Macro-haplogroup L (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Macro-haplogroup L" in English language version.

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57nih.gov

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academia.edu

Caruana, Josef (2016). The Genetic Heritage of the Maltese Islands: A Matrilineal perspective.

doi.org

151.6–233.6 ka 95% CI according to: Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Macaulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin B. (June 2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–759. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
Age estimates (ka, 95% CI in angular brackets): ML whole-mtDNA age estimate: 178.8 [155.6; 202.2], ρ whole-mtDNA age estimate: 185.2 [153.8; 216.9], ρ synonymous age estimate (ka): 174.8 [153.8; 216.9]: Rito, Teresa; Richards, Martin B.; Fernandes, Verónica; Alshamali, Farida; Cerny, Viktor; Pereira, Luísa; Soares, Pedro (2013-11-13). "The First Modern Human Dispersals across Africa". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e80031. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880031R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080031. PMC 3827445. PMID 24236171.
Gonder MK, Mortensen HM, Reed FA, de Sousa A, Tishkoff SA (March 2007). "Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages". Mol. Biol. Evol. 24 (3): 757–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl209. PMID 17194802.
Posth, Cosimo; Wißing, Christoph; Kitagawa, Keiko; Pagani, Luca; van Holstein, Laura; Racimo, Fernando; Wehrberger, Kurt; Conard, Nicholas J.; Kind, Claus Joachim; Bocherens, Hervé; Krause, Johannes (December 2017). "Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 16046. Bibcode:2017NatCo...816046P. doi:10.1038/ncomms16046. PMC 5500885. PMID 28675384.
Behar, Doron M.; Villems, Richard; Soodyall, Himla; Blue-Smith, Jason; Pereira, Luisa; Metspalu, Ene; Scozzari, Rosaria; Makkan, Heeran; Tzur, Shay; Comas, David; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wells, R. Spencer; Rosset, Saharon; Genographic, Consortium. (May 2008). "The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (5): 1130–1140. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.002. PMC 2427203. PMID 18439549.
van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386 – E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
Briggs, A. W.; Good, J. M.; Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Maricic, T.; et al. (2009-07-16). "Targeted Retrieval and Analysis of Five Neandertal mtDNA Genomes". Science. 325 (5938). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 318–321. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..318B. doi:10.1126/science.1174462. hdl:10651/7328. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19608918. S2CID 7117454.
Ferreira, Renata C; Rodrigues, Camila R; Broach, James R; Briones, Marcelo RS (2017-09-18). "Neandertal signatures in modern human mitochondrial genome haplogroups?". bioRxiv 10.1101/190363.
Tishkoff, S. A.; Gonder, M. K.; Henn, B. M.; Mortensen, H.; Knight, A.; Gignoux, C.; Fernandopulle, N.; Lema, G.; Nyambo, T. B.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reed, F. A.; Mountain, J. L. (2007-07-21). "History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (10): 2180–2195. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm155. PMID 17656633.
Marina Silva, Farida Alshamali, Paula Silva, Carla Carrilho, Flávio Mandlate, Maria Jesus Trovoada, Viktor Černý, Luísa Pereira, Pedro Soares, "60,000 years of interactions between Central and Eastern Africa documented by major African mitochondrial haplogroup L2", Sci Rep. 2015; 5: 12526, doi:10.1038/srep12526
point estimate 168.5 ka (136.3–201.1 ka 95% CI) according to Heinz, Tanja; Pala, Maria; Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Richards, Martin B.; Salas, Antonio (March 2017). "Updating the African human mitochondrial DNA tree: Relevance to forensic and population genetics". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 27: 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.016. PMID 28086175. (table 2). 150 ka suggested in:Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; MacAulay, Vincent (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773..
Gonder MK, Mortensen HM, Reed FA, de Sousa A, Tishkoff SA (March 2007). "Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (3): 757–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl209. PMID 17194802. the presence of haplogroups N1 and J in Tanzania suggest "back" migration from the Middle East or Eurasia into eastern Africa, which has been inferred from previous studies of other populations in eastern Africa
Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Villems, Richard (July 2004). "MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (4): 340–352. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00100.x. hdl:10400.13/3044. PMID 15225159. S2CID 15391342.
