MDMA (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "MDMA" in English language version.

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"ACT government decriminalises small amounts of illicit drugs including speed, heroin and cocaine". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2023.

aclu.org

"Court Rejects Harsh Federal Drug Sentencing Guideline as Scientifically Unjustified". American Civil Liberties Union. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2012.

amazon.com

Molly Madness. Drugs, Inc. (TV documentary). National Geographic Channel. 13 August 2014. ASIN B00LIC368M.
Manic Molly. Drugs, Inc. (TV documentary). National Geographic Channel. 10 December 2014. ASIN B00LIC368M.

apnews.com

Baker K (30 May 1985). "DEA To Ban "Ecstasy" – The Drug MDMA". The Associated Press. Retrieved 7 August 2015.

archive.org

Beck J, Rosenbaum M (1994). "The Distribution of Ecstasy". Pursuit of Ecstasy : The MDMA Experience. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1817-8.
Doblin R, Rosenbaum M (1991). "Chapter 6: Why MDMA Should Not Have Been Made Illegal" (PDF). In Inciardi JA (ed.). The Drug Legalization Debate (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8039-3678-2. Retrieved 10 August 2015.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Halvorsen JØ, Naudet F, Cristea IA (October 2021). "Challenges with benchmarking of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy" (PDF). Nature Medicine. 27 (10): 1689–1690. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01525-0. PMID 34635857. S2CID 238636360.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Lay summary: "Scientists want new drug rankings". BBC News. 23 March 2007.
"Why ecstasy is 'vanishing' from UK nightclubs". BBC News. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Ecstasy on Prescription". BBC Business Daily. 29 May 2018.

books.google.com

Palmer RB (2012). Medical toxicology of drug abuse : synthesized chemicals and psychoactive plants. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-471-72760-6.
World Health Organization (2004). Neuroscience of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence. World Health Organization. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-92-4-156235-5. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016.
Freye E (2009). Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs: A comprehensive review on their mode of action, treatment of abuse and intoxication. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 147. ISBN 978-90-481-2448-0.
Patel V (2010). Mental and neurological public health a global perspective (1st ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press/Elsevier. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-12-381527-9. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
Reynolds S (1999). Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-415-92373-6.
McCrady BS, Epstein EE, eds. (2013). Addictions: a comprehensive guidebook (Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-19-975366-6.
Capuzzi D, Gross DR, eds. (21 November 2014). Youth at Risk: A Prevention Resource for Counselors, Teachers, and Parents. John Wiley & Sons. p. 379. ISBN 978-1-119-02694-5.
Parrott AC (2012). "13. MDMA and LSD". In Verster J, Brady K, Galanter M, Conrod P (eds.). Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences and Treatment. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-4614-3375-0.
Mack AH, Brady KT, Miller SI, Frances RJ (12 May 2016). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. Guilford Publications. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-4625-2169-2. MDMA's addictive liability appears to be lower than that of other drugs of abuse....
Ries R, Miller SC, Fiellin DA (2009). Principles of addiction medicine (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-7817-7477-2. MDA and MDMA are less reinforcing than amphetamine...
Mack AH, Brady KT, Miller SI, Frances RJ (12 May 2016). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. Guilford Publications. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4625-2169-2. There are no known pharmacological treatments for MDMA addiction.
Eisner B (1994). Ecstasy : The MDMA Story (Expanded 2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ronin Publishing. ISBN 978-0-914171-68-3.
Beck J, Rosenbaum M (1994). "The Distribution of Ecstasy". Pursuit of Ecstasy : The MDMA Experience. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1817-8.
Collin M, Godfrey J (2010). "The Technologies of Pleasure". Altered State: The Story of Ecstasy Culture and Acid House (Updated new ed.). London: Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-84765-641-4.
Power M (2013). Drugs 2.0 : the web revolution that's changing how the world gets high (epub file). London: Portobello. ISBN 978-1-84627-459-6.

canada.ca

"Subsection 56(1) class exemption for practitioners, agents, pharmacists, persons in charge of a hospital, hospital employees, and licensed dealers to conduct activities with psilocybin and MDMA in relation to a special access program authorization". Health Canada. 5 January 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.

cbc.ca

"B.C. recorded 211 toxic drug deaths — almost 7 a day — in January, coroner reports". CBC.ca. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.

csp.org

Saunders N (29 July 1995). "The Agony and Ecstasy of God's path". Council on Spiritual Practices (CSP). Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2011.

dea.gov

"MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)" (PDF). 2015 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary. United States Department of Justice: Drug Enforcement Administration. October 2015. pp. 85–88. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.

