M23 offensive (2022–present) (English Wikipedia)

Bendhaou, Fatma (15 December 2024). "RDC-Rwanda-Angola: Le sommet tripartite entre les présidents Tshisekedi, Kagame et Lourenço annulé" [DRC-Rwanda-Angola: Tripartite summit between Presidents Tshisekedi, Kagame and Lourenço cancelled]. Aa.com.tr (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Mulegwa, Pascal (27 February 2023). "Congolese M23 rebels seize major mining town of Rubaya". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
Mulegwa, Pascal (28 January 2025). "RDC: violentes manifestations devant des ambassades à Kinshasa" [DRC: Violent demonstrations in front of embassies in Kinshasa]. Aa.com.tr (in French). Retrieved 29 January 2025.

actualite.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

"RDC: dans les hauts plateaux d'Uvira, l'AFC/M23 prend le contrôle des villages après l'allégeance d'un groupe des wazalendo" [DRC: In the Uvira highlands, the AFC/M23 takes control of villages after the allegiance of a Wazalendo group]. Actualite.cd (in French). 13 March 2025. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
"Tripartite annulée à Luanda: Kagame absent, sommet réduit à un bilatéral Tshisekedi-Lourenço" [Tripartite cancelled in Luanda: Kagame absent, summit reduced to a bilateral Tshisekedi-Lourenço]. Actualite.cd (in French). 15 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Kombi, Jonathan (14 January 2025). "Masisi: FARDC et M23 s'affrontent autour de Ngungu ce mardi" [Masisi: FARDC and M23 clash around Ngungu this Tuesday]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Kombi, Jonathan (14 January 2025). "Rutshuru: combat signalé entre le M23 et les miliciens wazalendo à Tongo" [Rutshuru: fighting reported between M23 and Wazalendo militiamen in Tongo]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Mutanava, Joshua (15 January 2025). "Nord-Kivu: Poursuite des combats entre les FARDC et le M23 à Luofu dans le Lubero" [North Kivu: Fighting continues between the FARDC and the M23 in Luofu in Lubero]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Kombi, Jonathan (17 January 2025). "Rutshuru: le bilan des civils tués en représailles par le M23 à Kihondo passe de 7 à 9 morts" [Rutshuru: the number of civilians killed in reprisals by the M23 in Kihondo rises from 7 to 9 dead]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Mutanava, Joshua (20 January 2025). "RDC: nouveaux combats entre les FARDC et le M23 près de Sake" [DRC: new fighting between the FARDC and the M23 near Sake]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: le M23 s'empare de la cité de Minova au Sud-Kivu" [DRC: M23 seizes the city of Minova in South Kivu]. Actualite.cd (in French). 21 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Mutanava, Joshua (21 January 2025). "RDC: symbole de la résistance depuis des mois, la localité côtière de Bwerema passe sous contrôle du M23" [DRC: Symbol of resistance for months, the coastal town of Bwerema comes under the control of the M23]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Mwamba, Justin (22 January 2025). "Sud-Kivu: un calme précaire sur différents fronts à Kalehe au lendemain d'intenses combats entre FARDC et M23" [South Kivu: Precarious calm on different fronts in Kalehe following intense fighting between FARDC and M23]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Kombi, Jonathan; Kapinga, Yvonne (23 January 2025). "RDC: intenses combats entre l'armée et le M23 pour le contrôle de Sake" [DRC: Intense fighting between the army and the M23 for control of Sake]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: alors que les combats font rage, l'Afrique du Sud dépêche sa ministre de la défense pour visiter la SANDF qui combat le M23 dans l'est" [DRC: As fighting rages, South Africa dispatches its defense minister to visit the SANDF fighting the M23 in the east]. Actualite.cd (in French). 23 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: la MONUSCO se mobilise autour de Sake et Goma face au M23, mais absente à Minova (Sud-Kivu) faute de mandat" [DRC: MONUSCO mobilizes around Sake and Goma against the M23, but absent in Minova (South Kivu) due to lack of mandate]. Actualite.cd (in French). 23 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Mutanava, Joshua (23 January 2025). "RDC: Intensification des combats entre l'armée et le M23 dans le territoire de Nyiragongo ce jeudi" [DRC: Intensification of fighting between the army and the M23 in the territory of Nyiragongo this Thursday]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: Neuf Casques bleus blessés lors des affrontements avec le M23/RDF" [DRC: Nine Blue Helmets Injured During Clashes with M23/RDF]. Actualite.cd (in French). 24 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: Décès confirmé du gouverneur militaire du Nord-Kivu Peter Cirimwami atteint par balle au front contre le M23" [DRC: Confirmed death of North Kivu military governor Peter Cirimwami shot in the forehead against M23]. Actualite.cd (in French). 24 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: Tirs sporadiques dans certains quartiers de Goma, situation toujours confuse- Le point à 23h (heure locale)" [DRC: Sporadic shooting in some districts of Goma, situation still confused – Update at 11 p.m. (local time)]. Actualite.cd (in French). 26 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: Trois soldats malawites tués dans des affrontements avec le M23/RDF" [DRC: Three Malawian soldiers killed in clashes with M23/RDF]. Actualite.cd (in French). 25 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: neuf soldats sud-africains tués dans les combats contre le M23/RDF, la SANDF annonce avoir stoppé leur avancée" [DRC: Nine South African soldiers killed in fighting against M23/RDF, SANDF announces having stopped their advance]. Actualite.cd (in French). 25 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"RDC: Goma toujours tenu par les FARDC – Situation 19H00 (heure locale)" [DRC: Goma still held by the FARDC – Situation 7:00 p.m. (local time)]. Actualite.cd (in French). 26 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
"RDC : Goma toujours tenu par les FARDC – Situation 19H00 (heure locale)" [DRC: Goma still held by FARDC – Situation 7 p.m. (local time)]. Actualite.cd (in French). 25 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
"Ramaphosa et Kagame s'accordent sur la nécessité urgente d'un cessez-le-feu, selon la présidence sud-africaine" [Ramaphosa, Kagame agree on urgent need for ceasefire, says South African presidency]. Actualite.cd (in French). 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
"Kinshasa: Manifestations devant l'ambassade des États-Unis, écoles fermées, transport perturbé". Actualite.cd (in French). 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
"Kinshasa: le Kenya condamne les attaques contre son ambassade et appelle au respect du droit international" [Kinshasa: Kenya condemns attacks on its embassy and calls for respect for international law]. Actualite.cd (in French). 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
Mesa, Jonathan (30 January 2025). "Agression rwandaise: Félix Tshisekedi lance une mobilisation générale et appelle à un enrôlement massif dans les rangs des FARDC" [Rwandan aggression: Félix Tshisekedi launches general mobilization and calls for mass enrollment in the ranks of the FARDC]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 30 January 2025.
"RDC: le M23 signalé dans les villages de Kiniezire et de Mukwidja (Kalehe)" [DRC: M23 reported in the villages of Kiniezire and Mukwidja (Kalehe)]. Actualite.cd (in French). 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
"Sud-Kivu: Violents affrontements entre FARDC et M23 à Kalangala" [South Kivu: Violent clashes between FARDC and M23 in Kalangala]. Actualite.cd (in French). 30 January 2025. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
"Sud-Kivu/M23: le village Mukwidja repris par l'armée" [South Kivu/M23: Mukwidja village retaken by the army]. Actualite.cd (in French). 31 January 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
"RDC: un haut gradé des FARDC tué dans les combats contre les RDF et le M23, annonce l'armée" [DRC: High-ranking FARDC officer killed in fighting against RDF and M23, army announces]. Actualite.cd (in French). 2 February 2025. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
"M23 au Sud-Kivu: le combat est concentré à Nyamasasa, la ville de Bukavu se trouve loin de danger, selon l'ATA de Kalehe" [M23 in South Kivu: the fight is concentrated in Nyamasasa, the city of Bukavu is far from danger, according to the ATA of Kalehe]. Actualite.cd (in French). 4 February 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2025.
"Sud-Kivu: les rebelles du M23 se renforcent à Kabugizi et Murambi, alerte la société civile locale" [South Kivu: M23 rebels gain strength in Kabugizi and Murambi, warns local civil society]. Actualite.cd (in French). 4 February 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2025.
Sengenya, Claude (11 February 2025). "RDC: reprise des combats sur le front de Lubero au lendemain d'une attaque meurtrière à la bombe larguée par le M23" [DRC: Fighting resumes on the Lubero front the day after a deadly bomb attack dropped by the M23]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 11 February 2025.
Muamba, Clement (12 February 2025). "Sud-Kivu: au moins 30 000 personnes en provenance des villages situés sur le littoral de Minova se sont déplacées et les affrontements à Nyabibwe a suscité de vives inquiétudes parmi les habitants de Bukavu conduisant à la suspension des cours (OCHA)" [South Kivu: At least 30,000 people from villages on the coast of Minova have been displaced and clashes in Nyabibwe have raised serious concerns among residents of Bukavu leading to the suspension of classes (OCHA)]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 12 February 2025.
"RDC: présence de combattants de l'AFC/M23 à Kalehe-centre et Ihusi, le gouvernement dénonce une violation du cessez-le-feu et accuse ce groupe de recevoir des renforts" [DRC: Presence of AFC/M23 fighters in Kalehe-centre and Ihusi, the government denounces a violation of the ceasefire and accuses this group of receiving reinforcements]. Actualite.cd (in French). 12 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
"RDC-Kalehe: poursuite des combats ce jeudi entre les FARDC et le M23 dans la localité de Chofi" [DRC-Kalehe: fighting continues this Thursday between the FARDC and the M23 in the locality of Chofi]. Actualite.cd (in French). 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
Maki, Patrick (14 February 2025). "RDC: Kabamba et Katana, des entités du territoire de Kabare conquises par les rebelles de l'AFC/M23" [DRC: Kabamba and Katana, entities of the Kabare territory conquered by the AFC/M23 rebels]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 15 February 2025.
"RDC: situé à une trentaine de kilomètres de Bukavu, l'aéroport de Kavumu passe sous contrôle de la rébellion de l'AFC/M23" [DRC: located around thirty kilometers from Bukavu, Kavumu airport comes under the control of the AFC/M23 rebellion]. Actualite.cd (in French). 14 February 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
Lukombo, Samyr (17 February 2025). "Occupation de Bukavu par le M23/AFC: Le Burundi dit avoir accueilli environ 10 000 réfugiés congolais fuyant l'avancée des rebelles" [M23/AFC occupation of Bukavu: Burundi says it has taken in around 10,000 Congolese refugees fleeing rebel advance]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 17 February 2025.
"M23 au Nord-Kivu: reprise des hostilités sur plusieurs lignes de Lubero Sud, des déplacements massifs vers Lubero-centre". Actualite.cd (in French). 18 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
"Affrontements FARDC-Wazalendo à Uvira: une dizaine de morts signalés, la ville plongée dans une psychose généralisée" [FARDC-Wazalendo clashes in Uvira: around ten deaths reported, the city plunged into general psychosis]. Actualite.cd (in French). 19 February 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
"Situation tendue à Uvira: MSF alerte sur l'urgence de protéger des civils, la mission médicale et l'accès humanitaire" [Tense situation in Uvira: MSF warns of the urgency of protecting civilians, the medical mission and humanitarian access]. Actualite.cd (in French). 19 February 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
"RDC: les rebelles de l'AFC/M23 sont arrivés à Sange dans la plaine de la Ruzizi" [DRC: AFC/M23 rebels have arrived in Sange in the Ruzizi plain]. Actualite.cd (in French). 19 February 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
"RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi" [DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight]. Actualite.cd (in French). 14 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
"Walungu: FARDC et M23 s'affrontent à Bwahungu et Muzinzi" [Walungu: FARDC and M23 clash in Bwahungu and Muzinzi]. Actualite.cd (in French). 1 March 2025. Retrieved 1 March 2025.
"Sud-Kivu: violents combats entre Twirwaneho/M23 et Wazalendo à Mwenga" [South Kivu: heavy fighting between Twirwaneho/M23 and Wazalendo in Mwenga]. Actualite.cd (in French).
"RDC-Mwenga: les wazalendo reprennent le village Mikenge après de violents combats contre Twirhaneho allié de l'AFC/M23" [DRC-Mwenga: Wazalendo retake Mikenge village after violent fighting against Twirhaneho, ally of the AFC/M23]. Actualite.cd (in French). 6 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
"RDC: les rebelles de l'AFC/M23 s'emparent de Kashebere et Kibati en direction de Walikale-centre" [DRC: AFC/M23 rebels seize Kashebere and Kibati towards Walikale-centre]. Actualite.cd (in French). 13 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
"RDC: à la veille du début des négociations directes avec Kinshasa, la rébellion de l'AFC/M23 accentue la pression militaire en direction de Walikale-centre, les combats se rapprochent de Mutakato après avoir conquis Mpofi" [DRC: On the eve of the start of direct negotiations with Kinshasa, the AFC/M23 rebellion increases military pressure towards Walikale-centre, fighting moves closer to Mutakato after conquering Mpofi]. Actualite.cd (in French). 17 March 2025. Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
"RDC: l'armée freine l'avancée de l'AFC/M23 vers Walikale-centre, les rebelles repoussés à Mpofi" [DRC: Army halts AFC/M23 advance towards Walikale-centre, rebels pushed back to Mpofi]. Actualite.cd (in French). 18 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
"À Washington, la RDC et le Rwanda s'engagent sur six axes pour ouvrir la voie à un accord de paix" [In Washington, the DRC and Rwanda commit to six areas to pave the way for a peace agreement]. Actualite.cd (in French). 25 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
"Marco Rubio: "Nos entreprises sont de bons citoyens corporatifs" engagés pour la paix et le développement en Afrique centrale" [Marco Rubio: "Our companies are good corporate citizens" committed to peace and development in Central Africa]. Actualite.cd (in French). 25 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
"RDC et Rwanda s'engagent à soumettre un projet d'accord de paix commun d'ici au 2 mai" [DRC and Rwanda commit to submitting a joint draft peace agreement by May 2]. Actualite.cd (in French). 25 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
"Sud-Kivu: Kaziba de nouveau occupé par l'AFC/M23" [South Kivu: Kaziba occupied again by the AFC/M23]. Actualite.cd (in French). 28 April 2025. Retrieved 29 April 2025.
Kapinga, Yvonne (29 April 2025). "RDC: Les troupes de la SADC quittent Goma par le Rwanda" [DRC: SADC troops leave Goma via Rwanda]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 29 April 2025.
"C'est officiel! La RDC et le Rwanda ont signé l'accord de paix" [It's official! The DRC and Rwanda have signed the peace agreement]. Actualite.cd (in French). 27 June 2025. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
"RDC: au Sud-Kivu, le M23 s'impose à Kaniola, à 57 km de Bukavu, après des affrontements avec les Wazalendo" [DRC: In South Kivu, the M23 takes control of Kaniola, 57 km from Bukavu, after clashes with the Wazalendo]. Actualite.cd (in French). 28 June 2025. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
"Rwanda: forte hausse du nombre de tombes au cimetière militaire de Kigali depuis l'offensive du M23 (HRW)" [Rwanda: Sharp increase in the number of graves at Kigali military cemetery since the M23 offensive (HRW)]. Actualite.cd (in French). 4 September 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2025.
Muamba, Clement (9 December 2025). "Uvira: face à la progression de l'AFC/M23, plus de 20 000 personnes ont déjà trouvé refuge à Bujumbura en une journée" [Uvira: Faced with the progress of the AFC/M23, more than 20 000 people have already found refuge in Bujumbura in one day]. Actualite.cd (in French). Retrieved 9 December 2025.
"In South Kivu, the town of Makobola and the village of Kasekezi have fallen under the control of the AFC/M23 rebels". Actualite.cd (in French). 15 December 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025.