Abu-Amero KK, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, González AM (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula". BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (1): 45. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8...45A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-45. PMC 2268671. PMID 18269758.
Kivisild, Toomas; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Pennarun, Erwan; Parik, Jüri; Geberhiwot, Tarekegn; Usanga, Esien; Villems, Richard (November 2004). "Ethiopian Mitochondrial DNA Heritage: Tracking Gene Flow Across and Around the Gate of Tears". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (5): 752–770. doi:10.1086/425161. PMC 1182106. PMID 15457403.
Salas, Antonio; Richards, Martin; De la Fe, Tomás; Lareu, María-Victoria; Sobrino, Beatriz; Sánchez-Diz, Paula; Macaulay, Vincent; Carracedo, Ángel (November 2002). "The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 71 (5): 1082–1111. doi:10.1086/344348. PMC 385086. PMID 12395296.
Chen, Yu-Sheng; Olckers, Antonel; Schurr, Theodore G.; Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Huoponen, Kirsi; Wallace, Douglas C. (April 2000). "mtDNA Variation in the South African Kung and Khwe—and Their Genetic Relationships to Other African Populations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (4): 1362–1383. doi:10.1086/302848. PMC 1288201. PMID 10739760.
Isaacs, Shafieka; Geduld-Ullah, Tasneem; Benjeddou, Mongi (July 2013). "Reconstruction of major maternal and paternal lineages of the Cape Muslim population". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 36 (2): 167–176. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572013005000019. PMC 3715281. PMID 23885197.
Cherni L, Loueslati BY, Pereira L, Ennafaâ H, Amorim A, El Gaaied AB (February 2005). "Female gene pools of Berber and Arab neighboring communities in central Tunisia: microstructure of mtDNA variation in North Africa". Human Biology. 77 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0028. hdl:10216/109267. PMID 16114817. S2CID 7022459.
Turchi, Chiara; Buscemi, Loredana; Giacchino, Erika; Onofri, Valerio; Fendt, Liane; Parson, Walther; Tagliabracci, Adriano (June 2009). "Polymorphisms of mtDNA control region in Tunisian and Moroccan populations: An enrichment of forensic mtDNA databases with Northern Africa data". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 3 (3): 166–172. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.01.014. PMID 19414164.
Behar, Doron M.; Metspalu, Ene; Kivisild, Toomas; Rosset, Saharon; Tzur, Shay; Hadid, Yarin; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Rosengarten, Dror; Pereira, Luisa; Amorim, Antonio; Kutuev, Ildus; Gurwitz, David; Bonne-Tamir, Batsheva; Villems, Richard; Skorecki, Karl (30 April 2008). "Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora". PLOS ONE. 3 (4): e2062. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2062B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062. PMC 2323359. PMID 18446216.
Harich, Nourdin; Costa, Marta D; Fernandes, Verónica; Kandil, Mostafa; Pereira, Joana B; Silva, Nuno M; Pereira, Luísa (2010). "The trans-Saharan slave trade - clues from interpolation analyses and high-resolution characterization of mitochondrial DNA lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 138. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..138H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-138. PMC 2875235. PMID 20459715.
Černý, Viktor; Mulligan, Connie J.; Rídl, Jakub; Žaloudková, Martina; Edens, Christopher M.; Hájek, Martin; Pereira, Luísa (June 2008). "Regional differences in the distribution of the sub-Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (2): 128–137. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20784. PMID 18257024.
Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Metspalu, Ene; Fornarino, Simona; Battaglia, Vincenza; Accetturo, Matteo; Kutuev, Ildus; Khusnutdinova, Elsa; Pennarun, Erwan; Cerutti, Nicoletta; Di Gaetano, Cornelia; Crobu, Francesca; Palli, Domenico; Matullo, Giuseppe; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Semino, Ornella; Villems, Richard; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Piazza, Alberto; Torroni, Antonio (April 2007). "Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Modern Tuscans Supports the Near Eastern Origin of Etruscans". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (4): 759–768. doi:10.1086/512822. PMC 1852723. PMID 17357081.
Abu-Amero, Khaled K; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Bosley, Thomas M; Cabrera, Vicente M (2007). "Eurasian and African mitochondrial DNA influences in the Saudi Arabian population". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-32. PMC 1810519. PMID 17331239.
Pereira L, Cunha C, Alves C, Amorim A (April 2005). "African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times". Human Biology. 77 (2): 213–29. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0041. hdl:10216/109268. PMID 16201138. S2CID 20901589.
Casas MJ, Hagelberg E, Fregel R, Larruga JM, González AM (December 2006). "Human mitochondrial DNA diversity in an archaeological site in al-Andalus: genetic impact of migrations from North Africa in medieval Spain". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 131 (4): 539–51. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20463. PMID 16685727.
