Map (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Map" in English language version.

Last modified: 15:47:20, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

185150archive.org

6^th place

6959uchicago.edu

226^th place

199^th place

1514books.google.com

3^rd place

1312doi.org

2^nd place

117worldcat.org

4^th place

51copernicus.org

5,068^th place

3,578^th place

43sciencedirect.com

137^th place

146^th place

41reuters.com

38^th place

30^th place

22adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

22springer.com

182^nd place

172^nd place

22tandfonline.com

286^th place

209^th place

22researchgate.net

96^th place

89^th place

22utexas.edu

868^th place

634^th place

11loc.gov

63^rd place

47^th place

11archeoastronomy.org

low place

11bbc.com

26^th place

23^rd place

11cartographicperspectives.org

low place

11acm.org

1,200^th place

821^st place

11npr.org

114^th place

75^th place

11surveyinsights.org

low place

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

dl.acm.org

Ahlers 2013. Ahlers, Dirk (2013). "Assessment of the accuracy of GeoNames gazetteer data". Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 74–81. doi:10.1145/2533888.2533938. ISBN 9781450322416. Retrieved 30 July 2026.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

This image is from Fernando (2026), p. 67589. Fernando, F.; et al. (2026). "A Systematic Review of Robot Topological Semantic Mapping and Localization for Spatial Understanding". IEEE Access. 14. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: 67583–67608. Bibcode:2026IEEEA..1467583F. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3683985.
- Jenny 2007, p. Jenny, Bernhard; et al. (2007). "Color Design for the Color Vision Impaired". Cartographic Perspectives. 57 (58). North American Cartographic Information Society: 61–67. Bibcode:2007CartP..58...61J. doi:10.14714/CP58.270. Retrieved 7 August 2026.
archeoastronomy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Gautschy 2023. Gautschy, Rita (2023). "Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System" (PDF). The European Society for Astronomy in Culture. Retrieved 20 July 2026.
archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)
- Raisz's definition is in his book General Cartography.^[4] Raisz, Erwin (1948). General Cartography (Second ed.). McGraw-Hill. LCCN 48009621. Retrieved 29 June 2026.
- Generalization processes named by various cartographic authorities (order not significant):
  - Robinson 1995 – Selection, classification, simplification, exaggeration, and induction.^{[97] Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.}
  - The terms "topological map" and "schematic map" are both used in the field of cartography, with roughly the same meaning. The term "schematic" refers to maps in Robinson 1995 p. 534; Monmonier 2015 pp. 252, 1622; and in Kent & Vujakovic 2017 pp. 450–460. The term "topological" refers to maps in Monmonier 2015 p. 790. Robinson 1995 does not use the term "topological map" (but does mention topological properties of data). Monmonier 2015 also uses "semitopological" to indicate that some effort was made to preserve geographic accuracy. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695. Kent, Alexander; Vujakovic, Peter, eds. (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317568216. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
  - Wilford 2000, p. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, p. 9. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, p. 7. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, p. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Riffenburgh 2015, p. 138. Riffenburgh, Beau (2015). The History Of Cartography - Mapping The World. Carlton Publishing Group. ISBN 9781781773536. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Wilford 2000, pp. 271–274. Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers (Revised ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375409295. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Riffenburgh 2015, pp. 142–147. Riffenburgh, Beau (2015). The History Of Cartography - Mapping The World. Carlton Publishing Group. ISBN 9781781773536. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Riffenburgh 2015, p. 143. Riffenburgh, Beau (2015). The History Of Cartography - Mapping The World. Carlton Publishing Group. ISBN 9781781773536. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 316–329. Overview pp. 316‍–‍318. Purpose, audience pp. 330‍–‍ Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 334. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. 1–3. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Brewer 2016, p. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Snyder 1987, pp. Snyder, John P. (1987). Map Projections: A Working Manual. USGS. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 92–93. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Longley 2005, p. 76. Longley, Paul; et al. (2005). Geographic Information Systems and Science (Second ed.). Wiley. ISBN 9780470870013. Retrieved 23 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 249–253. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 249–252. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, p. 102. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 450–471. Definition of classification pp. 450‍–‍ Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 450–471. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. 101–104. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 450. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Chang 2019, p. 143. Chang, Kang-Tsung (2019). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (Ninth ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9781260092585. Retrieved 17 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 453–454, 456. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 463–467. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 475–525. Overview pp. 475‍–‍478. Legend pp. 479-481. Points pp. 478‍–‍482. Lines pp. 483‍–‍488. Areas pp. 484‍–‍ Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 63–68. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Snyder 1987, pp. Snyder, John P. (1987). Map Projections: A Working Manual. USGS. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 60–68. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 69–74. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Chang 2019, pp. Chang, Kang-Tsung (2019). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (Ninth ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9781260092585. Retrieved 17 July 2026.
