis S, Moutusy SI, Rasouli S, et al. (12 November 2025). "Epstein-Barr virus reprograms autoreactive B cells as antigen-presenting cells in systemic lupus erythematosus". Science Translational Medicine. 17 (824) eady0210. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.ady0210. PMC 12740198. PMID 41223250.
Gergely P, Grossman C, Niland B, et al. (January 2002). "Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 46 (1): 175–190. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<175::AID-ART10015>3.0.CO;2-H. PMC 4020417. PMID 11817589.
Monteith AJ, Kang S, Scott E, et al. (April 2016). "Defects in lysosomal maturation facilitate the activation of innate sensors in systemic lupus erythematosus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (15): E2142–E2151. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113E2142M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1513943113. PMC 4839468. PMID 27035940.
Kang S, Rogers JL, Monteith AJ, et al. (May 2016). "Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and Promotes Disease in Murine and Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Journal of Immunology. 196 (10): 4030–4039. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1500418. PMC 4868781. PMID 27059595.
Hakkim A, Fürnrohr BG, Amann K, et al. (May 2010). "Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (21): 9813–9818. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9813H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909927107. PMC 2906830. PMID 20439745.
Suárez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Tsokos GC (1 December 2016). "T cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Current Opinion in Immunology. Autoimmunity. 43: 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.001. PMC 5125867. PMID 27636649.
Poole BD, Schneider RI, Guthridge JM, et al. (March 2009). "Early targets of nuclear RNP humoral autoimmunity in human systemic lupus erythematosus". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 60 (3): 848–859. doi:10.1002/art.24306. PMC 2653589. PMID 19248110.
Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D, et al. (September 2019). "2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 71 (9): 1400–1412. doi:10.1002/art.40930. PMC 6827566. PMID 31385462.
Reich A, Marcinow K, Bialynicki-Birula R (January 2011). "The lupus band test in systemic lupus erythematosus patients". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 7: 27–32. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S10145. PMC 3039011. PMID 21339940.
Putterman C, Furie R, Ramsey-Goldman R, et al. (2014). "Cell-bound complement activation products in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with anti-double-stranded DNA and standard complement measurements". Lupus Science & Medicine. 1 (1) e000056. doi:10.1136/lupus-2014-000056. PMC 4225732. PMID 25396070.
O'Malley T, Xie F, Su Y, et al. (September 2022). "Complement activation products vs standard ANA testing: Treatment outcomes, diagnosis, and economic impact (CAPSTONE) in systemic lupus erythematosus". Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy. 28 (9): 1021–1032. doi:10.18553/jmcp.2022.22039. PMC 12101568. PMID 35775579.
Kuhn A, Bonsmann G, Anders HJ, et al. (19 June 2015). "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 112 (25): 423–432. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0423. PMC 4558874. PMID 26179016.
Sangle S, D'Cruz DP, Hughes GR (January 2005). "Livedo reticularis and pregnancy morbidity in patients negative for antiphospholipid antibodies". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 64 (1): 147–148. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.020743. PMC 1755191. PMID 15608315.
Hughes GR, Khamashta MA (December 2003). "Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 62 (12): 1127. doi:10.1136/ard.2003.006163. PMC 1754381. PMID 14644846.
Fernandes Moça Trevisani V, Castro AA, Ferreira Neves Neto J, et al. (February 2013). "Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (2) CD002265. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002265.pub3. PMC 6823222. PMID 23450535.
Suarez-Almazor ME, Belseck E, Shea B, et al. (23 October 2000). "Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (4) CD001157. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001157. PMC 8407281. PMID 11034702.
Cochat P, Fargue S, Mestrallet G, et al. (November 2009). "Disease recurrence in paediatric renal transplantation". Pediatric Nephrology. 24 (11): 2097–2108. doi:10.1007/s00467-009-1137-6. PMC 2753770. PMID 19247694.
Ünlü O, Zuily S, Erkan D (June 2016). "The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus". European Journal of Rheumatology. 3 (2): 75–84. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0085. PMC 5042235. PMID 27708976.
Singh RR, Yen EY (September 2018). "SLE mortality remains disproportionately high, despite improvements over the last decade". Lupus. 27 (10): 1577–1581. doi:10.1177/0961203318786436. PMC 6082727. PMID 30016928.
Pons-Estel GJ, Alarcón GS, Scofield L, et al. (February 2010). "Understanding the epidemiology and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 39 (4): 257–268. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.10.007. PMC 2813992. PMID 19136143.
Yelin E, Yazdany J, Tonner C, et al. (March 2015). "Interactions between patients, providers, and health systems and technical quality of care". Arthritis Care & Research. 67 (3): 417–424. doi:10.1002/acr.22427. PMC 4320034. PMID 25132660.
Mousavi MJ, Mahmoudi M, Ghotloo S (2020). "Escape from X chromosome inactivation and female bias of autoimmune diseases". Molecular Medicine. 26 (1) 127: 127. doi:10.1186/s10020-020-00256-1. PMC 7727198. PMID 33297945.
Dou DR, Zhao Y, Belk JA, et al. (2024). "Xist ribonucleoproteins promote female sex-biased autoimmunity". Cell. 187 (3): 733–749.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.037. PMC 10949934. PMID 38306984.
Justiz Vaillant AA, Varacallo M (2019). "article-24526". Lupus Erythematosus. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30571026. Retrieved 21 December 2019.

