References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Lynkestis" in the English version

auth.gr

ikee.lib.auth.gr

Hatzinikolaou 2007, p. 70 Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007). "Cults of Upper Macedonia". Didaktorika.gr. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

Hatzinikolaou 2007, p. 71 Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007). "Cults of Upper Macedonia". Didaktorika.gr. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

Hatzinikolaou 2007, p. 104 Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007). "Cults of Upper Macedonia". Didaktorika.gr. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

Hatzinikolaou 2007, p. 114 Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007). "Cults of Upper Macedonia". Didaktorika.gr. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

Hatzinikolaou 2007, p. 150 Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007). "Cults of Upper Macedonia". Didaktorika.gr. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

Hatzinikolaou 2007, p. 152 Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007). "Cults of Upper Macedonia". Didaktorika.gr. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

books.google.com

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 318: Lynkestis (or Lynkos), was the northernmost of the mountainous Upper Makedonian regions; Hatzopoulos 2020, p. 224: "Lynkos (Lynkestai), region and principality in Upper Macedonia"; Worthington 2014, p. 14: "Upper Macedonia, on the other hand, had a far harsher climate and was the highlands of the country. Here, Elimiotis (in the south), Orestis (to the west), and Lyncestis (to the northwest, by Lake Lychnitis) had been originally autonomous kingdoms"; Bowden 2014, p. 42: "Two men from the leading family of Lyncestis in Upper Macedonia"; Lane Fox 2011, p. 342; Salmon 2012, p. 220; Cartledge 2011, p. 227. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1. Hatzopoulos, M. B. (2020). Ancient Macedonia. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-071868-3. Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992986-3. Bowden, Hugh (2014). Alexander the Great: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-101636-3. Lane Fox, R. (2011). "Philip of Macedon: Accession, Ambitions, and Self-Presentation". In Lane Fox, R. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 335–366. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2. Salmon, J. B. (2012). Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. Cartledge, Paul (2011). Alexander the Great: The Truth Behind the Myth. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-330-47554-9.

Plant 2004, p. 43: "The kings of Lyncestae, however, were Greek-speaking, and claimed descent from the Bacchiadae, an important aristocratic Corinthian family." Plant, Ian Michael (2004). Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-80-613622-6.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 138: Although it was rather small, L. controlled a route into Central Makedonia that made it a corridor of Illyrian invasions into the Argead realm. (..) While evidence for L. during the rule of the Argeads is scarce, the few existing snippets indicate that its rulers were well connected with the Illyrians and frequently hostile to the Argeads Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1.

Worthington, Ian (12 March 2012). Alexander the Great: A Reader. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-136-64004-9.

Malkin, Irad (2001). Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity. Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-674-00662-1. Hecataeus calls the Eliminiotae, Orestae, Lyncastae, and Pelagones of Uppers Macedonia 'Molossian' and since Molossian inscriptions found at the sanctuary of Dodona are inscribed in a West Greek dialect, one would expect the Macedonians to have belonged to a West Greek linguistic Koinē that extended across much of northern and northwestern Greece

Hammond 1982, p. 266: "On crossing the Balkan chain, we find that Hecataeus called the Orestae 'a Molossian tribe' (F 107), and Strabo (434; cf. 326) probably derived from Hecataeus his belief that the Elimeotae, Lyncestae, and Pelagones, as well as the Orestae, were Epirotic or rather Molossian tribes before their incorporation by the Macedones into the Macedonian kingdom." Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "Chapter 40: Illyris, Epirus and Macedonia". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.

Hatzopoulos 2020, p. 12: "This legend was hardly compatible with Thucydides' (2.99) more sober narrative, however: 'So Sitalces' army was being mustered at Doberus and preparing to pass over the mountain crest and descend upon lower Macedonia, of which Perdiccas was ruler. For the Macedonian race includes also the Lyncestians, Elimiotes, and other tribes of the upper country, which, though in alliance with the nearer Macedonians and subject to them, have kings of their own; but the country by the sea which is now called Macedonia, was first acquired and made their kingdom by Alexander, the father of Perdiccas, and his forefathers, who were originally Temenidae from Argos'." Hatzopoulos, M. B. (2020). Ancient Macedonia. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-071868-3.