doi.org

Luciano RL, Perazella MA (June 2014). "Nephrotoxic effects of designer drugs: synthetic is not better!". Nature Reviews. Nephrology. 10 (6): 314–24. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2014.44. PMID 24662435. S2CID 9817771.
Betzler F, Viohl L, Romanczuk-Seiferth N (January 2017). "Decision-making in chronic ecstasy users: a systematic review". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 45 (1): 34–44. doi:10.1111/ejn.13480. PMID 27859780. S2CID 31694072. ...the addictive potential of MDMA itself is relatively small.
Jerome L, Schuster S, Yazar-Klosinski BB (March 2013). "Can MDMA play a role in the treatment of substance abuse?" (PDF). Current Drug Abuse Reviews. 6 (1): 54–62. doi:10.2174/18744737112059990005. PMID 23627786. S2CID 9327169. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2020. Animal and human studies demonstrate moderate abuse liability for MDMA, and this effect may be of most concern to those treating substance abuse disorders.
Freye E (28 July 2009). "Pharmacological Effects of MDMA in Man". Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs. Springer Netherlands. pp. 151–160. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2448-0_24. ISBN 978-90-481-2448-0.
Carvalho M, Carmo H, Costa VM, Capela JP, Pontes H, Remião F, Carvalho F, Bastos M (August 2012). "Toxicity of amphetamines: an update". Archives of Toxicology. 86 (8): 1167–231. doi:10.1007/s00204-012-0815-5. PMID 22392347. S2CID 2873101.
Palamar JJ (7 December 2016). "There's something about Molly: The underresearched yet popular powder form of ecstasy in the United States". Substance Abuse. 38 (1): 15–17. doi:10.1080/08897077.2016.1267070. PMC 5578728. PMID 27925866.
Meyer JS (2013). "3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 4: 83–99. doi:10.2147/SAR.S37258. PMC 3931692. PMID 24648791.
Mitchell JM, Bogenschutz M, Lilienstein A, Harrison C, Kleiman S, Parker-Guilbert K, et al. (July 2023). "MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Severe PTSD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study". Focus. 21 (3): 315–328. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.23021011. PMC 10316215. PMID 37404971.
Danforth AL, Struble CM, Yazar-Klosinski B, Grob CS (January 2016). "MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 64: 237–249. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.011. PMID 25818246.
Danforth AL, Grob CS, Struble C, Feduccia AA, Walker N, Jerome L, et al. (November 2018). "Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study". Psychopharmacology. 235 (11): 3137–3148. doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5010-9. PMC 6208958. PMID 30196397.
Freudenmann RW, Öxler F, Bernschneider-Reif S (August 2006). "The origin of MDMA (ecstasy) revisited: the true story reconstructed from the original documents" (PDF). Addiction. 101 (9): 1241–1245. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01511.x. PMID 16911722. Although MDMA was, in fact, first synthesized at Merck in 1912, it was not tested pharmacologically because it was only an unimportant precursor in a new synthesis for haemostatic substances.
White CM (March 2014). "How MDMA's pharmacology and pharmacokinetics drive desired effects and harms". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 54 (3): 245–252. doi:10.1002/jcph.266. PMID 24431106. S2CID 6223741.
Sessa B, Aday JS, O'Brien S, Curran HV, Measham F, Higbed L, Nutt DJ (March 2022). "Debunking the myth of 'Blue Mondays': No evidence of affect drop after taking clinical MDMA". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 36 (3): 360–367. doi:10.1177/02698811211055809. PMID 34894842. S2CID 245184699.
Lyles J, Cadet JL (May 2003). "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) neurotoxicity: cellular and molecular mechanisms". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 42 (2): 155–168. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(03)00173-5. PMID 12738056. S2CID 45330713.
Liechti ME, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX (March 2001). "Gender differences in the subjective effects of MDMA". Psychopharmacology. 154 (2): 161–8. doi:10.1007/s002130000648. PMID 11314678. S2CID 20251888.
Greene SL, Kerr F, Braitberg G (October 2008). "Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse". Emergency Medicine Australasia. 20 (5): 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x. PMID 18973636. S2CID 20755466.
Baggott MJ, Kirkpatrick MG, Bedi G, de Wit H (June 2015). "Intimate insight: MDMA changes how people talk about significant others". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 29 (6): 669–77. doi:10.1177/0269881115581962. PMC 4698152. PMID 25922420.
Schmid Y, Hysek CM, Simmler LD, Crockett MJ, Quednow BB, Liechti ME (September 2014). "Differential effects of MDMA and methylphenidate on social cognition" (PDF). Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28 (9): 847–56. doi:10.1177/0269881114542454. PMID 25052243. S2CID 25713943.
Wardle MC, de Wit H (October 2014). "MDMA alters emotional processing and facilitates positive social interaction". Psychopharmacology. 231 (21): 4219–29. doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3570-x. PMC 4194242. PMID 24728603.