    Chang 2019, pp. Chang, Kang-Tsung (2019). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (Ninth ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9781260092585. Retrieved 17 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 381–383. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 382–383, 385–397. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 382–383. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 383. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 384. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 491. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 381. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Reinhardt 1919, pp. 19–20, Plate II. Reinhardt, Charles W. (1919). Lettering for Draftsmen, Engineers and Students (19th ed.). Van Nostrand. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 337. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, p. 172. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 335–336. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 54. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 13. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 15. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 494–525. List of types on p. 494. Dots pp. 497‍–‍498. Contour/isarithmic lines pp. 505‍–‍510. Colored areas (choroplethc/dasymetric) pp. 515‍–‍ Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 525. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Smith 2009, p. Smith, Adam T. (2009). "Regional Investigations in the Tsaghkahovit Plain". The Foundations of Research and Regional Survey in the Tsaghkahovit Plain, Armenia. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pp. 95–109. ISBN 9781885923622. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, p. 355. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Slocum 2009, pp. 355–358. Slocum, Terry A.; et al. (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization (Third ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132298346. Retrieved 22 June 2026.
    Muehlenhaus 2013, p. 21. Muehlenhaus, Ian (2013). Web Cartography: Map Design for Interactive and Mobile Devices. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439876237. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. 249–250. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. 252. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Yao 2020, pp. Yao, Xiaobai A. (2020). "Georeferencing and Geocoding". In Kobayashi, Audrey (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 111–117. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10548-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2. Retrieved 4 January 2022. First edition (2009) online in Internet Archive here.
    Yao 2020, p. Yao, Xiaobai A. (2020). "Georeferencing and Geocoding". In Kobayashi, Audrey (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 111–117. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10548-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2. Retrieved 4 January 2022. First edition (2009) online in Internet Archive here.
    Yao 2020, p. Yao, Xiaobai A. (2020). "Georeferencing and Geocoding". In Kobayashi, Audrey (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 111–117. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10548-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2. Retrieved 4 January 2022. First edition (2009) online in Internet Archive here.
    Campbell 2011, pp. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 445–460. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 476–478, 500. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 479–482. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 489–490, 501. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 483–486, 502–505. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 517–543. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Campbell 2011, pp. 559–577. Campbell, James B.; et al. (2011). Introduction to Remote Sensing (Fifth ed.). Guilford Publications. ISBN 9781609181765. Retrieved 21 July 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, p. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Robinson 1995, pp. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Brewer 2016, pp. Brewer, Cynthia (2016). Designing Better Maps: A Guide for GIS Users (Second ed.). Environmental Systems Research Institute. ISBN 9781589484375. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
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    Hazel 1965. Hazel, Joseph A. (1965). "Most 'Good' Maps Do Not Have a Directional Symbol". Journal of Geography. 64 (2). Taylor & Francis: 81–83. doi:10.1080/00221346508981970. ISSN 0022-1341. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
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    Kent 2009, p. 132. Kent, Alexander (1 July 2009). "Topographic Maps: Methodological Approaches for Analyzing Cartographic Style". Journal of Map & Geography Libraries. 5 (2): 131–156. doi:10.1080/15420350903001187. ISSN 1542-0353. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
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    Kent 2009, p. 132. Kent, Alexander (1 July 2009). "Topographic Maps: Methodological Approaches for Analyzing Cartographic Style". Journal of Map & Geography Libraries. 5 (2): 131–156. doi:10.1080/15420350903001187. ISSN 1542-0353. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
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    Yao 2020, p. Yao, Xiaobai A. (2020). "Georeferencing and Geocoding". In Kobayashi, Audrey (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 111–117. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10548-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2. Retrieved 4 January 2022. First edition (2009) online in Internet Archive here.
    Yao 2020, p. Yao, Xiaobai A. (2020). "Georeferencing and Geocoding". In Kobayashi, Audrey (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 111–117. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10548-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2. Retrieved 4 January 2022. First edition (2009) online in Internet Archive here.
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    Map shows magnetic declination (deviation from true north) in the year 2000. Interval between lines is 10 degrees. Map published by the USGS based on data from this paper.
    Maliene 2011, p. 4. Maliene, Vida (2011). "Geographic Information System: Old Principles with New Capabilities". URBAN DESIGN International. 16 (1). Palgrave Macmillan: 1–6. doi:10.1057/udi.2010.25. ISSN 1468-4519. Retrieved 17 July 2026.