actucameroun.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dossou, Modeste (24 February 2024). "L'Union européenne aide le Rwanda à piller les ressources de la RDC (Félix Tshisekedi)" [European Union helps Rwanda plunder DRC resources (Felix Tshisekedi)]. Actu Cameroun (in French). Retrieved 5 March 2025.

africacenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Le Rwanda et la RDC risquent la guerre avec l'émergence de la nouvelle rébellion du M23: Une explication" [Rwanda and DRC risk war with the emergence of the new M23 rebellion: An explanation]. Africa Center for Strategic Studies (in French). 11 July 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
"The DRC Conflict Enters a Dangerous New Phase". Africa Center for Strategic Studies. 26 February 2025. Retrieved 1 March 2025.

africanews.com (Global: 3,550^th place; English: 2,515^th place)

"DR Congo: UN condemns M23 rebel attacks on peacekeeping force in North Kivu". Africa News. 23 May 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Protesters in DRC set fire to UN vehicles in Goma". africanews. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

afrikarabia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rigaud, Christophe (29 July 2025). "RDC: les accords de Washington et Doha au milieu du gué" [DRC: Washington and Doha agreements at a crossroads]. Afrikarabia.com (in French). Retrieved 14 September 2025.

agoragrandslacs.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rutshuru: les FARDC reprennent le contrôlent de la cité de Bunagana" [Rutshuru: the FARDC regains control of the city of Bunagana]. Agora Grands-Lacs (in French). 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2025.

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; English: 215^th place)

"Southern Africa regional bloc to withdraw troops from DRC amid M23 advance".
"M23 rebels attack military positions in eastern DR Congo". Al Jazeera. 28 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"At Least 15 Killed as Anti-UN Protests Spread in Eastern DR Congo". Al Jazeera. 26 July 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
"Thousands displaced as M23 rebels near key DRC city of Goma". Al Jazeera. 15 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
"UN condemns M23 rebel offensive on DRC town as hundreds flee". Al Jazeera. 27 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
"Residents emerge in DR Congo's tense Uvira after M23 rebel takeover". Al Jazeera. 13 December 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025.

allafrica.com (Global: 1,467^th place; English: 939^th place)

Moise M. Bahati (22 November 2022). "Rwanda: New Footage Suggests FDLR Fighting Alongside DR Congo Army". The New Times. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
James Karuhanga (26 May 2022). "Rwanda Will Not Be Drawn Into Intra-Congo Conflict – Govt Spokesperson". The New Times. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.

amnesty.org (Global: 1,367^th place; English: 1,176^th place)

"DRC-Uganda: Civilians must be protected during joint military operations". Amnesty International. 3 December 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
"DR Congo: Rwandan-backed M23 rebels perpetrating summary killings and rapes". Amnesty International. 17 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.

amsterdamandpartners.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Blood minerals: The laundering of DRC's 3T minerals by Rwanda and private entities" (PDF). Amsterdamandpartners.com. Washington DC, United States: Amsterdam & Partners LLP. April 2024. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2025.