Brehm A, Pereira L, Kivisild T, Amorim A (December 2003). "Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and Açores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers". Human Genetics. 114 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1024-3. hdl:10400.13/3046. PMID 14513360. S2CID 8870699.
Alvarez L, Santos C, Ramos A, Pratdesaba R, Francalacci P, Aluja MP (August 2010). "Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Iberian Northern plateau: population dynamics and substructure of the Zamora province". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142 (4): 531–39. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21252. PMID 20127843.
Alvarez L, Santos C, Ramos A, Pratdesaba R, Francalacci P, Aluja MP (August 2010). "Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Iberian Northern plateau: population dynamics and substructure of the Zamora province". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142 (4): 531–39. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21252. PMID 20127843. As regards sub-Saharan Hgs (L1b, L2b, and L3b), the high frequency found in the southern regions of Zamora, 18.2% in Sayago and 8.1% in Bajo Duero, is comparable to that described for the South of Portugal
Ottoni, Claudio; Martinez-Labarga, Cristina; Vitelli, Luciana; Scano, Giuseppina; Fabrini, Enrico; Contini, Irene; Biondi, Gianfranco; Rickards, Olga (December 2009). "Human mitochondrial DNA variation in Southern Italy". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (6): 785–811. doi:10.3109/03014460903198509. PMID 19852679. S2CID 1788055.
Hernández, Candela L.; Soares, Pedro; Dugoujon, Jean M.; Novelletto, Andrea; Rodríguez, Juan N.; Rito, Teresa; Oliveira, Marisa; Melhaoui, Mohammed; Baali, Abdellatif; Pereira, Luisa; Calderón, Rosario (28 October 2015). "Early Holocenic and Historic mtDNA African Signatures in the Iberian Peninsula: The Andalusian Region as a Paradigm". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139784. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039784H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139784. PMC 4624789. PMID 26509580.
Bycroft, Clare; Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres; Ruiz-Ponte, Clara; Quintela, Inés; Carracedo, Ángel; Donnelly, Peter; Myers, Simon (2019-02-01). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
Pena, S.D.J.; Bastos-Rodrigues, L.; Pimenta, J.R.; Bydlowski, S.P. (11 September 2009). "DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of Brazilians". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 42 (10): 870–876. doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000026. PMID 19738982.
Bobillo, Maria Cecilia; Zimmermann, Bettina; Sala, Andrea; Huber, Gabriela; Röck, Alexander; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Corach, Daniel; Parson, Walther (July 2010). "Amerindian mitochondrial DNA haplogroups predominate in the population of Argentina: towards a first nationwide forensic mitochondrial DNA sequence database". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 124 (4): 263–268. doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0366-3. PMC 1287189. PMID 19680675.
Bobillo, Maria Cecilia; Zimmermann, Bettina; Sala, Andrea; Huber, Gabriela; Röck, Alexander; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Corach, Daniel; Parson, Walther (July 2010). "Amerindian mitochondrial DNA haplogroups predominate in the population of Argentina: towards a first nationwide forensic mitochondrial DNA sequence database". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 124 (4): 263–268. doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0366-3. PMID 19680675. S2CID 13260716.
Bedoya, Gabriel; Montoya, Patricia; García, Jenny; Soto, Ivan; Bourgeois, Stephane; Carvajal, Luis; Labuda, Damian; Alvarez, Victor; Ospina, Jorge; Hedrick, Philip W.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (9 May 2006). "Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19): 7234–7239. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7234B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508716103. JSTOR 30049673. PMC 1464326. PMID 16648268.
Green LD, Derr JN, Knight A (March 2000). "mtDNA affinities of the peoples of North-Central Mexico". American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (3): 989–98. doi:10.1086/302801. PMC 1288179. PMID 10712213.
Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Arenas-Aranda, Diego.; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Buentello-Malo, Leonor.; González-Valencia, Gerardo.; Torres, Javier.; Álvarez, Berenice.; Mendoza, Irma.; Flores, Mario.; Sandoval, Lucila.; Loeza, Francisco.; Ramos, Irma.; Muñoz, Leopoldo.; Salamanca, Fabio. (2007). "Characterization of mtDNA Haplogroups in 14 Mexican Indigenous Populations". Human Biology. 79 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0042. PMID 18078204. S2CID 35654242.

