Amaral, Diogo Freitas (1996). "A política portuguesa e as suas relações com o exterior". Em que momento se tornou Portugal um País Independente [At what moment did Portugal became an independent kingdom] (PDF). 2º Congresso Histórico de Guimarães (in European Portuguese). Vol. 2. Guimarães: Guimarães municipal chamber.
Amaral, Diogo Freitas (1996). "A política portuguesa e as suas relações com o exterior". Em que momento se tornou Portugal um País Independente [At what moment did Portugal became an independent kingdom] (PDF). 2º Congresso Histórico de Guimarães (in European Portuguese). Vol. 2. Guimarães: Guimarães municipal chamber.
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Javier Gallego Gallego and Eloísa Ramírez Vaquero, "Rey de Navarra, rey de Portugal, títulos en cuestión (siglo XII)Príncipe de Viana48, 180 (1987): 115–20. The kingdom of Navarre presented a similar case at the same time. The Papacy initially refused to recognize the election of García Ramírez as king in 1134, because the kingdom had been willed by the late King Alfonso the Battler to the military orders. The Papacy continued to recognize the kings of Navarre as mere "leaders of Navarre" (duces Navarrae) until 1196. In a bull sent to "Duke" Sancho VII on 29 March, he was urged to break his alliance with the Almohads; on 28 May, a letter to Cardinal Gregory of Sant'Angelo referred to Sancho with the royal title. This was confirmed in a bull addressed to Sancho as king on 20 February 1197, confirming that he could expand his lands by conquest in the south, even though his kingdom did not border Almohad territory.