Hammond 1993, pp. 132–133: "Further, the tribes which Strabo termed "Epirotic" — Orestai, Tymphaioi, Elimiotai, Lynkestai and Pelagones — are likely to have spoken the same dialect as the Molossians, to whom they were in some sense related." Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). Studies Concerning Epirus and Macedonia Before Alexander. Amsterdam: Hakkert. ISBN 9789025610500.

D'Ercole 2020, p. 323: "This itinerary gave access to the prosperous mining districts of the hinterland, among these, the silver mine of Damastion, a still unidentified settlement in the Balkans, situated by Strabo (7-7.8) between the Illyrian tribes of Encheleii and Lyncestae. The cultural impact of the Corinthian colonies also reached the opposite" D'Ercole, Maria Cecilia (2020). "The Adriatic Sea and Region". In De Angelis, Franco (ed.). A Companion to Greeks Across the Ancient World. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 317–338. ISBN 978-1-118-27156-8.

Silberman & Zehnacker 2015, p. 190: "Lyncestae, population à majorité illyrienne (Liv. XLV, 30; Strab. VII, 7, 8), est traversée par l'Erigon (Crna Reka) et correspond à la partie est du lac Prespa et au nord de l'antique Eordaia" Silberman, Alain; Zehnacker, Hubert (2015). Pline L'Ancien. Histoire naturelle. Livre IV. Collection des universités de France (in French). Vol. 409. Les Belles Lettres. ISBN 978-2-251-01469-2.

Hammond 2014, pp. 480, 482; Mallios 2011, p. 37; Gabriel 2010, p. 40; Iordanidis, Garcia-Guinea & Karamitrou-Mentessidi 2007, pp. 1797–1798; Lewis & Boardman 1994, pp. 723–724; Borza 1992, p. 74. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (2014). "Macedonia". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization. OUP Oxford. pp. 480, 482. ISBN 978-0-19-101676-9. Mallios, Giorgos (2011). Myth and History: The Case of Ancient Macedonia. University of Thessaloniki. p. 146. Retrieved 27 May 2023. Gabriel, Richard A. (31 August 2010). Philip II of Macedonia: Greater Than Alexander. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59797-519-3. Iordanidis, A.; Garcia-Guinea, J.; Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G. (2007). "Characterisation of Mycenaean and matt-painted pottery from Alani, ancient upper Macedonia, Greece". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece. 40 (4): 1796. doi:10.12681/bgsg.17141. Retrieved 18 January 2024. Lewis, D.M.; Boardman, John (1994). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Fourth Century B.C. (Volume 6). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23348-4. Borza, Eugene N. (1992). In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00880-6.

Winter 2006, p. 32: "Als griechische Stämme sind in dem Gebiet die Bottiaier, Oresten, Elimioten, Pelagoner und Lynkester überliefert" Winter, Eva (2006). Stadtspuren: Zeugnisse zur Siedlungsgeschichte der Chalkidiki (in German). Reichert. ISBN 978-3-89500-558-9.

King 2017, p. 5 King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Lane Fox 2011, pp. 342, 610 Lane Fox, R. (2011). "Philip of Macedon: Accession, Ambitions, and Self-Presentation". In Lane Fox, R. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 335–366. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2.

Worthington 2008, p. 23–24. Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0.

Worthington 2014, p. 29. Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992986-3.

Karamitrou-Mentesidi 2011, p. 96 Karamitrou-Mentesidi, G. (2011). "Aiani Historica and Geographical Context". In Karamitrou, G. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 93–112. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2.

Beekes 2009, p. 875 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2009). Beek, Lucien van (ed.). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-32186-1.