funpecrp.com.br

Gonçalves VF, Prosdocimi F, Santos LS, Ortega JM, Pena SD (2007). "Sex-biased gene flow in African Americans but not in American Caucasians". Genetics and Molecular Research. 6 (2): 256–61. PMID 17573655. Archived from the original on 2025-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-10.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Briggs, A. W.; Good, J. M.; Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Maricic, T.; et al. (2009-07-16). "Targeted Retrieval and Analysis of Five Neandertal mtDNA Genomes". Science. 325 (5938). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 318–321. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..318B. doi:10.1126/science.1174462. hdl:10651/7328. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19608918. S2CID 7117454.
Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Villems, Richard (July 2004). "MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (4): 340–352. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00100.x. hdl:10400.13/3044. PMID 15225159. S2CID 15391342.
Cherni L, Loueslati BY, Pereira L, Ennafaâ H, Amorim A, El Gaaied AB (February 2005). "Female gene pools of Berber and Arab neighboring communities in central Tunisia: microstructure of mtDNA variation in North Africa". Human Biology. 77 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0028. hdl:10216/109267. PMID 16114817. S2CID 7022459.
Pereira L, Cunha C, Alves C, Amorim A (April 2005). "African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times". Human Biology. 77 (2): 213–29. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0041. hdl:10216/109268. PMID 16201138. S2CID 20901589.
Brehm A, Pereira L, Kivisild T, Amorim A (December 2003). "Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and Açores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers". Human Genetics. 114 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1024-3. hdl:10400.13/3046. PMID 14513360. S2CID 8870699.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Age estimates (ka, 95% CI in angular brackets): ML whole-mtDNA age estimate: 178.8 [155.6; 202.2], ρ whole-mtDNA age estimate: 185.2 [153.8; 216.9], ρ synonymous age estimate (ka): 174.8 [153.8; 216.9]: Rito, Teresa; Richards, Martin B.; Fernandes, Verónica; Alshamali, Farida; Cerny, Viktor; Pereira, Luísa; Soares, Pedro (2013-11-13). "The First Modern Human Dispersals across Africa". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e80031. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880031R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080031. PMC 3827445. PMID 24236171.
Posth, Cosimo; Wißing, Christoph; Kitagawa, Keiko; Pagani, Luca; van Holstein, Laura; Racimo, Fernando; Wehrberger, Kurt; Conard, Nicholas J.; Kind, Claus Joachim; Bocherens, Hervé; Krause, Johannes (December 2017). "Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 16046. Bibcode:2017NatCo...816046P. doi:10.1038/ncomms16046. PMC 5500885. PMID 28675384.
Briggs, A. W.; Good, J. M.; Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Maricic, T.; et al. (2009-07-16). "Targeted Retrieval and Analysis of Five Neandertal mtDNA Genomes". Science. 325 (5938). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 318–321. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..318B. doi:10.1126/science.1174462. hdl:10651/7328. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19608918. S2CID 7117454.
Abu-Amero KK, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, González AM (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula". BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (1): 45. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8...45A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-45. PMC 2268671. PMID 18269758.
Behar, Doron M.; Metspalu, Ene; Kivisild, Toomas; Rosset, Saharon; Tzur, Shay; Hadid, Yarin; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Rosengarten, Dror; Pereira, Luisa; Amorim, Antonio; Kutuev, Ildus; Gurwitz, David; Bonne-Tamir, Batsheva; Villems, Richard; Skorecki, Karl (30 April 2008). "Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora". PLOS ONE. 3 (4): e2062. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2062B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062. PMC 2323359. PMID 18446216.
Harich, Nourdin; Costa, Marta D; Fernandes, Verónica; Kandil, Mostafa; Pereira, Joana B; Silva, Nuno M; Pereira, Luísa (2010). "The trans-Saharan slave trade - clues from interpolation analyses and high-resolution characterization of mitochondrial DNA lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 138. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..138H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-138. PMC 2875235. PMID 20459715.
Hernández, Candela L.; Soares, Pedro; Dugoujon, Jean M.; Novelletto, Andrea; Rodríguez, Juan N.; Rito, Teresa; Oliveira, Marisa; Melhaoui, Mohammed; Baali, Abdellatif; Pereira, Luisa; Calderón, Rosario (28 October 2015). "Early Holocenic and Historic mtDNA African Signatures in the Iberian Peninsula: The Andalusian Region as a Paradigm". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139784. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039784H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139784. PMC 4624789. PMID 26509580.
Bycroft, Clare; Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres; Ruiz-Ponte, Clara; Quintela, Inés; Carracedo, Ángel; Donnelly, Peter; Myers, Simon (2019-02-01). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
Bedoya, Gabriel; Montoya, Patricia; García, Jenny; Soto, Ivan; Bourgeois, Stephane; Carvajal, Luis; Labuda, Damian; Alvarez, Victor; Ospina, Jorge; Hedrick, Philip W.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (9 May 2006). "Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19): 7234–7239. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7234B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508716103. JSTOR 30049673. PMC 1464326. PMID 16648268.

jstor.org

Bedoya, Gabriel; Montoya, Patricia; García, Jenny; Soto, Ivan; Bourgeois, Stephane; Carvajal, Luis; Labuda, Damian; Alvarez, Victor; Ospina, Jorge; Hedrick, Philip W.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (9 May 2006). "Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19): 7234–7239. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7234B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508716103. JSTOR 30049673. PMC 1464326. PMID 16648268.

leeds.ac.uk

biolog-e.leeds.ac.uk

Solms, Lisel Esme (2013). Phylogenetics and speciation of African Bradypterus and the Apalis thoracica complex (PDF) (Thesis). OCLC 956378078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-10.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

