Marathon world record progression (English Wikipedia)

Martin, David E.; Roger W. H. Gynn (May 2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-88011-969-6.
Martin, David E.; Roger W. H. Gynn (May 2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-88011-969-6.

arrs.run

Road running historian Andy Milroy writing for the Association of Road Racing Statisticians has indicated that 25 miles (40.234 km) was the distance of the first Japanese marathon held in 1911. Predating Kanakuri's performance, Milroy also indicated that a "professional world record" at the 25-mile distance of 2:32:42 was set by British runner Len Hurst on August 27, 1903.^[17]
"untitled". Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
Milroy, Andy. "The origins of the marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
"ARRS – Association of Road Racing Statisticians". Archived from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
ARRS World Best Progressions – Road 2015. "untitled". ARRS. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Tour de Paris Marathon". ARRS. May 28, 2011. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1971". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on January 13, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Unverified (probably a time trial)
"World Marathon Rankings for 1953". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2009. Short Course (41.1 km)
"World Marathon Rankings for 1981". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (150 m short on remeasurement)
"New York City Marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. The course used for the 1981 race was remeasured at 42.044 km or 151 meters short of the full marathon distance. Since a major part of the shortness was within the Central Park portion of the course, all "five borough" races prior to 1981 must also be considered suspect (1976–1980) and are not considered acceptable for statistical purposes.
"Association of Road Racing Statisticians". ARRS. January 1, 2003. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Yonkers Marathon Archived January 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1935". ARRS. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1947". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (25.54 mi. = 41.1 km)
The Association of Road Racing Statisticians does not consider performances on the Boston Marathon course to qualify for world record status due to the possibility that they could be aided by slope and/or tailwinds. (See [1] Archived January 9, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.) This mirrors the IAAF's current criteria regarding record eligible courses.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1969". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (ca 500 m short)
"World Best Progression- Road". ARRS. May 3, 2016. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
"untitled". Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
"Western Hemisphere Marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1963". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1964". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Note: Mildred Sampson (NZL) ran 3:19:33 in a time trial on 16 Aug 1964 at Auckland NZL.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1978". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (measurements on subsequent course were 150 m short, this course probably short as well)
"World Marathon Rankings for 1979". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (measurements on subsequent course were 150 m short, this course probably short as well)
"World Marathon Rankings for 1980". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (remeasurements of a nearly identical course in 1981 was 150 m short, this course probably short as well)
"World Marathon Rankings for 1980". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (remeasurements of a nearly identical course in 1981 was 150 m short, this course probably short as well)

books.google.com

Martin, Dr. David (2000). "Marathon running as a social and athletic phenomenon: historical and current trends". In Pedoe, Dan Tunstall (ed.). Marathon Medicine. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press. p. 31. ISBN 9781853154607.
"Sporting Records". The Canadian Year Book for 1905. 8. Toronto Canada: Alfred Hewitt: 147. 1905.

boston.com

"Boston Marathon history". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
Bird, Hayden (April 5, 2023). "Why a world record set in the Boston Marathon wouldn't officially count". Boston.com. Retrieved December 17, 2024.

bostonherald.com

news.bostonherald.com

"Mutai wins Boston in world-record time: Kilel edges American in women's race". Boston Herald. Associated Press. April 18, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.

cnn.com

sportsillustrated.cnn.com

Rogin, Gilbert (October 5, 1964). "The Fastest Is Faster". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on March 5, 2010. Retrieved May 21, 2010. One Saturday last August, a Mrs. Millie Sampson, a 31-year-old mother of two who lives in the Auckland suburb of Manurewa, went dancing until 1 am The next day she cooked dinner for 11 visitors. In between, she ran the marathon in 3:19.33, presumably a record.

doi.org

Jutel, Anne-Marie (2007). "Forgetting Millie Sampson: Collective Frameworks for Historical Memory". New Zealand Journal of Media Studies. 10 (1): 31–36. doi:10.11157/medianz-vol10iss1id74.

germanroadraces.de

"The Marathon journey to reach 42.195km". european-athletics.org. April 25, 2008. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
"2021 New York Marathon Statistical Information" (PDF). germanroadraces.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.

guinnessworldrecords.com

"Fastest marathon distance (male)". Guinness World Records. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
"First marathon distance run under two hours". Guinness World Records. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
"Guinness World Records fastest marathon run in bare feet". guinnessworldrecords.com. September 10, 1960. Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2019.

