Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Mahal (Israel)" in English language version.
About 70 percent of the IAF personnel were overseas volunteers who had been recruited in sixteen countries. They served as pilots, navigators, radio operators, air gunners, aerial photographers, and bomb-chuckers. Of the 607 air crew personnel, 414 were overseas volunteers, as were 168 of 193 former World War II pilots serving in the IAF in the War of Independence.