niams.nih.gov

"Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". niams.nih.gov. US: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health. February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
"Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
"Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". niams.nih.gov. US: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health. August 2003. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007.

nlm.nih.gov

"LE cell test". Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 6 October 2006.

patient.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Methotrexate - Maxtrex, Metoject. Side effects and dosage". patient.info. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

dictionary.reference.com

"Definition in Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.

rheum-live.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Neuwelt CM, Young RG (April 2009). "Managing neuropsychiatric lupus: top 10 clinical pearls: clinical judgment and experience must prevail". The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 26 (4): 127–129, 132–135. Gale A199465260.

rheumatology.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Article on the classification of rheumatic diseases". Rheumatology.org. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
"Revision of Rheumatology.org's diagnostic criteria". Rheumatology.org. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.

rochester.edu (Global: 2,816^th place; English: 1,888^th place)

urmc.rochester.edu

"Complement C3 (Blood)". Health Encyclopedia. University of Rochester Medical Center. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016 – via urmc.rochester.edu.

sc.edu (Global: 5,498^th place; English: 3,224^th place)

pathmicro.med.sc.edu

"University of South Carolina School of Medicine lecture notes, Immunology, Hypersensitivity reactions. General discussion of hypersensitivity, not specific to SLE". Pathmicro.med.sc.edu. 7 July 2010. Archived from the original on 3 August 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

Couzin-Franke J (6 March 2019). "Genetically engineered immune cells wipe out lupus in mice". Science. AAAS. Retrieved 8 May 2019.

termedia.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

neurology.termedia.pl

Honczarenko K, Budzianowska A, Ostanek L (2008). "Neurological syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with antiphospholipid syndrome". Neurologia I Neurochirurgia Polska. 42 (6): 513–517. PMID 19235104. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2009.

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251^st place; English: 1,161^st place)

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

thefreedictionary.com > neonatal lupus Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Copyright 2007

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Sample I (15 September 2022). "Scientists hail autoimmune disease therapy breakthrough". the Guardian. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

theodora.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in Lupus Central Station, sourced from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services". Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

logeion.uchicago.edu

"lupus". Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources – via Logeion.

uklupus.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lupus site (SLE)". Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2009.

uptodate.com (Global: 4,645^th place; English: 3,353^rd place)

uptodate.com

Gladman D (10 September 2015). "Overview of the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults". UpToDate. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.

patients.uptodate.com

"UpToDate Patient information article on DNA antibodies". Patients.uptodate.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2011.

utah.edu (Global: 2,766^th place; English: 1,555^th place)

healthcare.utah.edu

"Lupus, 'The Great Imitator'". healthcare.utah.edu. University of Utah Health. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2009.