hitsites.de

athletics.hitsites.de

"Del's Athletics Almanac Olympics Commonweath European World Championship Results [Event Information]". Athletics.hitsites.de. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Del's Athletics Almanac Olympics Commonweath European World Championship Results [Event Information]". Athletics.hitsites.de. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2015.

iaaf-ebooks.s3.amazonaws.com

"IAAF Statistic Handbook Beijing 2015". IAAF. 2015. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.

iaaf.org

"Women's outdoor Marathon - Records - iaaf.org". iaaf.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
"IAAF Competition Rules 2016–2017" (PDF). 2015. p. 275. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
Monti, David (April 18, 2011). "Strong winds and ideal conditions propel Mutai to fastest Marathon ever – Boston Marathon report". iaaf.org. International Association of Athletics Federations. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
Jon Mulkeen (May 6, 2017). "Kipchoge a 'happy man' in Monza". IAAF. Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
"12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. p. 565. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 6, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Kipsang sets world record of 2:03:23 at Berlin Marathon | iaaf.org". IAAF. September 29, 2013. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"World Record Ratified | iaaf.org". IAAF. November 12, 2013. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Kimetto breaks marathon world record in Berlin with 2:02:57 | iaaf.org". IAAF. September 28, 2014. Archived from the original on October 1, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"World Record Ratified | iaaf.org". IAAF. November 24, 2014. Archived from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Keitany breaks women's-only world record at London Marathon". IAAF. April 23, 2017. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
"World Record Progression of Marathon". iaaf.org. IAAF. Archived from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.

media.aws.iaaf.org

IAAF Statistics Handbook – Daegu 2011. Butler, Mark, ed. (2011). 13th IAAF World Championships in Athletics – IAAF Statistics Handbook – Daegu 2011 (PDF). Part 5 (of 5). IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. pp. 595, 612, 614–615, 705, 707. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2015.

ianridpath.com

"The Polytechnic Marathon 1909–1996". Ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
"Image: 1909Timesreport.jpg, (550 × 1188 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1913Timesreport.jpg, (434 × 452 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1952Timesreport.jpg, (359 × 1700 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1954Timesreport.jpg, (339 × 1244 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1963Timesreport.jpg, (1733 × 1242 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1964Timesreport.jpg, (1362 × 1353 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1965Timesreport.jpg, (704 × 1260 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.

ineos159challenge.com

INEOS. "INEOS 1:59 Challenge". ineos159challenge.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.

la84foundation.org

De Coubertin, Pierre; Timoleon J. Philemon; N. G. Politis; Charalambos Anninos (1897). "The Olympic Games, B.C. 776 – A.D. 1896, Second Part, The Olympic Games in 1896" (PDF). Charles Beck (Athens), H. Grevel and Co. (London). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
Tarasouleas, Athanasios (October–November 1997). "Stamata Revithi, "Alias Melpomeni"" (PDF). Olympic Review. 26 (17): 53–55. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
Cook, Theodore Andrea (1909). "The Fourth Olympiad being The Official Report The Olympic Games of 1908" (PDF). The British Olympic Association, London. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Olympic Games Official Report 1920" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 8, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2010.

letsrun.com

"Tigst Assefa Sets Womens Marathon Record in 2023 Berlin Marathon". letsrun.com. September 24, 2023. Archived from the original on September 26, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2023.

lydiardfoundation.org

"Running Training Blog Entry | Lydiard Foundation Members". Lydiardfoundation.org. July 15, 1912. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.

marathonguide.com

"Men's World Record Times – 1905 to 1911". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1910 to 1916". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1922 to 1928". Marathonguide.com. October 12, 1925. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1932 to 1938". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1944 to 1950". Marathonguide.com. April 19, 1947. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1949 to 1955". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.

news.google.com

"Housewife's Marathon Record Run". The Age. Melbourne. August 18, 1964. p. 22. Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2010.

nytimes.com

May, Peter (April 18, 2011). "Kenya's Mutai Wins Boston in 2:03:02". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2011.

query.nytimes.com

"J.F. CROWLEY WINS YONKERS MARATHON; Irish-American Runner Leads Big Field Over Westchester County Roads". The New York Times. November 27, 1908. p. 7. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2010.

olympic.org

"Athletes | Olympic Medalist | Olympians | Gold Medalists | Medal Count". International Olympic Committee. July 19, 1996. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
"Athletes | Olympic Medalist | Olympians | Gold Medalists | Medal Count". International Olympic Committee. July 19, 1996. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2011.

