Lydia (English Wikipedia)

Payne, Annick. "The Lydian Empire".
Dale, Alexander (2015). "WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings". Kadmos. 54: 151–166. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008. S2CID 165043567. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
Rollinger, Robert (2003). "The Western Expansion of the Median 'Empire': A Re-Examination". In Lanfranchi, Giovanni B.; Roaf, Michael; Rollinger, Robert (eds.). Continuity of Empire (?) Assyria, Media, Persia. Padua: S.a.r.g.o.n. Editrice e Libreria. pp. 1–12. ISBN 978-9-990-93968-2.
Payne 2019, p. 231. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 236. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 231-231. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 232. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 240. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 237. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 243. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 242. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 244. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.
Payne 2019, p. 235. Payne, Annick (2019). "Native Religious Traditions from a Lydian Perspective". In Blakely, Sandra; Collins, Billie Jean (eds.). Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Studies in Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Vol. 2. Atlanta, United States: Lockwood Press. pp. 231–248. ISBN 978-1-948-48816-7.

achemenet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

KORAY KONUK. "ASIA MINOR TO THE IONIAN REVOLT" (PDF). Achemenet.com. Retrieved 12 March 2022.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Silvia Ghirotto; Francesca Tassi; Erica Fumagalli; Vincenza Colonna; Anna Sandionigi; Martina Lari; Stefania Vai; Emmanuele Petiti; Giorgio Corti; Ermanno Rizzi; Gianluca De Bellis; David Caramelli; Guido Barbujani (6 February 2013). "Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans' mtDNA". PLOS ONE. 8 (2) e55519. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855519G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055519. PMC 3566088. PMID 23405165.
Antonio, Margaret L.; Gao, Ziyue; M. Moots, Hannah (2019). "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean". Science. 366 (6466). Washington D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science (published 8 November 2019): 708–714. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..708A. doi:10.1126/science.aay6826. hdl:2318/1715466. PMC 7093155. PMID 31699931. Interestingly, although Iron Age individuals were sampled from both Etruscan (n=3) and Latin (n=6) contexts, we did not detect any significant differences between the two groups with f4 statistics in the form of f4(RMPR_Etruscan, RMPR_Latin; test population, Onge), suggesting shared origins or extensive genetic exchange between them.
Posth, Cosimo; Zaro, Valentina; Spyrou, Maria A. (24 September 2021). "The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect". Science Advances. 7 (39) eabi7673. Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.7673P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi7673. PMC 8462907. PMID 34559560.

allaboutturkey.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lydia – All About Turkey". Allaboutturkey.com.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Grousset 1970, p. 9 Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 9. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
Moser, Mary E. (1996). "The origins of the Etruscans: new evidence for an old question". In Hall, John Franklin (ed.). Etruscan Italy: Etruscan Influences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era. Provo, Utah: Museum of Art, Brigham Young University. pp. 29- 43. ISBN 0-8425-2334-0.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Metcalf, William E. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford University Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0-19-937218-8.
Grant, Michael (1987). The Rise of the Greeks. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-684-18536-1.
Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther, eds. (2014). The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization. Oxford Companions (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 291–292. ISBN 978-0-19-101675-2. Briquel's convincing demonstration that the famous story of an exodus, led by Tyrrhenus from Lydia to Italy, was a deliberate political fabrication created in the Hellenized milieu of the court at Sardis in the early 6th cent. bce..

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,421^st place; English: 1,087^th place)