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

"Governor of Congo's North Kivu province dies of his wounds in fighting with rebels, authorities say". Associated Press. 27 January 2025.
Asadu, Chinedu; Kabumba, Justin (30 January 2025). "Rwanda-backed rebels in eastern Congo say they plan to take their fight to the capital". AP News. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
"Congo orders regional peacekeepers to leave by December". AP News. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
"Residents scatter as they fear Congo rebel group will again seize key eastern city of Goma". Associated Press News. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Asadu, Chinedu; Kabumba, Justin (30 January 2025). "Congo's leader calls for massive military mobilization as Rwanda-backed rebels expand their control". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
"Rwanda-backed rebels have seized another town in eastern Congo". Associated Press News. 5 February 2025. Archived from the original on 10 February 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
"Congo says Rwanda-backed rebels occupy a 2nd major city in its mineral-rich east". Associated Press News. 16 February 2025. Archived from the original on 16 February 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
McMakin, Wilson (18 February 2025). "Residents say Rwanda-backed rebels are advancing on a third city in eastern Congo". AP News. Retrieved 19 February 2025.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Shepherd, Ben (February 2018). Elite Bargains and Political Deals Project: Democratic Republic of Congo (M23) Case Study (PDF) (Report). Stabilisation Unit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2025. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

atlanticcouncil.org (Global: 5,865^th place; English: 4,309^th place)

Kamurai, Clarkson; Handler, Brad; Bazilian, Morgan (23 April 2025). "Illicit mineral supply chains fuel the DRC's M23 insurgency". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

barrons.com (Global: 2,737^th place; English: 1,700^th place)

"DR Congo Fighting Moves Close To Goma City". Barron's. AFP. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
"M23 Rebels Seize Key Town In East DR Congo: Sources". www.barrons.com. AFP. Retrieved 5 January 2025.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"M23 rebels in DR Congo deny shooting down UN helicopter". BBC. 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Njie, Paul; Rukanga, Basillioh (6 February 2025). "Malawi President Lazarus Chakwera orders peacekeepers out of DR Congo". BBC News. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
Cursino, Malu (27 January 2025). "DR Congo conflict: M23 rebels say they have taken eastern city of Goma". Bbc.com. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
Aikman, Ian; Cursino, Malu (26 January 2025). "DR Congo rebels close in on key city as 13 peacekeepers killed". BBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"Bodies in streets as battle escalates in DR Congo city". BBC News. 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
Lukiv, Jaroslav (1 January 2025). "DR Congo conflict: At least 700 killed since Sunday, says UN" [At least 700 killed in DR Congo fighting since Sunday – UN]. BBC News. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
Ross, Will; Cursino, Malu (15 February 2025). "DR Congo conflict: M23 rebels enter second major city Bukavu". BBC News.
Ross, Will; Lukiv, Jaroslav (26 April 2025). "DR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May". BBC News. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
""Il faut renforcer la lutte contre les FDLR"" ["We must strengthen the fight against the FDLR"]. BBC News Afrique (in French). 17 January 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
Amunazo, Pamela (12 September 2023). "Exploitation minière: la RDC a perdu 1 milliard de dollars américain l'année dernière" [DRC has lost US$1 billion in potential mining revenue]. BBC News (in French). Retrieved 8 March 2025.
"ICJ orders Uganda to pay $325m for DR Congo occupation". BBC News. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

beto.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bakumba, Odon (23 February 2024). "Accord UE-Rwanda: Félix Tshisekedi dénonce une "provocation de mauvais goût" et annonce des actions judiciaires" [EU-Rwanda Agreement: Félix Tshisekedi denounces a "provocation in bad taste" and announces legal action]. BETO.CD (in French). Retrieved 5 March 2025.

cfr.org (Global: 2,812^th place; English: 1,942^nd place)

Baumann-Pauly, Dorothée (29 October 2020). "Why Cobalt Mining in the DRC Needs Urgent Attention". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 13 May 2025.

chimpreports.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ndushabandi, Claver (5 February 2024). "M23 Rebels Seize Strategic Town in Rapid Advance to Goma". Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Ndushabandi, Claver (7 February 2024). "M23 Rebels Advance Toward Sake as Thousands Flee to Goma". ChimpReports. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

cnn.com

Hauser, Jennifer (31 January 2025). "UN says more than 700 killed, 2,800 injured in just five days of fighting in DRC" [UN says more than 700 killed in just five days of fighting in DR Congo]. CNN. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
Princewill, Nimi (27 June 2025). "As two African nations sign a peace deal, Trump wants credit. But some fear peace may still elude them". CNN. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

edition.cnn.com

Press, Associated (25 January 2025). "Six peacekeepers killed fighting rebels in eastern Congo, officials say, as rebels close in on Goma". CNN. Retrieved 5 March 2025.

congoquotidien.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Botela, Cédric (15 December 2024). "Crise à l'Est: Annulation du sommet tripartite RDC-Rwanda-Angola" [Crisis in the East: Cancellation of the tripartite summit DRC-Rwanda-Angola]. Congoquotidien.com (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2025.

congoresearchgroup.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stearns, Jason (17 August 2022). "Faut-il parler des FDLR à chaque fois qu'on évoque le M23?" [Should we talk about the FDLR every time we talk about the M23?]. Congo Research Group (Groupe d'étude sur le Congo) (in French). Retrieved 17 February 2025.

crisisgroup.org (Global: 6,150^th place; English: 4,439^th place)

"Regional Powers Should Drive Diplomacy in DR Congo as M23 Surrounds Goma". International Crisis Group. 30 November 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
"Apaiser les Tensions dans l'Est de la RD Congo et les Grands Lacs" [Easing Tensions in Eastern DR Congo and the Great Lakes]. International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

criticalthreats.org (Global: 7,658^th place; English: 8,192^nd place)

"Congo War Security Review". Critical Threats Project. 3 March 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (27 February 2025). "Congo War Security Review - February 27, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (24 February 2025). "Congo War Security Review - February 24, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (4 March 2025). "Congo War Security Review - March 4, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
Ford, Yale (5 May 2025). "Congo War Security Review - May 5, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 27 June 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (6 March 2025). "Congo War Security Review - March 6, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (12 March 2025). "Congo War Security Review - March 12, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (24 February 2025). "Congo War Security Review - February 24, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (25 February 2025). "Congo War Security Review - February 25, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
Markiewicz, Nick; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (10 March 2025). "Congo War Security Review - March 10, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
"Congo War Security Review". Critical Threats. 18 March 2025. Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
DeAngelo, Michael; Charles, Miles; Ford, Yale; Karr, Liam (9 October 2025). "Mali Negotiates Amid JNIM Blockade; M23 Numbers Swell: Africa File, October 9, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 3 November 2025.
Ford, Yale (3 December 2025). "Congo War Security Review, December 3, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 4 December 2025.
Ford, Yale (3 December 2025). "Congo War Security Review, December 3, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 4 December 2025.
Ford, Yale; Zhu, Anping (5 December 2025). "Congo War Security Review, December 5, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 9 December 2025.
Ford, Yale (8 December 2025). "Congo War Security Review, December 8, 2025". Critical Threats Project. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 9 December 2025.

d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

ICG 2022, pp. 10, 15. "Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" (PDF). Crisis Group Africa Briefing (181). Nairobi, Brussels: International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
ICG 2022, p. 10. "Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" (PDF). Crisis Group Africa Briefing (181). Nairobi, Brussels: International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
ICG 2022, p. 11. "Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" (PDF). Crisis Group Africa Briefing (181). Nairobi, Brussels: International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

"DR Congo accuses Rwanda of 'invasion' as rebels attack town | DW | 14 June 2022". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
Schwikowski, Martina (8 April 2022). "M23 rebels resurface in DR Congo". DW News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bashi, Wendy (14 February 2022). "Quelle capacité de nuisance des FDLR basées en RDC?" [What is the nuisance capacity of the FDLR based in the DRC?]. DW News (in French). Retrieved 17 February 2025.

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

"Why it's hard for Congo's coltan miners to abide by the law". The Economist. 21 January 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

euronews.com (Global: 612^th place; English: 921^st place)

Jones, Mared Gwyn (24 February 2025). "EU to review raw materials deal with Rwanda over DRC conflict - top diplomat". Euronews.com. Lyon, France: Euronews. Retrieved 15 December 2025.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"Global Gateway: EU signs strategic partnerships on critical raw materials value chains with DRC and Zambia and advances cooperation with US and other key partners to develop the 'Lobito Corridor'". European Commission. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
"EU and Rwanda sign a Memorandum of Understanding on Sustainable Raw Materials Value Chains". European Commission. February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
"EU and Rwanda sign a Memorandum of Understanding on Sustainable Raw Materials Value Chains". Ec.europa.eu. European Commission. 18 February 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2025.

consilium.europa.eu

"Democratic Republic of the Congo: EU lists further nine individuals and one entity". Consilium.europa.eu/en. European Union. 17 March 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.

financetimes.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

Esther, Adela Manema (24 August 2024). "Nord-Kivu: désenclaver Walikale, pour la sécurité des minerais congolais" [North Kivu: opening up Walikale for the security of Congolese minerals]. Finance Times (in French). Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.

flickr.com (Global: 1,013^th place; English: 739^th place)

"PHOTO DU JOUR DU SAMEDI 3 JUILLET 2022". MONUSCO. 3 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,234^th place; English: 2,284^th place)

Wrong, Michela (3 March 2025). "How Far Will Rwanda Go in Congo?". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 5 March 2025.

france24.com (Global: 481^st place; English: 508^th place)

"DR Congo 'authorises' Ugandan troops to hunt rebel group on its soil". France 24. 29 November 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
"Rwandan soldiers fighting with M23 rebels in DR Congo, says UN report". France 24. Paris, France. 8 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
"DR Congo troops clash with M23 rebels". France24. 23 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Massacre de Kishishe: le gouvernement de RD Congo évoque un bilan "autour de 300 morts"" [Kishishe Massacre: DR Congo Government Reports Death Toll "Around 300"]. France 24 (in French). Paris, France. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
"Rwanda and DR Congo set May 2 deadline for peace deal". France 24. Paris, France. 25 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.