Kamilar-Britt P, Bedi G (October 2015). "The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 57: 433–46. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.016. PMC 4678620. PMID 26408071.
Hysek CM, Simmler LD, Nicola VG, Vischer N, Donzelli M, Krähenbühl S, et al. (4 May 2012). Laks J (ed.). "Duloxetine inhibits effects of MDMA ("ecstasy") in vitro and in humans in a randomized placebo-controlled laboratory study". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e36476. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...736476H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036476. PMC 3344887. PMID 22574166.
Yuki F, Rie I, Miki K, Mitsuhiro W, Naotaka K, Kenichiro N (April 2013). "Warning against co-administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) with methamphetamine from the perspective of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations in rat brain". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 49 (1): 57–64. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2013.01.014. PMID 23395913.
Hamida SB, Tracqui A, de Vasconcelos AP, Szwarc E, Lazarus C, Kelche C, et al. (July 2009). "Ethanol increases the distribution of MDMA to the rat brain: possible implications in the ethanol-induced potentiation of the psychostimulant effects of MDMA". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 12 (6): 749–759. doi:10.1017/s1461145708009693. PMID 19046482. S2CID 24230367.
Oesterheld JR, Armstrong SC, Cozza KL (1 March 2004). "Ecstasy: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions". Psychosomatics. 45 (1): 84–87. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.45.1.84. PMID 14709765.
Sessa B, Nutt D (January 2015). "Making a medicine out of MDMA". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 206 (1): 4–6. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.152751. PMID 25561485.
Climko RP, Roehrich H, Sweeney DR, Al-Razi J (1986). "Ecstacy: a review of MDMA and MDA". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 16 (4): 359–72. doi:10.2190/dcrp-u22m-aumd-d84h. PMID 2881902. S2CID 31902958.
Jerome L, Feduccia AA, Wang JB, Hamilton S, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, et al. (August 2020). "Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials". Psychopharmacology. 237 (8): 2485–2497. doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05548-2. PMC 7351848. PMID 32500209.
Singleton SP, Wang J, Mithoefer M, Hanlon CA, George MS, Mithoefer A, et al. (2023). "Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 13: 947622. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.947622. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 9879604. PMID 36713926.
Watson L, Beck J (1991). "New age seekers: MDMA use as an adjunct to spiritual pursuit". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 23 (3): 261–70. doi:10.1080/02791072.1991.10471587. PMID 1685513.
Keane M (February 2014). "Recognising and managing acute hyponatraemia". Emergency Nurse. 21 (9): 32–6, quiz 37. doi:10.7748/en2014.02.21.9.32.e1128. PMID 24494770.
White CM (March 2014). "How MDMA's pharmacology and pharmacokinetics drive desired effects and harms". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 54 (3): 245–52. doi:10.1002/jcph.266. PMID 24431106. S2CID 6223741.
Spauwen LW, Niekamp AM, Hoebe CJ, Dukers-Muijrers NH (February 2015). "Drug use, sexual risk behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among swingers: a cross-sectional study in The Netherlands". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 91 (1): 31–6. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2014-051626. PMID 25342812. It is known that some recreational drugs (eg, MDMA or GHB) may hamper the potential to ejaculate or maintain an erection.
Alvarenga TA, Andersen ML, Ribeiro DA, Araujo P, Hirotsu C, Costa JL, et al. (January 2010). "Single exposure to cocaine or ecstasy induces DNA damage in brain and other organs of mice". Addiction Biology. 15 (1): 96–99. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00179.x. PMID 19878142. S2CID 21347765.
Alvarenga TA, Ribeiro DA, Araujo P, Hirotsu C, Mazaro-Costa R, Costa JL, et al. (September 2011). "Sleep loss and acute drug abuse can induce DNA damage in multiple organs of mice". Human & Experimental Toxicology. 30 (9): 1275–1281. Bibcode:2011HETox..30.1275A. doi:10.1177/0960327110388535. PMID 21071548. S2CID 25477893.
Frenzilli G, Ferrucci M, Giorgi FS, Blandini F, Nigro M, Ruggieri S, et al. (September 2007). "DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress in the hippocampal formation: a bridge between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) intake and long-lasting behavioral alterations". Behavioural Pharmacology. 18 (5–6): 471–481. doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e3282d518aa. PMID 17762515. S2CID 38285923.
Garg A, Kapoor S, Goel M, Chopra S, Chopra M, Kapoor A, McCann UD, Behera C (2015). "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Abstinent MDMA Users: A Review". Current Drug Abuse Reviews. 8 (1): 15–25. doi:10.2174/1874473708666150303115833. PMID 25731754.