"The origins of coinage". britishmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Bryce, Trevor (2011). "The Late Bronze Age in the West and the Aegean". In Steadman, Sharon; McMahon, Gregory (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0015.
Spalinger, Anthony J. (1978). "The Date of the Death of Gyges and Its Historical Implications". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 98 (4): 400–409. doi:10.2307/599752. JSTOR 599752. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
Spalinger, Anthony (1976). "Psammetichus, King of Egypt: I". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 13: 133–147. doi:10.2307/40001126. JSTOR 40001126. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
Dale, Alexander (2015). "WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings". Kadmos. 54: 151–166. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008. S2CID 165043567. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
Phillips, E. D. (1972). "The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture and Archaeology". World Archaeology. 4 (2): 129–138. doi:10.1080/00438243.1972.9979527. JSTOR 123971. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
Rollinger, Robert (2008). "The Median 'Empire', the End of Urartu and Cyrus the Great's Campaign in 547 BC". Ancient West & East. 7: 51–66. doi:10.2143/AWE.7.0.2033252. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
Robinson, E. (1951). "The Coins from the Ephesian Artemision Reconsidered". Journal of Hellenic Studies. 71: 159. doi:10.2307/628197. JSTOR 628197. S2CID 163067302.
Turfa, Jean MacIntosh (2017). "The Etruscans". In Farney, Gary D.; Bradley, Gary (eds.). The Peoples of Ancient Italy. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 637–672. doi:10.1515/9781614513001. ISBN 978-1-61451-520-3.
De Grummond, Nancy T. (2014). "Ethnicity and the Etruscans". In McInerney, Jeremy (ed.). A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 405–422. doi:10.1002/9781118834312. ISBN 978-1-4443-3734-1.
Silvia Ghirotto; Francesca Tassi; Erica Fumagalli; Vincenza Colonna; Anna Sandionigi; Martina Lari; Stefania Vai; Emmanuele Petiti; Giorgio Corti; Ermanno Rizzi; Gianluca De Bellis; David Caramelli; Guido Barbujani (6 February 2013). "Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans' mtDNA". PLOS ONE. 8 (2) e55519. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855519G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055519. PMC 3566088. PMID 23405165.
Francesca Tassi; Silvia Ghirotto; David Caramelli; Guido Barbujani; et al. (2013). "Genetic evidence does not support an Etruscan origin in Anatolia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 152 (1): 11–18. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22319. PMID 23900768.
Antonio, Margaret L.; Gao, Ziyue; M. Moots, Hannah (2019). "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean". Science. 366 (6466). Washington D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science (published 8 November 2019): 708–714. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..708A. doi:10.1126/science.aay6826. hdl:2318/1715466. PMC 7093155. PMID 31699931. Interestingly, although Iron Age individuals were sampled from both Etruscan (n=3) and Latin (n=6) contexts, we did not detect any significant differences between the two groups with f4 statistics in the form of f4(RMPR_Etruscan, RMPR_Latin; test population, Onge), suggesting shared origins or extensive genetic exchange between them.
Posth, Cosimo; Zaro, Valentina; Spyrou, Maria A. (24 September 2021). "The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect". Science Advances. 7 (39) eabi7673. Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.7673P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi7673. PMC 8462907. PMID 34559560.
Euler, Katrin; Sasseville, David (1 April 2019). "Die Identität des lydischen Qλdãns und seine kulturgeschichtlichen Folgen". Kadmos. 58 (1–2): 125–156. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2019-0007. ISSN 1613-0723.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Leloux, Kevin (2018). La Lydie d'Alyatte et Crésus: Un royaume à la croisée des cités grecques et des monarchies orientales. Recherches sur son organisation interne et sa politique extérieure (PDF) (PhD). Vol. 1. University of Liège. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Leloux, Kevin (2018). La Lydie d'Alyatte et Crésus: Un royaume à la croisée des cités grecques et des monarchies orientales. Recherches sur son organisation interne et sa politique extérieure (PDF) (PhD). Vol. 2. University of Liège. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Leloux, Kevin (December 2016). "The Battle of the Eclipse". Polemos: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research on War and Peace. 19 (2). Polemos. hdl:2268/207259. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
Antonio, Margaret L.; Gao, Ziyue; M. Moots, Hannah (2019). "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean". Science. 366 (6466). Washington D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science (published 8 November 2019): 708–714. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..708A. doi:10.1126/science.aay6826. hdl:2318/1715466. PMC 7093155. PMID 31699931. Interestingly, although Iron Age individuals were sampled from both Etruscan (n=3) and Latin (n=6) contexts, we did not detect any significant differences between the two groups with f4 statistics in the form of f4(RMPR_Etruscan, RMPR_Latin; test population, Onge), suggesting shared origins or extensive genetic exchange between them.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

"CROESUS – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 28 September 2020.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Spalinger, Anthony J. (1978). "The Date of the Death of Gyges and Its Historical Implications". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 98 (4): 400–409. doi:10.2307/599752. JSTOR 599752. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
Spalinger, Anthony (1976). "Psammetichus, King of Egypt: I". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 13: 133–147. doi:10.2307/40001126. JSTOR 40001126. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
Phillips, E. D. (1972). "The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture and Archaeology". World Archaeology. 4 (2): 129–138. doi:10.1080/00438243.1972.9979527. JSTOR 123971. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
Evans, J. A. S. (1978). "What Happened to Croesus?". The Classical Journal. 74 (1): 34–40. JSTOR 3296933. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
Robinson, E. (1951). "The Coins from the Ephesian Artemision Reconsidered". Journal of Hellenic Studies. 71: 159. doi:10.2307/628197. JSTOR 628197. S2CID 163067302.

livius.org (Global: 2,150^th place; English: 2,305^th place)