globalwitness.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"New investigation suggests EU trader Traxys buys conflict minerals from DRC". Global Witness. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

abcnews.go.com

Rebels makes new advance, and Congo expels Rwandan envoy Archived 30 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine
"Rwanda-backed M23 rebels say they've seized the strategic city of Uvira in eastern Congo". ABC News. 10 December 2025. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

greenwichtime.com (Global: low place; English: 7,102^nd place)

"Congo trains 3,000 new army recruits amid Rwanda tensions". greenwich time. 7 November 2022. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.

heshimardc.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rwanda et FDLR: manipulation pour tuer et piller la RDC" [Rwanda and FDLR: Manipulation to Kill and Plunder the DRC]. Heshima Magazine (in French). 14 February 2025. Retrieved 5 March 2025.

hrw.org (Global: 729^th place; English: 650^th place)

"DR Congo: Killings, Rapes by Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels". Human Rights Watch. 13 June 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
"DR Congo: Resurgent M23 Rebels Target Civilians". Human Rights Watch. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
"DR Congo: M23 Mass Killings Near Virunga National Park". Human Rights Watch. New York, New York, United States. 20 August 2025. Retrieved 23 August 2025.

humanglemedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bisong Etahoben (7 November 2022). "Rwandan Soldier Surrenders To UN In DR Congo". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
Bisong Etahoben (15 April 2022). "M23 Rebel Movement Hands Over Captured DR Congo Soldiers To Red Cross". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (31 March 2022). "5 DR Congo Chiefs Flee Chiefdoms, Take Refuge In Goma After Persistent M23 Rebel Attacks". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Etahoben, Bisong (11 April 2022). "M23 Rebels Withdraw From Villages Captured In DR Congo". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (14 April 2022). "M23 Rebels Reclaim DR Congo Region After Military Takeover". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (17 August 2022). "M23 Rebels Want Dialogue With DR Congo Government". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.

icct.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Baudon, Antoine (9 August 2024). "M23: A Forgotten War and an Overshadowed Ceasefire". International Centre for Counter-Terrorism. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

iccwomen.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rapport synthese des violations des droits de l'homme commises par le Mouvement dit M23 dans la province du Nord-Kivu: Vers la sacralisation des crimes et de l'impunite en R.D. Congo" [Summary report of human rights violations committed by the M23 Movement in the province of North Kivu: Towards the sacralization of crimes and impunity in the DRC] (PDF). Iccwomen.org (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Réseau National des ONG des Droits de l'Homme de la République Démocratique du Congo (RENADHOC). 4 December 2012. pp. 9–15. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

ipisresearch.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

Le M23 " version 2 ": Enjeux, motivations, perceptionset impacts locaux [The M23 "version 2": Local stakes, motivations, perceptions, and impacts] (PDF) (Report) (in French). International Peace Information Service. 4 April 2024. D/2024/4320/03. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
Sabbe, Brian (6 February 2023). "Why M23 is not your average rebel group". International Peace Information Service. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

issafrica.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fabricius, Peter (13 December 2024). "RDC-Rwanda: un accord de paix fragile" [DRC-Rwanda: a fragile peace agreement]. Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 17 February 2025.

jamestown.org (Global: 2,677^th place; English: 1,908^th place)

Karamuka, Brian G. (4 December 2025). M23 Leverages Taxes and Minerals to Sustain DRC Operations (Report). Vol. 23. Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

jeuneafrique.com (Global: 1,305^th place; English: 3,342^nd place)

Gras, Romain (6 January 2025). "RDC: que reste-t-il des FDLR dans l'Est?" [DRC: What remains of the FDLR in the East?]. Jeune Afrique (in French). Retrieved 28 February 2025.

lefigaro.fr (Global: 113^th place; English: 775^th place)

De lagarde, Antoine (30 January 2025). ""Quand l"Occident intervient au Congo, il est accusé de néocolonialisme et quand il n'intervient pas, il est accusé de s'en désintéresser"" ["When the West intervenes in the Congo, it is accused of neocolonialism and when it does not intervene, it is accused of not being interested".]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 17 February 2025.
Berthemet, Tanguy (29 January 2025). "RDC: le Kivu, une région riche en minerais, théâtre d'une guerre de trente ans" [DRC: Kivu, a region rich in minerals, scene of a thirty-year war]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 21 February 2025.

lemonde.fr (Global: 83^rd place; English: 603^rd place)

"Democratic Republic of Congo rocked by new M23 rebel offensive". Le Monde.fr. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
Châtelot, Christophe (27 February 2024). "RDC: "L'Union européenne se rend complice du pillage de nos ressources et de l'agression du Rwanda"" [DRC: "The European Union is complicit in the plundering of our resources and the aggression against Rwanda"]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 5 March 2025.
Jacqué, Philippe (25 June 2024). "Malgré les pressions congolaises, l'UE discute d'une poursuite de son soutien à l'armée rwandaise au Mozambique" [Despite Congolese pressure, EU discusses continued support for Rwandan army in Mozambique]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 6 March 2025.

mediacongo.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Invasion rwandaise: le prétexte des FDLR en RDC détruit à l'UA" [Rwandan invasion: FDLR pretext in DRC destroyed at AU]. Mediacongo.net (in French). 16 February 2025. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
Châtelot, Christophe (28 February 2024). ""L'Union européenne se rend complice du pillage de nos ressources et de l'agression du Rwanda" (Christophe Lutundula)" ["The European Union is complicit in the plundering of our resources and the aggression against Rwanda" (Christophe Lutundula)]. Mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved 5 March 2025.

minesactu.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kabore, Elie (12 September 2023). "RDC: la RDC a perdu plus de 600 milliards de FCFA de son revenu potentiel de l'exploitation minière | Mines Actu Burkina" [DRC: DRC has lost more than 600 billion FCFA of its potential income from mining]. Mines Actu Burkina (in French). Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Retrieved 8 March 2025.

miningandbusiness.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Accord UE-Rwanda sur les minerais critiques: "C'est une provocation de très mauvais goût" Félix Tshisekedi" [EU-Rwanda agreement on critical minerals: "It's a provocation in very bad taste" Félix Tshisekedi]. Mining and Business (in French). 23 February 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

monitor.co.ug (Global: 5,222^nd place; English: 2,954^th place)

"DR Congo army accuses Rwanda of deploying soldiers 'to defend M23'". Daily Monitor. The East African. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Robert Muhereza (17 June 2022). "Fresh fighting erupts in Bunagana". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Robert Muhereza (14 June 2022). "Congolese soldiers flee as M23 rebels take over town". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
Robert Muhereza (14 June 2022). "Uganda halts Congo military operations". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
"DR Congo rebels reopen border post with Uganda". Daily Monitor. AFP. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

nationalpost.com (Global: 818^th place; English: 524^th place)

Sabiti, Djaffar; Bujakera, Stanis (17 June 2022). "Congo soldier shot dead in Rwanda, rebels make gains in east". National Post. Retrieved 17 June 2022.

news24.com (Global: 1,309^th place; English: 762^nd place)

"Kenya to deploy army to eastern DRC to fight M23 rebels". news24. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

newstimes.com (Global: 9,414^th place; English: 5,211^th place)

Malkia, Christina; Kabumba, Justin (24 February 2023). "Rebels capture more ground in Congo as fighting intensifies". News Times. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.

newtimes.co.rw (Global: 9,039^th place; English: 5,637^th place)

Reporter, Times (18 February 2025). "Burundi is withdrawing troops from DR Congo, reports say". The New Times. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
"M23 claims capture of FDLR strongholds". The New Times. 17 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.

newvision.co.ug (Global: 5,945^th place; English: 3,303^rd place)

Lumu, David (14 September 2022). "Kenyan Maj. Gen. Nyagah appointed as DRC joint force commander". New Vision. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.

nilepost.co.ug (Global: low place; English: low place)

"M23 Hands over FDLR Commander to Rwanda".

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Kabanda, Caleb; MacLean, Ruth; Ndebo, Guerchom (February 2025). "Life After a Rebel Takeover". The New York Times.

nyu.edu (Global: 1,174^th place; English: 773^rd place)

cic.nyu.edu

"The Resurgence of the M23: Regional Rivalries, Donor Policy, and a Stalled Peace Process" (PDF). Ebuteli. Congo Research Group (CRG). 6 August 2024. pp. 17–20. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
"Uganda's Operation Shujaa in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Fighting the ADF or Securing Economic Interests?" (PDF). Center on International Cooperation. 14 June 2022. p. 4. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

ohchr.org (Global: 1,210^th place; English: 1,422^nd place)

"DRC: Türk appalled by attacks against civilians by Rwandan-backed M23 and other armed groups". Ohchr.org/en. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 6 August 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025.

politico.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kinshasa, Rédaction (22 June 2022). "RDC: Recrutement, réarmement et réorganisation du M23, l'Ouganda et le Rwanda ont servi de base arrière". politico.cd. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

publishing.service.gov.uk (Global: 1,877^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk

Shepherd, Ben (February 2018). Elite Bargains and Political Deals Project: Democratic Republic of Congo (M23) Case Study (PDF) (Report). Stabilisation Unit. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2025. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

radio-canada.ca (Global: 1,470^th place; English: 2,697^th place)

ici.radio-canada.ca

"UN accuses M23 of killing 319 civilians in July in eastern DRC". Ici.radio-canada.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 August 2025. Retrieved 7 August 2025.