Ducat 1994, p. 69. Ducat, Jean (1994). Les Pénestes de Thessalie. Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon. Centre de recherches d'histoire ancienne. Vol. 128. Presses Univ. Franche-Comté. ISBN 978-2-251-60512-8. ISSN 1625-0443.

Garlan 2010, p. 106. Garlan, Yvon (2010). Les esclaves en Grèce ancienne. Textes à l'appui / Histoire classique. La Découverte. ISBN 978-2-7071-5517-7.

King 2017, p. 5. King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Papazoglu 1988, p. 280 Papazoglu, Fanula (1988). Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine (in French). Greece: Ecole française d'Athènes. ISBN 978-2-86958-014-5.

Worthington 2008, p. 6 Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0.

King 2017, p. 6. King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Worthington 2014, p. 14. Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992986-3.

Roisman 2011, p. 74. Roisman, Joseph (2011). "Classical Macedonia to Perdiccas II". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 145–165. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.

Howe & Reames 2008, pp. 5–6: "Macedonia may rest in common ethnic and lingusitic affinities among most people of upper Macedonia. By the Bronze Age, Indo-Europeans prevailed in this region although there were exceptions, for example the Bryges. Differences in the closeness of affinity existed: the language of the Macedonians residing in lower and upper Macedonia appears to have come from the same limb of the Indo-European tree while that of more distant people—those of Thrace and Illyria—represented a different limb, albeit still Indo-European. In addition, the peoples of lower and upper Macedonia shared a common way of life in combining sedentary agriculture with transhumant pasturing. Geography furnished similar resources in the rivers and the riches of the mountains—wild animals, timber, and minerals. The history of settlement also created a common political life with personal leadership vested in a particular family. Recognition of these commonalities allowed the nominal confederacy of Elimeia, Orestis, Lynkestis, and Pelagonia with lower Macedonia during the kingship of Alexander I (498-454). It was fragile, as the assertion of independence by Lynkestis under its ruler Arrhabaios during the Peloponnesian War testifies (Thuc. 2.99.2). Renewed efforts to centralize the larger Macedonian area occurred during the reign of Archelaos (413-399) with centralization at Pella and fortification of the core that had been weakened by events in Greece following the end of the Peloponnesian War ... Incursion of the Illyrians in 360-59 may have been the main impetus for growing integration. Travelling to lower Macedonia had taken the Illyrian warriors through upper Macedonia to kingdoms west and north. Thus the Illyrians were a common enemy, distanced by language, as noted above, and also by way of life. Howe, Timothy; Reames, Jeanne (2008). Macedonian Legacies: Studies in Ancient Macedonian History and Culture in Honor of Eugene N. Borza. Regina Books. ISBN 978-1-930-05356-4.

Butler, Margaret Erwin (2008). Of Swords and Strigils: Social Change in Ancient Macedon. Stanford University. p. 46.

Greenwalt 2011, pp. 281–282. Greenwalt, William S. (2011). "Macedonia, Illyria and Epirus". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 279–305. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.

Butler, Margaret Erwin (2008). Of Swords and Strigils: Social Change in Ancient Macedon. Stanford University. p. 46. the Lyncestae... in the north were more of less independent tribes, suffering the occasional Illyrian invasion: Illyrians remained a constant threat from the early years of the Argead line right up into Philip's reign.

Champion 2014, p. 2. Champion, Jeff (11 September 2014). Antigonus the One-Eyed: Greatest of the Successors. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78303-042-2.

Worthington 2008, p. 6: "Upper Macedonia (west of Lower Macedonia), in which the Macedonian king had little influence, was an area of remote cantons inhabited mostly by different tribes, stretching up to the Illyrians. It comprised the areas of Tymphaea, Elimea, Orestis, Eordaea, Lyncus, Pelagonia and Derriopus." p. 13: "The Illyrians had dominated Upper Macedonia for centuries and had invaded the Lower areas frequently." Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0.