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    Hazel 1965. Hazel, Joseph A. (1965). "Most 'Good' Maps Do Not Have a Directional Symbol". Journal of Geography. 64 (2). Taylor & Francis: 81–83. doi:10.1080/00221346508981970. ISSN 0022-1341. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
    Ramphal 1985, pp. 196–198. Ramphal, Shridath (1985). "A World Turned Upside Down". Geography. 70 (3). Geographical Association: 193–205. doi:10.1080/20436564.1985.12451953. ISSN 0016-7487. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
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    Muhammad al-Idrisi was from the Almoravid dynasty, located in modern Morocco. Harley & Woodward 1992, p. 156 Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1992). Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies. The History of Cartography. Vol. 2 Book 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316351. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    The terms "topological map" and "schematic map" are both used in the field of cartography, with roughly the same meaning. The term "schematic" refers to maps in Robinson 1995 p. 534; Monmonier 2015 pp. 252, 1622; and in Kent & Vujakovic 2017 pp. 450–460. The term "topological" refers to maps in Monmonier 2015 p. 790. Robinson 1995 does not use the term "topological map" (but does mention topological properties of data). Monmonier 2015 also uses "semitopological" to indicate that some effort was made to preserve geographic accuracy. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695. Kent, Alexander; Vujakovic, Peter, eds. (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781317568216. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695. Robinson, Arthur; et al. (1995). Elements of Cartography (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471555797. Retrieved 21 June 2026. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, p. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, p. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, p. 800. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. 806–808. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1992, pp. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1992). Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies. The History of Cartography. Vol. 2 Book 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316351. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, p. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1994, pp. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1994). Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies. The History of Cartography. Vol. 2 Book 2. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316378. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, p. 238. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1992, p. 156. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1992). Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies. The History of Cartography. Vol. 2 Book 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316351. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. 286–370. Overview of mappamundi on pp. 286‍–‍291, 299‍–‍304, 318‍–‍ Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. 341–342. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, p. 342. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Woodward 2007, pp. Woodward, David, ed. (2007). Cartography in the European Renaissance: Part 1. The History of Cartography. Vol. 3 Part 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226907338. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Edney & Pedley 2019, pp. 675–676, 679, 682–685, 1522–1524, §§ "Instruments for Angle Measuring", "Triangulation Surveying". Plane table pp. 675‍–‍676. Theodolite pp. 682‍–‍ Edney, Matthew; Pedley, Mary, eds. (2019). Cartography in the European Enlightenment. The History of Cartography. Vol. 4. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226339221. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Woodward 2007, pp. 365–381. Mercator projection discussed pp. 377‍–‍ Woodward, David, ed. (2007). Cartography in the European Renaissance: Part 1. The History of Cartography. Vol. 3 Part 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226907338. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Edney & Pedley 2019, pp. Edney, Matthew; Pedley, Mary, eds. (2019). Cartography in the European Enlightenment. The History of Cartography. Vol. 4. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226339221. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Edney & Pedley 2019, pp. Edney, Matthew; Pedley, Mary, eds. (2019). Cartography in the European Enlightenment. The History of Cartography. Vol. 4. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226339221. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Edney & Pedley 2019, pp. Edney, Matthew; Pedley, Mary, eds. (2019). Cartography in the European Enlightenment. The History of Cartography. Vol. 4. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226339221. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Edney & Pedley 2019, p. 1023. This quote originated in Jacob's 2006 book The Sovereign Map: Theoretical Approaches in Cartography throughout History. Edney, Matthew; Pedley, Mary, eds. (2019). Cartography in the European Enlightenment. The History of Cartography. Vol. 4. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226339221. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Monmonier 2015, pp. Monmonier, Mark, ed. (2015). Cartography in the Twentieth Century. The History of Cartography. Vol. 6. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226534695.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. 336. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, p. 123. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, p. 276. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. 208, 227, 244, 276, 296, 316, 336–337, 343–7, 444, 475. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. 337, 343, 345, 347, 353. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. 337, 343–344, 354. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
    Harley & Woodward 1987, pp. Harley, John Brian; Woodward, David, eds. (1987). Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. The History of Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226316335. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
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