radiookapi.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tempête des tropiques: " Soutien militaire au M23, l'ONU enfonce le Rwanda "". Radio Okapi. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Masisi: déplacement de la population à la suite des affrontements entre deux factions de Nyatura à Bashali Mukoto" [Masisi: Displacement of the population following clashes between two factions of Nyatura in Bashali Mukoto]. Radio Okapi (in French). 16 July 2022. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
"Goma: dernier hommage de la MONUSCO aux casques bleus tués au front". Radio Okapi. 1 August 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
"Le Potentiel : " EAC: Des soldats burundais entrent officiellement en RDC "". Radio Okapi. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Le Potentiel : " Paix durable dans l'Est : Félix Tshisekedi: « La voie diplomatique demeure l'option idéale et privilégiée "". Radio Okapi. 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
"RDC: changement à la tête du commandement militaire au Nord-Kivu et en Ituri". Radio Okapi. 7 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru". Radio Okapi. 6 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"La tripartite RDC-Rwanda-Angola annulée" [The DRC-Rwanda-Angola tripartite cancelled]. Radio Okapi (in French). 15 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
"À Doha, le Gouvernement congolais et le M23/AFC signent une déclaration de principes pour mettre fin aux combats" [In Doha, the Congolese government and the M23/AFC sign a declaration of principles to end the fighting]. Radio Okapi (in French). 19 July 2025. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
"RDC: les troupes de la MONUSCO "en position défensive" près de Bunagana". Radio Okapi. 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: les FARDC lancent l'assaut contre le M23 près de Bunagana". Radio Okapi. 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 autour de Bunagana". Radio Okapi. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: la situation militaire demeure tendue à Jomba". Radio Okapi. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: Calme précaire à Rutshuru sur la ligne de front entre l'armée et le M23". Radio Okapi. 18 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: nouveaux affrontements entre FARDC et M23 dans le groupement Bweza". Radio Okapi. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: les combats s'intensifient entre les FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" [North Kivu: fighting intensifies between the FARDC and M23 in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: 13 civils tués par les bombes lancées par le M23 à Kisigari" [North Kivu: 13 civilians killed by M23 bombs in Kisigari]. Radio Okapi (in French). 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"RDC: nouveaux affrontements entre l'armée et le M23 à Rutshuru" [DRC: new clashes between the army and the M23 in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Rutshuru: les FARDC reprennent le contrôle de 4 villages jadis occupés par le M23" [Rutshuru: the FARDC regains control of 4 villages formerly occupied by the M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: deux villages de Jomba sous contrôle des FARDC" [North Kivu: two villages in Jomba under FARDC control]. Radio Okapi (in French). 30 June 2022. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: les FARDC affirment avoir "neutralisé 27 rebelles M23" à Rutshuru" [North Kivu: FARDC claims to have "neutralized 27 M23 rebels" in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"RDC: reprise des combats entre les FARDC et le M23 à Kisigari" [DRC: Renewed fighting between the FARDC and the M23 in Kisigari]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 July 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: calme précaire dans les zones de Bikenke et Ruseke" [North Kivu: Precarious calm in the areas of Bikenke and Ruseke]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 July 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"RDC: reprise des combats entre les FARDC et le M23" [DRC: Renewed fighting between the FARDC and the M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 7 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: poursuite des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Ntamugenga" [North Kivu: Fighting continues between FARDC and M23 in Ntamugenga]. Radio Okapi (in French). 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Combats FARDC-M23: environ 2 600 ménages des déplacés recensés au village Buhiri" [FARDC-M23 fighting: about 2,600 displaced households identified in Buhiri village]. Radio Okapi (in French). 9 July 2022. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: afflux de déplacés à Nyirangongo à la suite des combats entre FARDC et M23" [North Kivu: Influx of displaced people in Nyirangongo following fighting between FARDC and M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 10 July 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: le M23 installe une administration parallèle à Jomba" [North Kivu: M23 installs parallel administration in Jomba]. Radio Okapi (in French). 26 July 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" [North Kivu: Renewed fighting between FARDC and M23 in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 27 July 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Affrontements FARDC-M23: au moins 5 villages vidés de leurs populations à Rutshuru" [FARDC-M23 clashes: at least 5 villages emptied of their populations in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Rutshuru: la société civile déplore la trêve des FARDC engagées aux combats contre le M23" [Rutshuru: civil society deplores the truce of the FARDC engaged in the fight against the M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 11 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Mutualisation des forces de l'EAC: les groupes armés ciblés par la force militaire régionale" [Pooling of EAC forces: armed groups targeted by the regional military force]. Radio Okapi (in French). 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: l'armée dénonce de graves violations des droits humains lors des attaques du M23 le 16 août" [North Kivu: Army denounces serious human rights violations during M23 attacks on 16 August]. Radio Okapi (in French). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23" [North Kivu: renewed fighting between FARDC and M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Rusthuru: le M23 accusé de bombarder ce vendredi les positions des FARDC à Rwanguba" [Rutshuru: M23 accused of bombing FARDC positions in Rwanguba]. Radio Okapi (in French). 19 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: la société minière SMB pillée systématiquement à Rubaya (avocat)". Radio Okapi (in French). 28 February 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
"Masisi: les FARDC reprennent la cité de Rubaya". Radio Okapi (in French). 1 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
"Nord-Kivu: le contingent ougandais de l'EAC cohabite avec les rebelles du M23 à Bunagana (sources locales)" [North Kivu: the Ugandan contingent of the EAC coexists with the M23 rebels in Bunagana (local sources)]. Radio Okapi. 4 April 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
"RDC: arrivée des détachements précurseurs des militaires sud-soudanais à Goma" [DRC: Arrival of the precursor detachments of the South Sudanese military in Goma]. Radio Okapi. 3 April 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
"Situation relativement calme ce jeudi à Goma" [Relatively calm situation on Thursday in Goma]. Radio Okapi (in French). 30 January 2025. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
"Poursuite des affrontements entre les FARDC et le M23 dans le territoire de Masisi (Nord-Kivu)". Radio Okapi (in French). 8 March 2025. Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
"Est de la RDC: l'ONU appelle à une cessation effective des hostilités" [Eastern DRC: UN calls for effective cessation of hostilities]. Radio Okapi (in French). 22 August 2025. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
"RDC: le gouvernement salue le rapport de l'ONU sur le soutien du Rwanda au M23". Radio Okapi. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2022.

reliefweb.int (Global: 2,136^th place; English: 1,442^nd place)

"DR Congo: Civilians at Risk Amid Resurgence of M23 Rebels". HRW. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"M23 Rebels Making Millions through Gold Smuggling from Eastern Congo – Democratic Republic of the Congo". reliefweb.int. ReliefWeb. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

"Hundreds of Congolese police join rebels in occupied city". Reuters. 22 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025.
Djaffar Al Katanty (26 May 2022). "Heavy fighting as Congo tries to fend off resurgent M23 rebels". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Uganda provided support to M23 rebels in Congo, UN report says". Reuters. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
"Fighting in Congo has killed 7,000 since January, DRC prime minister says". Reuters. 24 February 2025.
Djaffar Sabiti (13 June 2022). "Congo rebels seize eastern border town, local activists say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Congo fighting flares as hundreds shelter in convent – army, MSF". Reuters. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Rwanda says Congo fighter jet violated its airspace". Reuters. 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
"Congo rebels seize eastern town on critical supply route". Reuters. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
"Congo's M23 rebels say they will seize eastern city overnight". Reuters. 26 January 2026. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
Rolley, Sonia (18 February 2025). "Congo army retreat from Bukavu leads to clashes with allied militias". Reuters. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
"Burundi troops withdraw in eastern Congo as M23 rebels expand reach, sources say". Reuters. 18 February 2025. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
"Angola will attempt to broker direct talks between Congo and M23, presidency says". Reuters. London, England, United Kingdom. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
"Clashes continue in eastern Congo days after attack on civilians left many dead". Reuters. 9 March 2025. Archived from the original on 12 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
"M23 rebels enter another eastern Congo town, defying calls for ceasefire". Reuters. 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
Mills, Andrew; Ross, Aaron (18 March 2025). "Exclusive: Congo and Rwanda presidents call for east Congo ceasefire during Qatar sit-down". Reuters. London, England, United Kingdom. Retrieved 18 March 2025.
Rolley, Sonia (22 March 2025). "Congo M23 rebels say they will withdraw from seized town to support peace push". Reuters. London, England, United Kingdom. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
"Congo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal". Reuters. London, England, United Kingdom. 25 April 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
Psaledakis, Daphne; Rolley, Sonia; Kasongo, Ange Adihe (27 June 2025). "Rwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment". Reuters. London, England, United Kingdom. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

rfi.fr (Global: 559^th place; English: 1,777^th place)

"RDC: un nouveau gouverneur militaire intérimaire au Nord-Kivu". RFI. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
Ligodi, Patient (19 July 2025). "Ce que contient la déclaration de principe signée à Doha par la RDC et l'AFC/M23" [What is contained in the declaration of principle signed in Doha by the DRC and the AFC/M23]. Radio France Internationale (in French). Paris, France. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
"Eastern DRC: Nearly 3,000 dead in Goma offensive, says UN". rfi. 4 February 2025. Retrieved 5 February 2025.
"M23 marches on in east DR Congo as US vows action against Rwanda". RFI. 13 December 2025. Retrieved 13 December 2025.
"RDC: le M23 contrôle déjà l'exploitation d'une grande partie du coltan du Nord-Kivu" [DRC: M23 already controls the exploitation of a large part of coltan in North Kivu]. Radio France Internationale (in French). 30 January 2025. Retrieved 1 March 2025.

romania-insider.com (Global: 7,124^th place; English: 5,263^rd place)

"Dozens of Romanian mercenaries stranded in Congo amid rebel offensive". HRW. 27 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

sanews.gov.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SA Deploys 2900 troops Eastern DRC". SA Government News. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.

securitycouncilreport.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo" (PDF). Securitycouncilreport.org. United Nations Security Council. 12 December 2008. pp. 15–18. Retrieved 20 February 2025.

sosmediasburundi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"South Kivu : M23 seizes Sange, triggering massive influx into Burundi and a retreat of Burundian troops". SOS Médias Burundi. 9 December 2025. Retrieved 9 December 2025.