Billows, Richard A. (12 June 2018). Before and After Alexander: The Legend and Legacy of Alexander the Great. Abrams. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4683-1641-4. The Illyrians normally constituted more of a threat to raid and pillage upper Macedonia, rather than to occupy and dominate the realm

Errington 2002, p. 19 Errington, Robert Malcolm (2002). "Lyncus". In Hubert, Cancik; Schneider, Helmuth; Salazar, Christine F.; Orton, David E. (eds.). Brill's New Pauly: Lyd–Mine. Vol. 2. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12271-0.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 318: "There is no evidence that any Argead was able to conquer L. before Philip II in 358." Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1.

Billows 1995, p. 3: "To the west, the highland cantons of Macedonia itself—Eordaia, Elimea, Tymphaia, Orestis, Lynkos and Pelagonia—presented a major problem in their lack of loyalty to the Argead monarchy and the Macedonian state it represented. This disloyalty stemmed partly from the presence of non-Macedonian elements in the populations of these cantons—Epeirotic (Molossian) elements in Tymphaia and Orestis, Illyrian elements in Lynkos and Pelagonia—and partly from the rivalry of local dynastic families towards the Argeads.10 A strong Macedonia required the full integration of these cantons into the Macedonian state, which could only be achieved by subduing the local dynasties and/or reconciling them to Argead suzerainty, and stimulating among the population a sense of belonging to the Macedonian state." Billows, Richard A. (1995). Kings and Colonists: Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism. Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition. Vol. 22. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-10177-7.

Thomas 2010, p. 74. Thomas, Carol (2010). "The Physical Kingdom". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Wiley. pp. 65–80. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2. Retrieved 2024-01-24.

King 2024, p. 156. King, Karol J. (2024). "Macedonia". In Ogden, Daniel (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press. pp. 147–164. ISBN 9781108887427.

Karamitrou-Mentesidi 2011, pp. 109–110 Karamitrou-Mentesidi, G. (2011). "Aiani Historica and Geographical Context". In Karamitrou, G. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 93–112. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 318: "Recognizing L.'s autonomy in the time of → Perdikkas II, → Thucydides terms the regional dynast the "basileus of the Makedonian Lynkestians" (4.83.1): he was not a subject of the Argeads [...] The first ruler of L. to appear in our sources is Arrhabaios, son of Bomeros" Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1.

Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (7 July 2011). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 318. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1.

Psoma 2011, p. 117 Psoma, S. (2011). "The Kingdom of Macedonia and the Chalcidic League". In Lane Fox, R. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 113–136. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2.

Roisman 2011, p. 152. Roisman, Joseph (2011). "Classical Macedonia to Perdiccas II". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 145–165. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.

Roisman 2011, p. 156; Greenwalt 2011, p. 283; King 2017, pp. 55, 64. Roisman, Joseph (2011). "Classical Macedonia to Perdiccas II". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 145–165. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7. Greenwalt, William S. (2011). "Macedonia, Illyria and Epirus". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 279–305. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7. King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Hatzopoulos 2020, p. 134; Psoma 2011, p. 121; Worthington 2008, p. 245. Hatzopoulos, M. B. (2020). Ancient Macedonia. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-071868-3. Psoma, S. (2011). "The Kingdom of Macedonia and the Chalcidic League". In Lane Fox, R. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 113–136. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2. Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0.

King 2017, p. 55; Roisman 2011, p. 156 King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7. Roisman, Joseph (2011). "Classical Macedonia to Perdiccas II". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 145–165. ISBN 978-1-4443-5163-7.