151.6–233.6 ka 95% CI according to: Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Macaulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin B. (June 2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–759. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
Age estimates (ka, 95% CI in angular brackets): ML whole-mtDNA age estimate: 178.8 [155.6; 202.2], ρ whole-mtDNA age estimate: 185.2 [153.8; 216.9], ρ synonymous age estimate (ka): 174.8 [153.8; 216.9]: Rito, Teresa; Richards, Martin B.; Fernandes, Verónica; Alshamali, Farida; Cerny, Viktor; Pereira, Luísa; Soares, Pedro (2013-11-13). "The First Modern Human Dispersals across Africa". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e80031. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880031R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080031. PMC 3827445. PMID 24236171.
Gonder MK, Mortensen HM, Reed FA, de Sousa A, Tishkoff SA (March 2007). "Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages". Mol. Biol. Evol. 24 (3): 757–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl209. PMID 17194802.
Posth, Cosimo; Wißing, Christoph; Kitagawa, Keiko; Pagani, Luca; van Holstein, Laura; Racimo, Fernando; Wehrberger, Kurt; Conard, Nicholas J.; Kind, Claus Joachim; Bocherens, Hervé; Krause, Johannes (December 2017). "Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 16046. Bibcode:2017NatCo...816046P. doi:10.1038/ncomms16046. PMC 5500885. PMID 28675384.
Behar, Doron M.; Villems, Richard; Soodyall, Himla; Blue-Smith, Jason; Pereira, Luisa; Metspalu, Ene; Scozzari, Rosaria; Makkan, Heeran; Tzur, Shay; Comas, David; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wells, R. Spencer; Rosset, Saharon; Genographic, Consortium. (May 2008). "The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (5): 1130–1140. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.002. PMC 2427203. PMID 18439549.
van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386 – E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
Briggs, A. W.; Good, J. M.; Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Maricic, T.; et al. (2009-07-16). "Targeted Retrieval and Analysis of Five Neandertal mtDNA Genomes". Science. 325 (5938). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 318–321. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..318B. doi:10.1126/science.1174462. hdl:10651/7328. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19608918. S2CID 7117454.
Tishkoff, S. A.; Gonder, M. K.; Henn, B. M.; Mortensen, H.; Knight, A.; Gignoux, C.; Fernandopulle, N.; Lema, G.; Nyambo, T. B.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Reed, F. A.; Mountain, J. L. (2007-07-21). "History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (10): 2180–2195. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm155. PMID 17656633.
point estimate 168.5 ka (136.3–201.1 ka 95% CI) according to Heinz, Tanja; Pala, Maria; Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Richards, Martin B.; Salas, Antonio (March 2017). "Updating the African human mitochondrial DNA tree: Relevance to forensic and population genetics". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 27: 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.016. PMID 28086175. (table 2). 150 ka suggested in:Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; MacAulay, Vincent (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773..
Gonder MK, Mortensen HM, Reed FA, de Sousa A, Tishkoff SA (March 2007). "Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (3): 757–68. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl209. PMID 17194802. the presence of haplogroups N1 and J in Tanzania suggest "back" migration from the Middle East or Eurasia into eastern Africa, which has been inferred from previous studies of other populations in eastern Africa
Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Villems, Richard (July 2004). "MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (4): 340–352. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00100.x. hdl:10400.13/3044. PMID 15225159. S2CID 15391342.
Abu-Amero KK, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, González AM (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula". BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (1): 45. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8...45A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-45. PMC 2268671. PMID 18269758.
Kivisild, Toomas; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Pennarun, Erwan; Parik, Jüri; Geberhiwot, Tarekegn; Usanga, Esien; Villems, Richard (November 2004). "Ethiopian Mitochondrial DNA Heritage: Tracking Gene Flow Across and Around the Gate of Tears". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (5): 752–770. doi:10.1086/425161. PMC 1182106. PMID 15457403.
Salas, Antonio; Richards, Martin; De la Fe, Tomás; Lareu, María-Victoria; Sobrino, Beatriz; Sánchez-Diz, Paula; Macaulay, Vincent; Carracedo, Ángel (November 2002). "The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 71 (5): 1082–1111. doi:10.1086/344348. PMC 385086. PMID 12395296.
Chen, Yu-Sheng; Olckers, Antonel; Schurr, Theodore G.; Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Huoponen, Kirsi; Wallace, Douglas C. (April 2000). "mtDNA Variation in the South African Kung and Khwe—and Their Genetic Relationships to Other African Populations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (4): 1362–1383. doi:10.1086/302848. PMC 1288201. PMID 10739760.
Isaacs, Shafieka; Geduld-Ullah, Tasneem; Benjeddou, Mongi (July 2013). "Reconstruction of major maternal and paternal lineages of the Cape Muslim population". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 36 (2): 167–176. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572013005000019. PMC 3715281. PMID 23885197.
Cherni L, Loueslati BY, Pereira L, Ennafaâ H, Amorim A, El Gaaied AB (February 2005). "Female gene pools of Berber and Arab neighboring communities in central Tunisia: microstructure of mtDNA variation in North Africa". Human Biology. 77 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0028. hdl:10216/109267. PMID 16114817. S2CID 7022459.
Turchi, Chiara; Buscemi, Loredana; Giacchino, Erika; Onofri, Valerio; Fendt, Liane; Parson, Walther; Tagliabracci, Adriano (June 2009). "Polymorphisms of mtDNA control region in Tunisian and Moroccan populations: An enrichment of forensic mtDNA databases with Northern Africa data". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 3 (3): 166–172. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.01.014. PMID 19414164.
Behar, Doron M.; Metspalu, Ene; Kivisild, Toomas; Rosset, Saharon; Tzur, Shay; Hadid, Yarin; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Rosengarten, Dror; Pereira, Luisa; Amorim, Antonio; Kutuev, Ildus; Gurwitz, David; Bonne-Tamir, Batsheva; Villems, Richard; Skorecki, Karl (30 April 2008). "Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora". PLOS ONE. 3 (4): e2062. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2062B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062. PMC 2323359. PMID 18446216.
Harich, Nourdin; Costa, Marta D; Fernandes, Verónica; Kandil, Mostafa; Pereira, Joana B; Silva, Nuno M; Pereira, Luísa (2010). "The trans-Saharan slave trade - clues from interpolation analyses and high-resolution characterization of mitochondrial DNA lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 138. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..138H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-138. PMC 2875235. PMID 20459715.