taarifa.rw (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Goma Suffocating After M23 Rebels Cut Off Road From Butembo". Taarifa. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.

taz.de (Global: 753^rd place; English: 3,895^th place)

Schlindwein, Simone (30 March 2022). "Neue Kämpfe im Osten Kongos: UN-Blauhelme sterben" [New fighting in eastern Congo: UN peacekeepers die]. taz (in German). Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.

theafricareport.com (Global: 8,967^th place; English: 5,579^th place)

Ojewale, Oluwole (13 May 2022). "Addressing the enablers of coltan smuggling in the DRC requires holistic solutions". The Africa Report. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

thedefensepost.com (Global: 9,268^th place; English: 6,642^nd place)

"M23 Rebels' Vow to Retreat at Odds With Hazy Reality in DR Congo". The Defense Post. 6 January 2023. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
"Fresh Clashes Between Army, M23 Rebels in DR Congo's East". Defense Post. 6 April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"DR Congo Deploys Fighter Jets Against M23 Rebels". The Defense Post. 8 November 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
"DR Congo Says Rwanda Operating 500 Troops Over Border". Defense Post. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"DR Congo Army Clashes With M23 Rebels Around Strategic Eastern Highway". The Defense Post. 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.

theeastafrican.co.ke (Global: 8,052^nd place; English: 5,016^th place)

"Kenyan commander's exit exposes tussle over regional force mandate". The East African. Nation Media. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.

theglobalobservatory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Verweijen, Judith; Vogel, Christopher (30 May 2023). "Why Congo's M23 Crisis Lingers On". International Peace Institute Global Observatory. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

thegreatlakeseye.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

https://www.thegreatlakeseye.com/post?s=DRC%3A--Who--are--the--over--1%2C400--fighters--evacuated--from--M23-controlled--areas%3F_1810
"DRC Conflict: Hundreds of Burundian soldiers cross to South Kivu as clashes intensify". 6 December 2025. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Jones, Pete; Smith, David (20 June 2012). "UN report on Rwanda fuelling Congo conflict 'blocked by US'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
Powell, Jim (15 March 2024). "The week around the world in 20 pictures". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
Townsend, Mark (25 January 2025). "Rwandan army 'ready to invade DRC' and help rebels seize city". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2025.
Townsend, Mark; Wrong, Michela (7 February 2025). "Rwandan troops 'dying in large numbers in DRC', despite official denials of role". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 February 2025.

thehill.com (Global: 476^th place; English: 282^nd place)

"Watch: Trump hosts Congolese, Rwandan officials after US-brokered peace deal signed". The Hill. Washington, D.C., United States. 27 June 2025. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

thehindu.com (Global: 52^nd place; English: 35^th place)

"U.N. official praises Indian peacekeepers for thwarting attack in Congo". The Hindu. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.

thenewhumanitarian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Claude Sengenya; Patricia Huon (7 July 2022). "Revived M23 rebellion worsens DR Congo's security troubles". The New Humanitarian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
Verweijen, Judith; Vogel, Christoph (11 February 2025). "Why conflict mineral narratives don't explain the M23 rebellion in DR Congo". The New Humanitarian. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

theperspective.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rybalchenko, Artem (23 May 2025). "The Modern-day "Heart of Darkness": How the M23 Movement Threatens stability in Central Africa". The Perspective. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

topcongo.live (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lukoki, Eric (February 2024). "Accord UE-Rwanda sur les matières premières, "c'est vraiment une provocation de très mauvais goût" (Tshisekedi)" [EU-Rwanda agreement on raw materials, "it is really a provocation in very bad taste" (Tshisekedi)]. Topcongo.live. Retrieved 5 March 2025.

trtworld.com (Global: 4,875^th place; English: 3,037^th place)

"M23 rebels enter key city in eastern DRC, forcing thousands to flee". TRT World. 9 December 2025. Retrieved 9 December 2025.

tv5monde.com (Global: 4,883^rd place; English: low place)

information.tv5monde.com

"Massacre de civils en RDC par le M23: 171 morts, selon un nouveau bilan de l'ONU" [Massacre of civilians in the DRC by the M23: 171 dead, according to a new UN report]. TV5Monde (in French). 8 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2025.

ugandaradionetwork.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Amanya, Samuel (21 December 2024). "Gen Masunzu Appointed Commander in North Kivu as Fighting Intensifies". Uganda Radio Network. Retrieved 27 January 2025.

umuseke.rw (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ibyihariye kuri Brig Gen Mboneza nimero ya kabiri mu ndwanyi za M23". Umuseke. 14 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.

un.org (Global: 97^th place; English: 164^th place)

docs.un.org

"Midterm report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo". Docs.un.org/en. United Nations Security Council. 30 December 2023. p. 10. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
"United Nations Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo". United Nations Security Council. New York, New York, United States. 27 December 2024. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 4 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.

press.un.org

"Security Council condemns illegal exploitation of Democratic Republic of Congo's natural resources". press.un.org. United Nations Security Council. 3 May 2001. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

news.un.org

Mishra, Vibhu (6 August 2025). "Armed militia kill hundreds in eastern DR Congo". News.un.org. Retrieved 8 August 2025.

understandingwar.org (Global: 1,571^st place; English: 1,784^th place)

"Africa File, January 24, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
"Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 31 January 2025.

usmission.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

usun.usmission.gov

"Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on the Situation Concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo". United States mission to the United Nations. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.

usnews.com (Global: 634^th place; English: 432^nd place)

"Resurgent East Congo Violence Displaces 72,000 in One Week". U.S. News & World Report. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022.

voaafrica.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rwanda Inside DRC, Aiding M23 – Report". VOA. 4 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.

voanews.com (Global: 581^st place; English: 738^th place)

Ponnie, Sheila (28 December 2022). "South Sudan Sends 750 Troops to DRC". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
"Congo Says Rwandan Forces Supported Latest Rebel Attacks as Thousands Flee". VOA. Reuters. 12 June 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Lisa Schlein (1 April 2022). "Thousands Fleeing Violent Clashes in DRC in Need of Emergency Aid". VOA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Mohammed Yusuf (31 May 2022). "DRC Army: M23 Rebels Kill Two Congo Soldiers as Fighting Resumes". VOA. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Rebel Clashes Flare in East DR Congo Despite Pullout Plan". Voice of America. 28 February 2023. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
"Western Donors Pressed to Sanction Rwanda as DRC Violence Escalates". VOA. 17 March 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
Besheer, Margaret (2 July 2022), UN: Well-Armed M23 Rebels Resurgent in DRC, Voice of America (published 29 June 2022), archived from the original on 7 August 2022, retrieved 9 August 2022