Lendering, Jona (2003). "Alyattes of Lydia". Livius. Retrieved 7 May 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Silvia Ghirotto; Francesca Tassi; Erica Fumagalli; Vincenza Colonna; Anna Sandionigi; Martina Lari; Stefania Vai; Emmanuele Petiti; Giorgio Corti; Ermanno Rizzi; Gianluca De Bellis; David Caramelli; Guido Barbujani (6 February 2013). "Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans' mtDNA". PLOS ONE. 8 (2) e55519. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855519G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055519. PMC 3566088. PMID 23405165.
Francesca Tassi; Silvia Ghirotto; David Caramelli; Guido Barbujani; et al. (2013). "Genetic evidence does not support an Etruscan origin in Anatolia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 152 (1): 11–18. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22319. PMID 23900768.
Antonio, Margaret L.; Gao, Ziyue; M. Moots, Hannah (2019). "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean". Science. 366 (6466). Washington D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science (published 8 November 2019): 708–714. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..708A. doi:10.1126/science.aay6826. hdl:2318/1715466. PMC 7093155. PMID 31699931. Interestingly, although Iron Age individuals were sampled from both Etruscan (n=3) and Latin (n=6) contexts, we did not detect any significant differences between the two groups with f4 statistics in the form of f4(RMPR_Etruscan, RMPR_Latin; test population, Onge), suggesting shared origins or extensive genetic exchange between them.
Posth, Cosimo; Zaro, Valentina; Spyrou, Maria A. (24 September 2021). "The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect". Science Advances. 7 (39) eabi7673. Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.7673P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi7673. PMC 8462907. PMID 34559560.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Silvia Ghirotto; Francesca Tassi; Erica Fumagalli; Vincenza Colonna; Anna Sandionigi; Martina Lari; Stefania Vai; Emmanuele Petiti; Giorgio Corti; Ermanno Rizzi; Gianluca De Bellis; David Caramelli; Guido Barbujani (6 February 2013). "Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans' mtDNA". PLOS ONE. 8 (2) e55519. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855519G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055519. PMC 3566088. PMID 23405165.
Antonio, Margaret L.; Gao, Ziyue; M. Moots, Hannah (2019). "Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean". Science. 366 (6466). Washington D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science (published 8 November 2019): 708–714. Bibcode:2019Sci...366..708A. doi:10.1126/science.aay6826. hdl:2318/1715466. PMC 7093155. PMID 31699931. Interestingly, although Iron Age individuals were sampled from both Etruscan (n=3) and Latin (n=6) contexts, we did not detect any significant differences between the two groups with f4 statistics in the form of f4(RMPR_Etruscan, RMPR_Latin; test population, Onge), suggesting shared origins or extensive genetic exchange between them.
Posth, Cosimo; Zaro, Valentina; Spyrou, Maria A. (24 September 2021). "The origin and legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year archeogenomic time transect". Science Advances. 7 (39) eabi7673. Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.7673P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi7673. PMC 8462907. PMID 34559560.

openedition.org (Global: 366^th place; English: 883^rd place)

books.openedition.org

Hutter 2017, p. 118. Hutter, Manfred (2017). "Kubaba in the Hittite Empire and the Consequences for her Expansion to Western Anatolia". L'hittitologie aujourd'hui: Études sur l'Anatolie hittite et néo-hittite à l'occasion du centenaire de la naissance d'Emmanuel Laroche [Hittitology today: Studies on Hittite and Neo-Hittite Anatolia in Honor of Emmanuel Laroche's 100th Birthday]. Istanbul, Turkey: Institut français d'études anatoliennes. pp. 113–122. ISBN 978-2-362-45083-9.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Rollinger, Robert (2008). "The Median 'Empire', the End of Urartu and Cyrus the Great's Campaign in 547 BC". Ancient West & East. 7: 51–66. doi:10.2143/AWE.7.0.2033252. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

sardisexpedition.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Roosevelt, Christopher (2010). "Lydia before the Lydians". The Lydians and Their World.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Dale, Alexander (2015). "WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings". Kadmos. 54: 151–166. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008. S2CID 165043567. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
Robinson, E. (1951). "The Coins from the Ephesian Artemision Reconsidered". Journal of Hellenic Studies. 71: 159. doi:10.2307/628197. JSTOR 628197. S2CID 163067302.

uliege.be (Global: 7,009^th place; English: 7,357^th place)

orbi.uliege.be

Leloux, Kevin (2018). La Lydie d'Alyatte et Crésus: Un royaume à la croisée des cités grecques et des monarchies orientales. Recherches sur son organisation interne et sa politique extérieure (PDF) (PhD). Vol. 1. University of Liège. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Leloux, Kevin (2018). La Lydie d'Alyatte et Crésus: Un royaume à la croisée des cités grecques et des monarchies orientales. Recherches sur son organisation interne et sa politique extérieure (PDF) (PhD). Vol. 2. University of Liège. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
Leloux, Kevin (December 2016). "The Battle of the Eclipse". Polemos: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research on War and Peace. 19 (2). Polemos. hdl:2268/207259. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

uzh.ch (Global: 1,380^th place; English: 1,488^th place)

zora.uzh.ch

Ivantchik 1993, p. 95-125. Ivantchik, Askold (1993). Les Cimmériens au Proche-Orient [The Cimmerians in the Near East] (PDF) (in French). Fribourg, Switzerland; Göttingen, Germany: Éditions Universitaires (Switzerland); Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (Germany). ISBN 978-3-727-80876-0.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The origins of coinage". britishmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.

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Euler, Katrin; Sasseville, David (1 April 2019). "Die Identität des lydischen Qλdãns und seine kulturgeschichtlichen Folgen". Kadmos. 58 (1–2): 125–156. doi:10.1515/kadmos-2019-0007. ISSN 1613-0723.

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330^th place; English: 1,976^th place)

"Coinage". worldhistory.org.

Lydia (English Wikipedia)

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