Černý, Viktor; Mulligan, Connie J.; Rídl, Jakub; Žaloudková, Martina; Edens, Christopher M.; Hájek, Martin; Pereira, Luísa (June 2008). "Regional differences in the distribution of the sub-Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (2): 128–137. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20784. PMID 18257024.
Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Metspalu, Ene; Fornarino, Simona; Battaglia, Vincenza; Accetturo, Matteo; Kutuev, Ildus; Khusnutdinova, Elsa; Pennarun, Erwan; Cerutti, Nicoletta; Di Gaetano, Cornelia; Crobu, Francesca; Palli, Domenico; Matullo, Giuseppe; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Semino, Ornella; Villems, Richard; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Piazza, Alberto; Torroni, Antonio (April 2007). "Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Modern Tuscans Supports the Near Eastern Origin of Etruscans". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (4): 759–768. doi:10.1086/512822. PMC 1852723. PMID 17357081.
Abu-Amero, Khaled K; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Bosley, Thomas M; Cabrera, Vicente M (2007). "Eurasian and African mitochondrial DNA influences in the Saudi Arabian population". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-32. PMC 1810519. PMID 17331239.
Pereira L, Cunha C, Alves C, Amorim A (April 2005). "African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times". Human Biology. 77 (2): 213–29. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0041. hdl:10216/109268. PMID 16201138. S2CID 20901589.
Casas MJ, Hagelberg E, Fregel R, Larruga JM, González AM (December 2006). "Human mitochondrial DNA diversity in an archaeological site in al-Andalus: genetic impact of migrations from North Africa in medieval Spain". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 131 (4): 539–51. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20463. PMID 16685727.
Brehm A, Pereira L, Kivisild T, Amorim A (December 2003). "Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and Açores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers". Human Genetics. 114 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1024-3. hdl:10400.13/3046. PMID 14513360. S2CID 8870699.
Alvarez L, Santos C, Ramos A, Pratdesaba R, Francalacci P, Aluja MP (August 2010). "Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Iberian Northern plateau: population dynamics and substructure of the Zamora province". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142 (4): 531–39. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21252. PMID 20127843.
Alvarez L, Santos C, Ramos A, Pratdesaba R, Francalacci P, Aluja MP (August 2010). "Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Iberian Northern plateau: population dynamics and substructure of the Zamora province". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142 (4): 531–39. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21252. PMID 20127843. As regards sub-Saharan Hgs (L1b, L2b, and L3b), the high frequency found in the southern regions of Zamora, 18.2% in Sayago and 8.1% in Bajo Duero, is comparable to that described for the South of Portugal
Ottoni, Claudio; Martinez-Labarga, Cristina; Vitelli, Luciana; Scano, Giuseppina; Fabrini, Enrico; Contini, Irene; Biondi, Gianfranco; Rickards, Olga (December 2009). "Human mitochondrial DNA variation in Southern Italy". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (6): 785–811. doi:10.3109/03014460903198509. PMID 19852679. S2CID 1788055.
Hernández, Candela L.; Soares, Pedro; Dugoujon, Jean M.; Novelletto, Andrea; Rodríguez, Juan N.; Rito, Teresa; Oliveira, Marisa; Melhaoui, Mohammed; Baali, Abdellatif; Pereira, Luisa; Calderón, Rosario (28 October 2015). "Early Holocenic and Historic mtDNA African Signatures in the Iberian Peninsula: The Andalusian Region as a Paradigm". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139784. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039784H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139784. PMC 4624789. PMID 26509580.
Bycroft, Clare; Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres; Ruiz-Ponte, Clara; Quintela, Inés; Carracedo, Ángel; Donnelly, Peter; Myers, Simon (2019-02-01). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
Pena, S.D.J.; Bastos-Rodrigues, L.; Pimenta, J.R.; Bydlowski, S.P. (11 September 2009). "DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of Brazilians". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 42 (10): 870–876. doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000026. PMID 19738982.
Bobillo, Maria Cecilia; Zimmermann, Bettina; Sala, Andrea; Huber, Gabriela; Röck, Alexander; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Corach, Daniel; Parson, Walther (July 2010). "Amerindian mitochondrial DNA haplogroups predominate in the population of Argentina: towards a first nationwide forensic mitochondrial DNA sequence database". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 124 (4): 263–268. doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0366-3. PMC 1287189. PMID 19680675.
Bobillo, Maria Cecilia; Zimmermann, Bettina; Sala, Andrea; Huber, Gabriela; Röck, Alexander; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Corach, Daniel; Parson, Walther (July 2010). "Amerindian mitochondrial DNA haplogroups predominate in the population of Argentina: towards a first nationwide forensic mitochondrial DNA sequence database". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 124 (4): 263–268. doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0366-3. PMID 19680675. S2CID 13260716.
Bedoya, Gabriel; Montoya, Patricia; García, Jenny; Soto, Ivan; Bourgeois, Stephane; Carvajal, Luis; Labuda, Damian; Alvarez, Victor; Ospina, Jorge; Hedrick, Philip W.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (9 May 2006). "Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19): 7234–7239. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7234B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508716103. JSTOR 30049673. PMC 1464326. PMID 16648268.
Green LD, Derr JN, Knight A (March 2000). "mtDNA affinities of the peoples of North-Central Mexico". American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (3): 989–98. doi:10.1086/302801. PMC 1288179. PMID 10712213.
Gonçalves VF, Prosdocimi F, Santos LS, Ortega JM, Pena SD (2007). "Sex-biased gene flow in African Americans but not in American Caucasians". Genetics and Molecular Research. 6 (2): 256–61. PMID 17573655. Archived from the original on 2025-02-26. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Arenas-Aranda, Diego.; Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Buentello-Malo, Leonor.; González-Valencia, Gerardo.; Torres, Javier.; Álvarez, Berenice.; Mendoza, Irma.; Flores, Mario.; Sandoval, Lucila.; Loeza, Francisco.; Ramos, Irma.; Muñoz, Leopoldo.; Salamanca, Fabio. (2007). "Characterization of mtDNA Haplogroups in 14 Mexican Indigenous Populations". Human Biology. 79 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0042. PMID 18078204. S2CID 35654242.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