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

Al-Hadji Kudra Maliro; Justin Kabumba (13 June 2022). "Congo military accuses Rwanda of invasion; rebels seize town". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Knickmeyer, Ellen; Banchereau, Mark (25 April 2025). "The US oversees a peace pledge for east Congo, hoping to ease its access to critical minerals". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 26 April 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"M23 rebels in DR Congo deny shooting down UN helicopter". BBC. 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Tempête des tropiques: " Soutien militaire au M23, l'ONU enfonce le Rwanda "". Radio Okapi. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Rwanda Inside DRC, Aiding M23 – Report". VOA. 4 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Masisi: déplacement de la population à la suite des affrontements entre deux factions de Nyatura à Bashali Mukoto" [Masisi: Displacement of the population following clashes between two factions of Nyatura in Bashali Mukoto]. Radio Okapi (in French). 16 July 2022. Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (7 November 2022). "Rwandan Soldier Surrenders To UN In DR Congo". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
"U.N. official praises Indian peacekeepers for thwarting attack in Congo". The Hindu. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"DR Congo army accuses Rwanda of deploying soldiers 'to defend M23'". Daily Monitor. The East African. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Goma: dernier hommage de la MONUSCO aux casques bleus tués au front". Radio Okapi. 1 August 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
Schlindwein, Simone (30 March 2022). "Neue Kämpfe im Osten Kongos: UN-Blauhelme sterben" [New fighting in eastern Congo: UN peacekeepers die]. taz (in German). Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Robert Muhereza (17 June 2022). "Fresh fighting erupts in Bunagana". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Le Potentiel : " EAC: Des soldats burundais entrent officiellement en RDC "". Radio Okapi. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Kenya to deploy army to eastern DRC to fight M23 rebels". news24. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
Ponnie, Sheila (28 December 2022). "South Sudan Sends 750 Troops to DRC". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
"DR Congo: UN condemns M23 rebel attacks on peacekeeping force in North Kivu". Africa News. 23 May 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"DR Congo: Civilians at Risk Amid Resurgence of M23 Rebels". HRW. 1 June 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Moise M. Bahati (22 November 2022). "Rwanda: New Footage Suggests FDLR Fighting Alongside DR Congo Army". The New Times. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
"M23 Rebels' Vow to Retreat at Odds With Hazy Reality in DR Congo". The Defense Post. 6 January 2023. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
James Karuhanga (26 May 2022). "Rwanda Will Not Be Drawn Into Intra-Congo Conflict – Govt Spokesperson". The New Times. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (15 April 2022). "M23 Rebel Movement Hands Over Captured DR Congo Soldiers To Red Cross". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Le Potentiel : " Paix durable dans l'Est : Félix Tshisekedi: « La voie diplomatique demeure l'option idéale et privilégiée "". Radio Okapi. 27 June 2022. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
"Ibyihariye kuri Brig Gen Mboneza nimero ya kabiri mu ndwanyi za M23". Umuseke. 14 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
"RDC: changement à la tête du commandement militaire au Nord-Kivu et en Ituri". Radio Okapi. 7 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
"Fresh Clashes Between Army, M23 Rebels in DR Congo's East". Defense Post. 6 April 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Lumu, David (14 September 2022). "Kenyan Maj. Gen. Nyagah appointed as DRC joint force commander". New Vision. Archived from the original on 31 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
"Kenyan commander's exit exposes tussle over regional force mandate". The East African. Nation Media. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
Kinshasa, Rédaction (22 June 2022). "RDC: Recrutement, réarmement et réorganisation du M23, l'Ouganda et le Rwanda ont servi de base arrière". politico.cd. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
ICG 2022, pp. 10, 15. "Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" (PDF). Crisis Group Africa Briefing (181). Nairobi, Brussels: International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Congo Says Rwandan Forces Supported Latest Rebel Attacks as Thousands Flee". VOA. Reuters. 12 June 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru". Radio Okapi. 6 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"DR Congo Deploys Fighter Jets Against M23 Rebels". The Defense Post. 8 November 2022. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
Robert Muhereza (14 June 2022). "Congolese soldiers flee as M23 rebels take over town". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
Djaffar Al Katanty (26 May 2022). "Heavy fighting as Congo tries to fend off resurgent M23 rebels". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"DR Congo Says Rwanda Operating 500 Troops Over Border". Defense Post. 9 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"DR Congo accuses Rwanda of 'invasion' as rebels attack town | DW | 14 June 2022". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
"Resurgent East Congo Violence Displaces 72,000 in One Week". U.S. News & World Report. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022.
Schwikowski, Martina (8 April 2022). "M23 rebels resurface in DR Congo". DW News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"Rwandan soldiers fighting with M23 rebels in DR Congo, says UN report". France 24. Paris, France. 8 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
ICG 2022, p. 10. "Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" (PDF). Crisis Group Africa Briefing (181). Nairobi, Brussels: International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (31 March 2022). "5 DR Congo Chiefs Flee Chiefdoms, Take Refuge In Goma After Persistent M23 Rebel Attacks". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
"M23 rebels attack military positions in eastern DR Congo". Al Jazeera. 28 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
ICG 2022, p. 11. "Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" (PDF). Crisis Group Africa Briefing (181). Nairobi, Brussels: International Crisis Group. 25 May 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Lisa Schlein (1 April 2022). "Thousands Fleeing Violent Clashes in DRC in Need of Emergency Aid". VOA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Etahoben, Bisong (11 April 2022). "M23 Rebels Withdraw From Villages Captured In DR Congo". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Mohammed Yusuf (31 May 2022). "DRC Army: M23 Rebels Kill Two Congo Soldiers as Fighting Resumes". VOA. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Djaffar Sabiti (13 June 2022). "Congo rebels seize eastern border town, local activists say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bisong Etahoben (14 April 2022). "M23 Rebels Reclaim DR Congo Region After Military Takeover". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Al-Hadji Kudra Maliro; Justin Kabumba (13 June 2022). "Congo military accuses Rwanda of invasion; rebels seize town". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Robert Muhereza (14 June 2022). "Uganda halts Congo military operations". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
"RDC: les troupes de la MONUSCO "en position défensive" près de Bunagana". Radio Okapi. 15 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: les FARDC lancent l'assaut contre le M23 près de Bunagana". Radio Okapi. 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Rutshuru: les FARDC reprennent le contrôlent de la cité de Bunagana" [Rutshuru: the FARDC regains control of the city of Bunagana]. Agora Grands-Lacs (in French). 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 autour de Bunagana". Radio Okapi. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: la situation militaire demeure tendue à Jomba". Radio Okapi. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: Calme précaire à Rutshuru sur la ligne de front entre l'armée et le M23". Radio Okapi. 18 June 2022. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: nouveaux affrontements entre FARDC et M23 dans le groupement Bweza". Radio Okapi. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
"DR Congo rebels reopen border post with Uganda". Daily Monitor. AFP. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: les combats s'intensifient entre les FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" [North Kivu: fighting intensifies between the FARDC and M23 in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: 13 civils tués par les bombes lancées par le M23 à Kisigari" [North Kivu: 13 civilians killed by M23 bombs in Kisigari]. Radio Okapi (in French). 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"DR Congo: Resurgent M23 Rebels Target Civilians". Human Rights Watch. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
"RDC: nouveaux affrontements entre l'armée et le M23 à Rutshuru" [DRC: new clashes between the army and the M23 in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Rutshuru: les FARDC reprennent le contrôle de 4 villages jadis occupés par le M23" [Rutshuru: the FARDC regains control of 4 villages formerly occupied by the M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: deux villages de Jomba sous contrôle des FARDC" [North Kivu: two villages in Jomba under FARDC control]. Radio Okapi (in French). 30 June 2022. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: les FARDC affirment avoir "neutralisé 27 rebelles M23" à Rutshuru" [North Kivu: FARDC claims to have "neutralized 27 M23 rebels" in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 1 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"RDC: reprise des combats entre les FARDC et le M23 à Kisigari" [DRC: Renewed fighting between the FARDC and the M23 in Kisigari]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 July 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: calme précaire dans les zones de Bikenke et Ruseke" [North Kivu: Precarious calm in the areas of Bikenke and Ruseke]. Radio Okapi (in French). 4 July 2022. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"RDC: reprise des combats entre les FARDC et le M23" [DRC: Renewed fighting between the FARDC and the M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 7 July 2022. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: poursuite des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Ntamugenga" [North Kivu: Fighting continues between FARDC and M23 in Ntamugenga]. Radio Okapi (in French). 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Combats FARDC-M23: environ 2 600 ménages des déplacés recensés au village Buhiri" [FARDC-M23 fighting: about 2,600 displaced households identified in Buhiri village]. Radio Okapi (in French). 9 July 2022. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: afflux de déplacés à Nyirangongo à la suite des combats entre FARDC et M23" [North Kivu: Influx of displaced people in Nyirangongo following fighting between FARDC and M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 10 July 2022. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: le M23 installe une administration parallèle à Jomba" [North Kivu: M23 installs parallel administration in Jomba]. Radio Okapi (in French). 26 July 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"At Least 15 Killed as Anti-UN Protests Spread in Eastern DR Congo". Al Jazeera. 26 July 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" [North Kivu: Renewed fighting between FARDC and M23 in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 27 July 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Affrontements FARDC-M23: au moins 5 villages vidés de leurs populations à Rutshuru" [FARDC-M23 clashes: at least 5 villages emptied of their populations in Rutshuru]. Radio Okapi (in French). 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Rutshuru: la société civile déplore la trêve des FARDC engagées aux combats contre le M23" [Rutshuru: civil society deplores the truce of the FARDC engaged in the fight against the M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 11 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Mutualisation des forces de l'EAC: les groupes armés ciblés par la force militaire régionale" [Pooling of EAC forces: armed groups targeted by the regional military force]. Radio Okapi (in French). 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: l'armée dénonce de graves violations des droits humains lors des attaques du M23 le 16 août" [North Kivu: Army denounces serious human rights violations during M23 attacks on 16 August]. Radio Okapi (in French). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23" [North Kivu: renewed fighting between FARDC and M23]. Radio Okapi (in French). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
Bisong Etahoben (17 August 2022). "M23 Rebels Want Dialogue With DR Congo Government". HumAngle. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
"Rusthuru: le M23 accusé de bombarder ce vendredi les positions des FARDC à Rwanguba" [Rutshuru: M23 accused of bombing FARDC positions in Rwanguba]. Radio Okapi (in French). 19 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Congo fighting flares as hundreds shelter in convent – army, MSF". Reuters. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"DR Congo troops clash with M23 rebels". France24. 23 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"DR Congo Army Clashes With M23 Rebels Around Strategic Eastern Highway". The Defense Post. 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
Rebels makes new advance, and Congo expels Rwandan envoy Archived 30 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine
"Protesters in DRC set fire to UN vehicles in Goma". africanews. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
"Congo trains 3,000 new army recruits amid Rwanda tensions". greenwich time. 7 November 2022. Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
"Thousands displaced as M23 rebels near key DRC city of Goma". Al Jazeera. 15 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
"M23 claims capture of FDLR strongholds". The New Times. 17 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
"Rwanda says Congo fighter jet violated its airspace". Reuters. 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
"UN condemns M23 rebel offensive on DRC town as hundreds flee". Al Jazeera. 27 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
"Goma Suffocating After M23 Rebels Cut Off Road From Butembo". Taarifa. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
Malkia, Christina; Kabumba, Justin (24 February 2023). "Rebels capture more ground in Congo as fighting intensifies". News Times. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
Mulegwa, Pascal (27 February 2023). "Congolese M23 rebels seize major mining town of Rubaya". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
"Rebel Clashes Flare in East DR Congo Despite Pullout Plan". Voice of America. 28 February 2023. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
"Western Donors Pressed to Sanction Rwanda as DRC Violence Escalates". VOA. 17 March 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
"Nord-Kivu: le contingent ougandais de l'EAC cohabite avec les rebelles du M23 à Bunagana (sources locales)" [North Kivu: the Ugandan contingent of the EAC coexists with the M23 rebels in Bunagana (local sources)]. Radio Okapi. 4 April 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
"RDC: arrivée des détachements précurseurs des militaires sud-soudanais à Goma" [DRC: Arrival of the precursor detachments of the South Sudanese military in Goma]. Radio Okapi. 3 April 2023. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2025.
"Congo orders regional peacekeepers to leave by December". AP News. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
"Democratic Republic of Congo rocked by new M23 rebel offensive". Le Monde.fr. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
"DR Congo Fighting Moves Close To Goma City". Barron's. AFP. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
Ndushabandi, Claver (5 February 2024). "M23 Rebels Seize Strategic Town in Rapid Advance to Goma". Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Powell, Jim (15 March 2024). "The week around the world in 20 pictures". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
"Residents scatter as they fear Congo rebel group will again seize key eastern city of Goma". Associated Press News. 7 February 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Ndushabandi, Claver (7 February 2024). "M23 Rebels Advance Toward Sake as Thousands Flee to Goma". ChimpReports. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
"Rwanda-backed rebels have seized another town in eastern Congo". Associated Press News. 5 February 2025. Archived from the original on 10 February 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
"Congo says Rwanda-backed rebels occupy a 2nd major city in its mineral-rich east". Associated Press News. 16 February 2025. Archived from the original on 16 February 2025. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
"Poursuite des affrontements entre les FARDC et le M23 dans le territoire de Masisi (Nord-Kivu)". Radio Okapi (in French). 8 March 2025. Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
Esther, Adela Manema (24 August 2024). "Nord-Kivu: désenclaver Walikale, pour la sécurité des minerais congolais" [North Kivu: opening up Walikale for the security of Congolese minerals]. Finance Times (in French). Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
"Clashes continue in eastern Congo days after attack on civilians left many dead". Reuters. 9 March 2025. Archived from the original on 12 March 2025. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
"RDC: à la veille du début des négociations directes avec Kinshasa, la rébellion de l'AFC/M23 accentue la pression militaire en direction de Walikale-centre, les combats se rapprochent de Mutakato après avoir conquis Mpofi" [DRC: On the eve of the start of direct negotiations with Kinshasa, the AFC/M23 rebellion increases military pressure towards Walikale-centre, fighting moves closer to Mutakato after conquering Mpofi]. Actualite.cd (in French). 17 March 2025. Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
"Congo War Security Review". Critical Threats. 18 March 2025. Archived from the original on 21 March 2025. Retrieved 20 March 2025.
Besheer, Margaret (2 July 2022), UN: Well-Armed M23 Rebels Resurgent in DRC, Voice of America (published 29 June 2022), archived from the original on 7 August 2022, retrieved 9 August 2022
Claude Sengenya; Patricia Huon (7 July 2022). "Revived M23 rebellion worsens DR Congo's security troubles". The New Humanitarian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
"RDC: le gouvernement salue le rapport de l'ONU sur le soutien du Rwanda au M23". Radio Okapi. 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"Blood minerals: The laundering of DRC's 3T minerals by Rwanda and private entities" (PDF). Amsterdamandpartners.com. Washington DC, United States: Amsterdam & Partners LLP. April 2024. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
"United Nations Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo". United Nations Security Council. New York, New York, United States. 27 December 2024. pp. 12–15. Archived from the original on 4 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Jones, Pete; Smith, David (20 June 2012). "UN report on Rwanda fuelling Congo conflict 'blocked by US'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
Powell, Jim (15 March 2024). "The week around the world in 20 pictures". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
Knickmeyer, Ellen; Banchereau, Mark (25 April 2025). "The US oversees a peace pledge for east Congo, hoping to ease its access to critical minerals". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 26 April 2025.
"Why it's hard for Congo's coltan miners to abide by the law". The Economist. 21 January 2021. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