Mueller F, Lenz C, Steiner M, Dolder PC, Walter M, Lang UE, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S (March 2016). "Neuroimaging in moderate MDMA use: A systematic review". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 62: 21–34. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.010. PMID 26746590.
Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Daumann J (2009). "Neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse--the case of methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDMA, ecstasy), and amphetamines". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 11 (3): 305–17. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.3/egmayfrank. PMC 3181923. PMID 19877498.
Halpin LE, Collins SA, Yamamoto BK (February 2014). "Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine". Life Sciences. 97 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.014. PMC 3870191. PMID 23892199. In contrast, MDMA produces damage to serotonergic, but not dopaminergic axon terminals in the striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (Battaglia et al., 1987, O'Hearn et al., 1988). The damage associated with Meth and MDMA has been shown to persist for at least 2 years in rodents, non-human primates and humans (Seiden et al., 1988, Woolverton et al., 1989, McCann et al., 1998, Volkow et al., 2001a, McCann et al., 2005)
Szigeti B, Winstock AR, Erritzoe D, Maier LJ (July 2018). "Are ecstasy induced serotonergic alterations overestimated for the majority of users?". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 32 (7): 741–748. doi:10.1177/0269881118767646. PMID 29733742. S2CID 13660975. Given the dose-response relationship between MDMA exposure and SERT reductions and the statistically non-significant SERT binding differences for users with use levels similar to the majority of real-life users, it can be speculated that SERT levels may not be significantly affected for most recreational ecstasy users.
Roberts CA, Jones A, Montgomery C (April 2016). "Meta-analysis of molecular imaging of serotonin transporters in ecstasy/polydrug users". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 63: 158–67. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.003. PMID 26855234.
Parrott AC (2014). "The potential dangers of using MDMA for psychotherapy". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 46 (1): 37–43. doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.873690. PMID 24830184. S2CID 23485480.
Rogers G, Elston J, Garside R, Roome C, Taylor R, Younger P, Zawada A, Somerville M (January 2009). "The harmful health effects of recreational ecstasy: a systematic review of observational evidence". Health Technology Assessment. 13 (6): iii–iv, ix–xii, 1–315. doi:10.3310/hta13050. hdl:10871/11534. PMID 19195429.
Kuypers KP, Theunissen EL, van Wel JH, de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Linssen A, Sambeth A, Schultz BG, Ramaekers JG (2016). "Verbal Memory Impairment in Polydrug Ecstasy Users: A Clinical Perspective". PLOS ONE. 11 (2): e0149438. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1149438K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149438. PMC 4764468. PMID 26907605.
Laws KR, Kokkalis J (August 2007). "Ecstasy (MDMA) and memory function: a meta-analytic update". Human Psychopharmacology. 22 (6): 381–8. doi:10.1002/hup.857. PMID 17621368. S2CID 25353240.
Kousik SM, Napier TC, Carvey PM (2012). "The effects of psychostimulant drugs on blood brain barrier function and neuroinflammation". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 3: 121. doi:10.3389/fphar.2012.00121. PMC 3386512. PMID 22754527.
Boyle NT, Connor TJ (September 2010). "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy')-induced immunosuppression: a cause for concern?". British Journal of Pharmacology. 161 (1): 17–32. doi:10.1111/J.1476-5381.2010.00899.X. PMC 2962814. PMID 20718737.
Cavero I, Guillon JM (2014). "Safety Pharmacology assessment of drugs with biased 5-HT(2B) receptor agonism mediating cardiac valvulopathy". Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 69 (2): 150–161. doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2013.12.004. PMID 24361689.
Padhariya K, Bhandare R, Canney D, Velingkar V (2017). "Cardiovascular Concern of 5-HT2B Receptor and Recent Vistas in the Development of Its Antagonists". Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets. 17 (2): 86–104. doi:10.2174/1871529X17666170703115111. PMID 28676029.
Koczor CA, Ludlow I, Hight RS, Jiao Z, Fields E, Ludaway T, et al. (November 2015). "Ecstasy (MDMA) Alters Cardiac Gene Expression and DNA Methylation: Implications for Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction in the Heart". Toxicological Sciences. 148 (1): 183–191. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv170. PMC 4731408. PMID 26251327.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Lay summary: "Scientists want new drug rankings". BBC News. 23 March 2007.
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