olympics.com

"Chicago Marathon 2023: Kelvin Kiptum smashes Eliud Kipchoge's world record". International Olympic Committee. October 8, 2023. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2023.

reuters.com

Baldwin, Alan (September 20, 2011). "Argument erupts over Radcliffe's marathon record". Reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2011.

runnersworld.com

Alex Hutchinson (December 12, 2016). "Nike's Audacious Plan: Break the 2-Hour Marathon Barrier in 2017". Runner's World. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2016.

runningpast.com

"Profiles – Johnny Hayes". Running Past. Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2010.

runwashington.com

"Washington Running Report – Feature Article". Runwashington.com. February 23, 1981. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2011.

scmp.com

Agnew, Mark (October 12, 2019). "Eliud Kipchoge runs sub two-hour marathon in 1:59:40, making history with first four-minute mile equivalent". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.

sports-reference.com

"Whitey Michelsen". Archived from the original on October 5, 2013.

sportsscientists.com

Ross Tucker, PhD (December 13, 2016). "The sub-2 hour marathon in 2017? Thoughts on concept". The Science of Sport. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2016.

straitstimes.com

graphics.straitstimes.com

"Interactive: A look at how three marathoners could break the sub-2hr barrier on May 6". The Straits Times. May 5, 2017. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
"Interactive: A look at how three marathoners could break the sub-2hr barrier on May 6". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2017.

washingtonpost.com

"Kelvin Kiptum nearly breaks two-hour barrier with world marathon record". Washington Post. October 8, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2023.
Derek Hawkins (October 12, 2019). "Kenya's Eliud Kipchoge Just Became the First Person to Break the 2-Hour Barrier". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