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

"The Male Faces of Lupus". Vice.com. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2023.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Rosenberg A (2 February 2016). "To understand Michael Jackson and his skin, you have to go beyond race". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 September 2019.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". niams.nih.gov. US: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health. February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
Shiel WC Jr (30 January 2009). Stöppler MC (ed.). "Systemic Lupus (cont.)". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 20 December 2009.
"Lupus, 'The Great Imitator'". healthcare.utah.edu. University of Utah Health. Archived from the original on 15 January 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
"Lupus: Symptoms — MayoClinic.com". Archived from the original on 14 July 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
Gladman D (10 September 2015). "Overview of the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults". UpToDate. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
"Joint and Muscle Pain". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007.
"General Pathology Images for Immunopathology". Archived from the original on 10 May 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.
Honczarenko K, Budzianowska A, Ostanek L (2008). "Neurological syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with antiphospholipid syndrome". Neurologia I Neurochirurgia Polska. 42 (6): 513–517. PMID 19235104. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
"Lupus site (SLE)". Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
Jump RL, Robinson ME, Armstrong AE, et al. (September 2005). "Fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus: contributions of disease activity, pain, depression, and perceived social support". The Journal of Rheumatology. 32 (9): 1699–1705. PMID 16142863. Archived from the original on 16 August 2007.
Rubin RL. "Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 13 October 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
"University of South Carolina School of Medicine lecture notes, Immunology, Hypersensitivity reactions. General discussion of hypersensitivity, not specific to SLE". Pathmicro.med.sc.edu. 7 July 2010. Archived from the original on 3 August 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
"Complement C3 (Blood)". Health Encyclopedia. University of Rochester Medical Center. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016 – via urmc.rochester.edu.
"LE cell test". Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 6 October 2006.
"Article on the classification of rheumatic diseases". Rheumatology.org. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
"Revision of Rheumatology.org's diagnostic criteria". Rheumatology.org. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
"UpToDate Patient information article on DNA antibodies". Patients.uptodate.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
"Common Symptoms of Lupus". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
"FDA approves first new lupus drug in 56 years". fda.gov (Press release). US: Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
"FDA Alert: Mycophenolate Mofetil (marketed as CellCept) and Mycophenolic Acid (marketed as Myfortic)". fda.gov. US: Food and Drug Administration. 16 May 2008. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010.
"Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
"Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in Lupus Central Station, sourced from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services". Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
"Handout on Health: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". niams.nih.gov. US: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health. August 2003. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007.
"Prognosis and a Hopeful Future". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
"OMHD | AMH | Factsheets | Lupus". Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
"What is the history of lupus?". lupus.org. Lupus Foundation of America. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
"Definition in Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
"โรคพุ่มพวง โรคลูปัส โรคเอสแอลอี Lupus SLE - หาหมอ.com". 1 June 2019. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
"Toni Braxton is a fighter of Lupus". Heal Good. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

Lupus (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251st place; English: 248th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dramaofsocial.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fda.gov (Global: 470th place; English: 329th place)

gale.com (Global: 914th place; English: 441st place)

go.gale.com

haamor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

heal-good.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hopkinslupus.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

iupui.edu (Global: 9,842nd place; English: 5,936th place)

erl.pathology.iupui.edu

jrheum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kuleuven.be (Global: 4,526th place; English: 3,942nd place)

lirias.kuleuven.be

lupus.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

lupus.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

mayoclinic.com (Global: 6,290th place; English: 5,965th place)

medicinenet.com (Global: 6,975th place; English: 7,170th place)

metro.co.uk (Global: 534th place; English: 334th place)

musculoskeletalnetwork.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

newatlas.com (Global: 5,974th place; English: 3,758th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

niams.nih.gov

nlm.nih.gov

patient.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

reference.com (Global: 1,491st place; English: 1,468th place)

dictionary.reference.com

rheum-live.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

rheumatology.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

rochester.edu (Global: 2,816th place; English: 1,888th place)

urmc.rochester.edu

sc.edu (Global: 5,498th place; English: 3,224th place)

pathmicro.med.sc.edu

science.org (Global: 1,007th place; English: 665th place)

termedia.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

neurology.termedia.pl

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251st place; English: 1,161st place)

medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

theodora.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

logeion.uchicago.edu

uklupus.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

uptodate.com (Global: 4,645th place; English: 3,353rd place)

uptodate.com

patients.uptodate.com

utah.edu (Global: 2,766th place; English: 1,555th place)

healthcare.utah.edu

vice.com (Global: 247th place; English: 175th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; English: 24th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

gale.com (Global: 914^th place; English: 441^st place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

iupui.edu (Global: 9,842^nd place; English: 5,936^th place)

kuleuven.be (Global: 4,526^th place; English: 3,942^nd place)

mayoclinic.com (Global: 6,290^th place; English: 5,965^th place)

medicinenet.com (Global: 6,975^th place; English: 7,170^th place)

metro.co.uk (Global: 534^th place; English: 334^th place)

newatlas.com (Global: 5,974^th place; English: 3,758^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

rochester.edu (Global: 2,816^th place; English: 1,888^th place)

sc.edu (Global: 5,498^th place; English: 3,224^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

thefreedictionary.com (Global: 1,251^st place; English: 1,161^st place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

uptodate.com (Global: 4,645^th place; English: 3,353^rd place)

utah.edu (Global: 2,766^th place; English: 1,555^th place)

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)