King 2017, p. 55. King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Carney 2019, pp. 27–28; Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, pp. 87, 273; King 2017, pp. 57, 64; Carney & Müller 2020, p. 391; Müller 2021, p. 36; Palairet 2016, p. 29. Carney, Elizabeth D. (2019). Eurydice and the Birth of Macedonian Power. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-028054-3. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1. King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7. Carney, Elizabeth D.; Müller, Sabine (2020). The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-78398-2. Müller, Sabine (2021). "Political Marriage in Antiquity". In Mohammed, Jowan A.; Jacob, Frank (eds.). Marriage Discourses: Historical and Literary Perspectives on Gender Inequality and Patriarchic Exploitation. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 25–50. ISBN 978-3-11-075145-1. Palairet, Michael (2016). Macedonia: A Voyage through History. Vol. 1, (From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-8843-1.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 273; Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 273; King 2017, pp. 57, 64. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1. King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Palairet 2016, p. 29. Palairet, Michael (2016). Macedonia: A Voyage through History. Vol. 1, (From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-8843-1.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 273; Thomas 2008, pp. 70–71. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1. Thomas, Carol G. (2008). Alexander the Great in his World. Blackwell Ancient Lives. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-7828-0.

Worthington 2008, pp. 6, 13, 23–24. Worthington, Ian (2008). Philip II of Macedonia. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12079-0.

Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020, p. 138. Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020). Lexicon of Argead Makedonia. Frank & Timme GmbH. ISBN 978-3-7329-0405-1.

King 2024, pp. 156–157. King, Karol J. (2024). "Macedonia". In Ogden, Daniel (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press. pp. 147–164. ISBN 9781108887427.

Worthington 2014, p. 39. Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992986-3.

Lane Fox 2011, p. 343 Lane Fox, R. (2011). "Philip of Macedon: Accession, Ambitions, and Self-Presentation". In Lane Fox, R. (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Leiden: Brill. pp. 335–366. ISBN 978-90-04-20650-2.

King 2017, p. 73 King, Carol J. (2017). Ancient Macedonia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-82728-7.

Errington 1990, p. 242 Errington, Robert Malcolm (1 January 1990). A History of Macedonia. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06319-8.

Worthington 2014, p. 111. Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992986-3.

Worthington 2014, p. 122. Worthington, Ian (2014). By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992986-3.

Hammond 1982, p. 284. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "Chapter 40: Illyris, Epirus and Macedonia". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.

Šašel Kos 2005, p. 110. Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005). Appian and Illyricum. Narodni muzej Slovenije. ISBN 961616936X.

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Filos, Panagiotis (2018). "New Developments and Tradition in Epirus: The Creation of the Molossian State". Politics, Territory and Identity in Ancient Epirus. - ( Diabaseis; 8): 288. doi:10.1400/272094. ISBN 978-8846754158. Retrieved 18 January 2024. Strabo (Geogr. 7.7.1, 7.7.8) who wrote on the basis of previous historians, such as Hecataeus, Theopompus and others, points to 14 tribes instead, since one must also take into account here three more tribes (Λυγκησταί, Πελαγόνες, Ἐλιμιῶται) which most classical and contemporary authors considered Macedonian.

Dzino 2014, p. 49 Dzino, Danijel (2014). "'Illyrians' in ancient ethnographic discourse". Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. 40 (2): 45–65. doi:10.3917/dha.402.0045.

Iordanidis, Garcia-Guinea & Karamitrou-Mentessidi 2007, pp. 1797–1798: "Scholars both earlier and modern believe it was manufactured by the northwestern Greek tribes, Herodotus's 'widely roaming nation' (1.56). He includes among these the Macedonians and the Dorians, who, he says, traveled from the south northwards and also settled in the Pindos." Iordanidis, A.; Garcia-Guinea, J.; Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G. (2007). "Characterisation of Mycenaean and matt-painted pottery from Alani, ancient upper Macedonia, Greece". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece. 40 (4): 1796. doi:10.12681/bgsg.17141. Retrieved 18 January 2024.

Hammond 1966, p. 244. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1966). "The Kingdoms in Illyria circa 400-167 B.C.". The Annual of the British School at Athens. 61. British School at Athens: 239–253. doi:10.1017/S0068245400019043. JSTOR 30103175. S2CID 164155370.

Hammond, N. G. L. (1995). "Connotations of 'Macedonia' and of 'Macedones' Until 323 B. C.". The Classical Quarterly. 45 (1): 125–126. doi:10.1017/S0009838800041744. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 639722. S2CID 170892987.

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