151.6–233.6 ka 95% CI according to: Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; Macaulay, Vincent; Richards, Martin B. (June 2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–759. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
Age estimates (ka, 95% CI in angular brackets): ML whole-mtDNA age estimate: 178.8 [155.6; 202.2], ρ whole-mtDNA age estimate: 185.2 [153.8; 216.9], ρ synonymous age estimate (ka): 174.8 [153.8; 216.9]: Rito, Teresa; Richards, Martin B.; Fernandes, Verónica; Alshamali, Farida; Cerny, Viktor; Pereira, Luísa; Soares, Pedro (2013-11-13). "The First Modern Human Dispersals across Africa". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e80031. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...880031R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080031. PMC 3827445. PMID 24236171.
Posth, Cosimo; Wißing, Christoph; Kitagawa, Keiko; Pagani, Luca; van Holstein, Laura; Racimo, Fernando; Wehrberger, Kurt; Conard, Nicholas J.; Kind, Claus Joachim; Bocherens, Hervé; Krause, Johannes (December 2017). "Deeply divergent archaic mitochondrial genome provides lower time boundary for African gene flow into Neanderthals". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 16046. Bibcode:2017NatCo...816046P. doi:10.1038/ncomms16046. PMC 5500885. PMID 28675384.
Behar, Doron M.; Villems, Richard; Soodyall, Himla; Blue-Smith, Jason; Pereira, Luisa; Metspalu, Ene; Scozzari, Rosaria; Makkan, Heeran; Tzur, Shay; Comas, David; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Quintana-Murci, Lluis; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wells, R. Spencer; Rosset, Saharon; Genographic, Consortium. (May 2008). "The Dawn of Human Matrilineal Diversity". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (5): 1130–1140. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.002. PMC 2427203. PMID 18439549.
point estimate 168.5 ka (136.3–201.1 ka 95% CI) according to Heinz, Tanja; Pala, Maria; Gómez-Carballa, Alberto; Richards, Martin B.; Salas, Antonio (March 2017). "Updating the African human mitochondrial DNA tree: Relevance to forensic and population genetics". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 27: 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.016. PMID 28086175. (table 2). 150 ka suggested in:Soares, Pedro; Ermini, Luca; Thomson, Noel; Mormina, Maru; Rito, Teresa; Röhl, Arne; Salas, Antonio; Oppenheimer, Stephen; MacAulay, Vincent (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773..
Abu-Amero KK, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, González AM (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula". BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (1): 45. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8...45A. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-45. PMC 2268671. PMID 18269758.
Kivisild, Toomas; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Pennarun, Erwan; Parik, Jüri; Geberhiwot, Tarekegn; Usanga, Esien; Villems, Richard (November 2004). "Ethiopian Mitochondrial DNA Heritage: Tracking Gene Flow Across and Around the Gate of Tears". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (5): 752–770. doi:10.1086/425161. PMC 1182106. PMID 15457403.
Salas, Antonio; Richards, Martin; De la Fe, Tomás; Lareu, María-Victoria; Sobrino, Beatriz; Sánchez-Diz, Paula; Macaulay, Vincent; Carracedo, Ángel (November 2002). "The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 71 (5): 1082–1111. doi:10.1086/344348. PMC 385086. PMID 12395296.
Chen, Yu-Sheng; Olckers, Antonel; Schurr, Theodore G.; Kogelnik, Andreas M.; Huoponen, Kirsi; Wallace, Douglas C. (April 2000). "mtDNA Variation in the South African Kung and Khwe—and Their Genetic Relationships to Other African Populations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (4): 1362–1383. doi:10.1086/302848. PMC 1288201. PMID 10739760.
Isaacs, Shafieka; Geduld-Ullah, Tasneem; Benjeddou, Mongi (July 2013). "Reconstruction of major maternal and paternal lineages of the Cape Muslim population". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 36 (2): 167–176. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572013005000019. PMC 3715281. PMID 23885197.
Behar, Doron M.; Metspalu, Ene; Kivisild, Toomas; Rosset, Saharon; Tzur, Shay; Hadid, Yarin; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Rosengarten, Dror; Pereira, Luisa; Amorim, Antonio; Kutuev, Ildus; Gurwitz, David; Bonne-Tamir, Batsheva; Villems, Richard; Skorecki, Karl (30 April 2008). "Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora". PLOS ONE. 3 (4): e2062. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2062B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062. PMC 2323359. PMID 18446216.
Harich, Nourdin; Costa, Marta D; Fernandes, Verónica; Kandil, Mostafa; Pereira, Joana B; Silva, Nuno M; Pereira, Luísa (2010). "The trans-Saharan slave trade - clues from interpolation analyses and high-resolution characterization of mitochondrial DNA lineages". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 138. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..138H. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-138. PMC 2875235. PMID 20459715.
Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Metspalu, Ene; Fornarino, Simona; Battaglia, Vincenza; Accetturo, Matteo; Kutuev, Ildus; Khusnutdinova, Elsa; Pennarun, Erwan; Cerutti, Nicoletta; Di Gaetano, Cornelia; Crobu, Francesca; Palli, Domenico; Matullo, Giuseppe; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. Silvana; Cavalli-Sforza, L. Luca; Semino, Ornella; Villems, Richard; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Piazza, Alberto; Torroni, Antonio (April 2007). "Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Modern Tuscans Supports the Near Eastern Origin of Etruscans". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (4): 759–768. doi:10.1086/512822. PMC 1852723. PMID 17357081.
Abu-Amero, Khaled K; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Bosley, Thomas M; Cabrera, Vicente M (2007). "Eurasian and African mitochondrial DNA influences in the Saudi Arabian population". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 32. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-32. PMC 1810519. PMID 17331239.
Hernández, Candela L.; Soares, Pedro; Dugoujon, Jean M.; Novelletto, Andrea; Rodríguez, Juan N.; Rito, Teresa; Oliveira, Marisa; Melhaoui, Mohammed; Baali, Abdellatif; Pereira, Luisa; Calderón, Rosario (28 October 2015). "Early Holocenic and Historic mtDNA African Signatures in the Iberian Peninsula: The Andalusian Region as a Paradigm". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139784. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1039784H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139784. PMC 4624789. PMID 26509580.
Bycroft, Clare; Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres; Ruiz-Ponte, Clara; Quintela, Inés; Carracedo, Ángel; Donnelly, Peter; Myers, Simon (2019-02-01). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 551. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10..551B. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w. PMC 6358624. PMID 30710075.
Bobillo, Maria Cecilia; Zimmermann, Bettina; Sala, Andrea; Huber, Gabriela; Röck, Alexander; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Corach, Daniel; Parson, Walther (July 2010). "Amerindian mitochondrial DNA haplogroups predominate in the population of Argentina: towards a first nationwide forensic mitochondrial DNA sequence database". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 124 (4): 263–268. doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0366-3. PMC 1287189. PMID 19680675.
Bedoya, Gabriel; Montoya, Patricia; García, Jenny; Soto, Ivan; Bourgeois, Stephane; Carvajal, Luis; Labuda, Damian; Alvarez, Victor; Ospina, Jorge; Hedrick, Philip W.; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (9 May 2006). "Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (19): 7234–7239. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.7234B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508716103. JSTOR 30049673. PMC 1464326. PMID 16648268.
Green LD, Derr JN, Knight A (March 2000). "mtDNA affinities of the peoples of North-Central Mexico". American Journal of Human Genetics. 66 (3): 989–98. doi:10.1086/302801. PMC 1288179. PMID 10712213.