web.archive.org

"Chicago Marathon 2023: Kelvin Kiptum smashes Eliud Kipchoge's world record". International Olympic Committee. October 8, 2023. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2023.
"Women's outdoor Marathon - Records - iaaf.org". iaaf.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
"Interactive: A look at how three marathoners could break the sub-2hr barrier on May 6". The Straits Times. May 5, 2017. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
"The Marathon journey to reach 42.195km". european-athletics.org. April 25, 2008. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
De Coubertin, Pierre; Timoleon J. Philemon; N. G. Politis; Charalambos Anninos (1897). "The Olympic Games, B.C. 776 – A.D. 1896, Second Part, The Olympic Games in 1896" (PDF). Charles Beck (Athens), H. Grevel and Co. (London). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 15, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
"Athletes | Olympic Medalist | Olympians | Gold Medalists | Medal Count". International Olympic Committee. July 19, 1996. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
"untitled". Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
Milroy, Andy. "The origins of the marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
"Running Training Blog Entry | Lydiard Foundation Members". Lydiardfoundation.org. July 15, 1912. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
"ARRS – Association of Road Racing Statisticians". Archived from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
"Profiles – Johnny Hayes". Running Past. Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
Tarasouleas, Athanasios (October–November 1997). "Stamata Revithi, "Alias Melpomeni"" (PDF). Olympic Review. 26 (17): 53–55. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
ARRS World Best Progressions – Road 2015. "untitled". ARRS. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Tour de Paris Marathon". ARRS. May 28, 2011. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
Howe, Charles. "Out of the bushes, ahead of the ambulance, and into the spotlight: milestones in the history of women's (mostly distance) running, Part I" (PDF). Rundynamics. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 22, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1971". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on January 13, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Unverified (probably a time trial)
"Boston Marathon history". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1953". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2009. Short Course (41.1 km)
"World Marathon Major Event Records" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2011.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1981". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (150 m short on remeasurement)
"New York City Marathon". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. The course used for the 1981 race was remeasured at 42.044 km or 151 meters short of the full marathon distance. Since a major part of the shortness was within the Central Park portion of the course, all "five borough" races prior to 1981 must also be considered suspect (1976–1980) and are not considered acceptable for statistical purposes.
"Mutai wins Boston in world-record time: Kilel edges American in women's race". Boston Herald. Associated Press. April 18, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
"The Polytechnic Marathon 1909–1996". Ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
"IAAF Competition Rules 2016–2017" (PDF). 2015. p. 275. Archived from the original on March 18, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"IAAF Publication, "The Measurement of Road Race Courses", Second Edition, 2004, Updated 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
May, Peter (April 18, 2011). "Kenya's Mutai Wins Boston in 2:03:02". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Monti, David (April 18, 2011). "Strong winds and ideal conditions propel Mutai to fastest Marathon ever – Boston Marathon report". iaaf.org. International Association of Athletics Federations. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
"Association of Road Racing Statisticians". ARRS. January 1, 2003. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
Baldwin, Alan (September 20, 2011). "Argument erupts over Radcliffe's marathon record". Reuters.com. Reuters. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2011.
IAAF Book of Rules. Vol. Book C – C1.1. IAAF. 2021. p. 32. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
Ed Caesar (December 12, 2016). "Inside Nike's Quest for the Impossible: a Two-Hour Marathon". Wired. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
Alex Hutchinson (December 12, 2016). "Nike's Audacious Plan: Break the 2-Hour Marathon Barrier in 2017". Runner's World. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
Ross Tucker, PhD (December 13, 2016). "The sub-2 hour marathon in 2017? Thoughts on concept". The Science of Sport. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
"Interactive: A look at how three marathoners could break the sub-2hr barrier on May 6". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
Jon Mulkeen (May 6, 2017). "Kipchoge a 'happy man' in Monza". IAAF. Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
Eliud Kipchoge falls 26 seconds short of first sub two-hour marathon Archived September 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 7-May-2017
INEOS. "INEOS 1:59 Challenge". ineos159challenge.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
Derek Hawkins (October 12, 2019). "Kenya's Eliud Kipchoge Just Became the First Person to Break the 2-Hour Barrier". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
Agnew, Mark (October 12, 2019). "Eliud Kipchoge runs sub two-hour marathon in 1:59:40, making history with first four-minute mile equivalent". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
"Fastest marathon distance (male)". Guinness World Records. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
"First marathon distance run under two hours". Guinness World Records. October 12, 2019. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
IAAF Statistics Handbook – Daegu 2011. Butler, Mark, ed. (2011). 13th IAAF World Championships in Athletics – IAAF Statistics Handbook – Daegu 2011 (PDF). Part 5 (of 5). IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. pp. 595, 612, 614–615, 705, 707. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
Cook, Theodore Andrea (1909). "The Fourth Olympiad being The Official Report The Olympic Games of 1908" (PDF). The British Olympic Association, London. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Athletes | Olympic Medalist | Olympians | Gold Medalists | Medal Count". International Olympic Committee. July 19, 1996. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
"Men's World Record Times – 1905 to 1911". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Yonkers Marathon Archived January 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
"J.F. CROWLEY WINS YONKERS MARATHON; Irish-American Runner Leads Big Field Over Westchester County Roads". The New York Times. November 27, 1908. p. 7. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
"12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. p. 565. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 6, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Image: 1909Timesreport.jpg, (550 × 1188 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Men's World Record Times – 1910 to 1916". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Image: 1913Timesreport.jpg, (434 × 452 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Olympic Games Official Report 1920" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 8, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Whitey Michelsen". Archived from the original on October 5, 2013.
"Men's World Record Times – 1922 to 1928". Marathonguide.com. October 12, 1925. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1935". ARRS. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1932 to 1938". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1947". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (25.54 mi. = 41.1 km)
The Association of Road Racing Statisticians does not consider performances on the Boston Marathon course to qualify for world record status due to the possibility that they could be aided by slope and/or tailwinds. (See [1] Archived January 9, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.) This mirrors the IAAF's current criteria regarding record eligible courses.
"Men's World Record Times – 1944 to 1950". Marathonguide.com. April 19, 1947. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Men's World Record Times – 1949 to 1955". Marathonguide.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
"Image: 1952Timesreport.jpg, (359 × 1700 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1954Timesreport.jpg, (339 × 1244 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Guinness World Records fastest marathon run in bare feet". guinnessworldrecords.com. September 10, 1960. Archived from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
"Image: 1963Timesreport.jpg, (1733 × 1242 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1964Timesreport.jpg, (1362 × 1353 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"Image: 1965Timesreport.jpg, (704 × 1260 px)". ianridpath.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
"World Marathon Rankings for 1969". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2009. Short Course (ca 500 m short)
"2021 New York Marathon Statistical Information" (PDF). germanroadraces.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
"Del's Athletics Almanac Olympics Commonweath European World Championship Results [Event Information]". Athletics.hitsites.de. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
"Makau stuns with 2:03:38 marathon world record in Berlin". World Athletics. September 25, 2011. Archived from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
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