worldpoliticsreview.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Neiman, Sophie (8 October 2021). "Uganda's Illegal Gold Market Is Bustling". World Politics Review. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

Bariyo, Nicholas (5 September 2025). "U.N. Accuses Rwanda-Backed Rebels of Slaughtering Children, Other Civilians in Congo". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 25 September 2025.

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)

sg.news.yahoo.com

"After a 'flood of fire', Goma delivered to looters". Yahoo News. Agence France-Press. 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.

M23 offensive (2022–present) (English Wikipedia)

24newshd.tv (Global: low place; English: low place)

aa.com.tr (Global: 754th place; English: 1,313th place)

actualite.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

actucameroun.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

africacenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

africanews.com (Global: 3,550th place; English: 2,515th place)

afrikarabia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

agoragrandslacs.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268th place; English: 215th place)

allafrica.com (Global: 1,467th place; English: 939th place)

amnesty.org (Global: 1,367th place; English: 1,176th place)

amsterdamandpartners.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

apnews.com (Global: 129th place; English: 89th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

atlanticcouncil.org (Global: 5,865th place; English: 4,309th place)

barrons.com (Global: 2,737th place; English: 1,700th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

beto.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

cfr.org (Global: 2,812th place; English: 1,942nd place)

chimpreports.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnn.com (Global: 28th place; English: 26th place)

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

congoquotidien.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

congoresearchgroup.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

crisisgroup.org (Global: 6,150th place; English: 4,439th place)

criticalthreats.org (Global: 7,658th place; English: 8,192nd place)

d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

dw.com (Global: 204th place; English: 353rd place)

economist.com (Global: 254th place; English: 236th place)

euronews.com (Global: 612th place; English: 921st place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

ec.europa.eu

consilium.europa.eu

financetimes.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

flickr.com (Global: 1,013th place; English: 739th place)

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,234th place; English: 2,284th place)

france24.com (Global: 481st place; English: 508th place)

globalwitness.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

go.com (Global: 48th place; English: 39th place)

abcnews.go.com

greenwichtime.com (Global: low place; English: 7,102nd place)

heshimardc.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

hrw.org (Global: 729th place; English: 650th place)

humanglemedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

icct.nl (Global: low place; English: low place)

iccwomen.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ipisresearch.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

issafrica.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jamestown.org (Global: 2,677th place; English: 1,908th place)

jeuneafrique.com (Global: 1,305th place; English: 3,342nd place)

lefigaro.fr (Global: 113th place; English: 775th place)

lemonde.fr (Global: 83rd place; English: 603rd place)

mediacongo.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

minesactu.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

miningandbusiness.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

monitor.co.ug (Global: 5,222nd place; English: 2,954th place)

nationalpost.com (Global: 818th place; English: 524th place)

news24.com (Global: 1,309th place; English: 762nd place)

newstimes.com (Global: 9,414th place; English: 5,211th place)

newtimes.co.rw (Global: 9,039th place; English: 5,637th place)

newvision.co.ug (Global: 5,945th place; English: 3,303rd place)

nilepost.co.ug (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nyu.edu (Global: 1,174th place; English: 773rd place)

cic.nyu.edu

ohchr.org (Global: 1,210th place; English: 1,422nd place)

politico.cd (Global: low place; English: low place)

publishing.service.gov.uk (Global: 1,877th place; English: 1,129th place)

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk

radio-canada.ca (Global: 1,470th place; English: 2,697th place)

ici.radio-canada.ca

radiookapi.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

reliefweb.int (Global: 2,136th place; English: 1,442nd place)

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; English: 47th place)

rfi.fr (Global: 559th place; English: 1,777th place)

romania-insider.com (Global: 7,124th place; English: 5,263rd place)

sanews.gov.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

securitycouncilreport.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

aa.com.tr (Global: 754^th place; English: 1,313^th place)

africanews.com (Global: 3,550^th place; English: 2,515^th place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 268^th place; English: 215^th place)

allafrica.com (Global: 1,467^th place; English: 939^th place)

amnesty.org (Global: 1,367^th place; English: 1,176^th place)

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

atlanticcouncil.org (Global: 5,865^th place; English: 4,309^th place)

barrons.com (Global: 2,737^th place; English: 1,700^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

cfr.org (Global: 2,812^th place; English: 1,942^nd place)

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

crisisgroup.org (Global: 6,150^th place; English: 4,439^th place)

criticalthreats.org (Global: 7,658^th place; English: 8,192^nd place)

dw.com (Global: 204^th place; English: 353^rd place)

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

euronews.com (Global: 612^th place; English: 921^st place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

flickr.com (Global: 1,013^th place; English: 739^th place)

foreignaffairs.com (Global: 3,234^th place; English: 2,284^th place)

france24.com (Global: 481^st place; English: 508^th place)

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

greenwichtime.com (Global: low place; English: 7,102^nd place)

hrw.org (Global: 729^th place; English: 650^th place)

jamestown.org (Global: 2,677^th place; English: 1,908^th place)

jeuneafrique.com (Global: 1,305^th place; English: 3,342^nd place)

lefigaro.fr (Global: 113^th place; English: 775^th place)

lemonde.fr (Global: 83^rd place; English: 603^rd place)

monitor.co.ug (Global: 5,222^nd place; English: 2,954^th place)

nationalpost.com (Global: 818^th place; English: 524^th place)

news24.com (Global: 1,309^th place; English: 762^nd place)

newstimes.com (Global: 9,414^th place; English: 5,211^th place)

newtimes.co.rw (Global: 9,039^th place; English: 5,637^th place)

newvision.co.ug (Global: 5,945^th place; English: 3,303^rd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nyu.edu (Global: 1,174^th place; English: 773^rd place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,210^th place; English: 1,422^nd place)

publishing.service.gov.uk (Global: 1,877^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

radio-canada.ca (Global: 1,470^th place; English: 2,697^th place)

reliefweb.int (Global: 2,136^th place; English: 1,442^nd place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

rfi.fr (Global: 559^th place; English: 1,777^th place)

romania-insider.com (Global: 7,124^th place; English: 5,263^rd place)

taz.de (Global: 753^rd place; English: 3,895^th place)

theafricareport.com (Global: 8,967^th place; English: 5,579^th place)

thedefensepost.com (Global: 9,268^th place; English: 6,642^nd place)

theeastafrican.co.ke (Global: 8,052^nd place; English: 5,016^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

thehill.com (Global: 476^th place; English: 282^nd place)

thehindu.com (Global: 52^nd place; English: 35^th place)

trtworld.com (Global: 4,875^th place; English: 3,037^th place)

tv5monde.com (Global: 4,883^rd place; English: low place)

un.org (Global: 97^th place; English: 164^th place)

understandingwar.org (Global: 1,571^st place; English: 1,784^th place)

usnews.com (Global: 634^th place; English: 432^nd place)

voanews.com (Global: 581^st place; English: 738^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)