port.ac.uk

eprints.port.ac.uk

Whale, John William (2012). Mitochondrial DNA analysis of four ethnic groups of Afghanistan (PDF) (Thesis). OCLC 883630158. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386 – E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
Briggs, A. W.; Good, J. M.; Green, R. E.; Krause, J.; Maricic, T.; et al. (2009-07-16). "Targeted Retrieval and Analysis of Five Neandertal mtDNA Genomes". Science. 325 (5938). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 318–321. Bibcode:2009Sci...325..318B. doi:10.1126/science.1174462. hdl:10651/7328. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19608918. S2CID 7117454.
Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, Antonio; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Ene; Villems, Richard (July 2004). "MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (4): 340–352. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00100.x. hdl:10400.13/3044. PMID 15225159. S2CID 15391342.
Cherni L, Loueslati BY, Pereira L, Ennafaâ H, Amorim A, El Gaaied AB (February 2005). "Female gene pools of Berber and Arab neighboring communities in central Tunisia: microstructure of mtDNA variation in North Africa". Human Biology. 77 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0028. hdl:10216/109267. PMID 16114817. S2CID 7022459.
Pereira L, Cunha C, Alves C, Amorim A (April 2005). "African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times". Human Biology. 77 (2): 213–29. doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0041. hdl:10216/109268. PMID 16201138. S2CID 20901589.
Brehm A, Pereira L, Kivisild T, Amorim A (December 2003). "Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and Açores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers". Human Genetics. 114 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1024-3. hdl:10400.13/3046. PMID 14513360. S2CID 8870699.
Ottoni, Claudio; Martinez-Labarga, Cristina; Vitelli, Luciana; Scano, Giuseppina; Fabrini, Enrico; Contini, Irene; Biondi, Gianfranco; Rickards, Olga (December 2009). "Human mitochondrial DNA variation in Southern Italy". Annals of Human Biology. 36 (6): 785–811. doi:10.3109/03014460903198509. PMID 19852679. S2CID 1788055.
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Whale, John William (2012). Mitochondrial DNA analysis of four ethnic groups of Afghanistan (PDF) (Thesis). OCLC 883630158. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2017.