Mardi Gras Indians (English Wikipedia)

"The Mardi Gras Indians, a story". African American Registry. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
"The Mardi Gras Indians, a story". African American Registry. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
"The Mardi Gras Indians, a story". African American Registry. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
"The Mardi Gras Indians, a story". African American Registry. Retrieved September 22, 2024.

americamagazine.org

"Podcast: The subversive history of Black Mardi Gras". America the Jesuit Review Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
"Podcast: The subversive history of Black Mardi Gras". America the Jesuit Review Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2024.

amsterdamnews.com

Garcia, Jesus (2024). "African influence flavors carnivals in the Americas". New York Amsterdam News. Retrieved October 5, 2024.

archive.org

Dewulf, Jereon (2017). From the Kingdom of Kongo to Congo Square : Kongo dances and the origins of the Mardi Gras Indians. University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9781935754961.
Dewulf, Jeroen (2017). From the Kingdom of Kongo to Congo Square : Kongo dances and the origins of the Mardi Gras Indians. University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. p. 153. ISBN 9781935754961.
Dewulf, Jeroen (2017). From the Kingdom of Kongo to Congo Square : Kongo dances and the origins of the Mardi Gras Indians. University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. pp. 81–87, 110, 119. ISBN 9781935754961.
Dewulf, Jeroen (2017). From the Kingdom of Kongo to Congo Square : Kongo dances and the origins of the Mardi Gras Indians. University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. p. 81. ISBN 9781935754961.
Berry, Jason; Foose, Jonathan; Jones, Tad (2003). "In Search of the Mardi Gras Indians". In Brennan, Jonathan (ed.). When Brer Rabbit Meets Coyote: African-Native American Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 213. ISBN 9780252028199. OCLC 50606375.

arthurrogergallery.com

Meade, Natelie. "The Undersung Histories of Mardi Gras's Black Indians". Arthur Roger Gallery. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
Meade, Natelie. "The Undersung Histories of Mardi Gras's Black Indians". Arthur Roger Gallery. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
Meade, Natelie. "The Undersung Histories of Mardi Gras's Black Indians". Arthur Roger Gallery. Retrieved September 28, 2024.

artsy.net

Cohen, Alina (February 12, 2018). "How the "Mardi Gras Indians" Compete to Craft the Most Stunning Costumes". Artsy. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
Cohen, Alina. "How the "Mardi Gras Indians" Compete to Craft the Most Stunning Costumes". Artsy. Retrieved September 28, 2024.

austinchronicle.com

Moser, Margaret. "My Gang Don't Bow Down: Mardi Gras Indian Chief Kevin Goodman leads his tribe to Texas," Austin Chronicle (May 5, 2006).

berklee.edu

pulse.berklee.edu

"Who are the Mardi Gras Indians". Berklee Pulse. Berklee College of Music. Retrieved September 23, 2024.

books.google.com

Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 18, 43–45, 75–90. ISBN 9781496825926.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. p. 3. ISBN 9781496825926.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. p. 75-90. ISBN 9781496825926.
Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33273-9.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 17–19, 71. ISBN 9781496825926.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 45–60, 83. ISBN 9781496825926.
Gaudet, Garcia; McDonald, James (2011). Mardi Gras, Gumbo, and Zydeco: Readings in Louisiana Culture. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 23–25. ISBN 9781604736427.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9781496825926.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. p. 18. ISBN 9781496825926.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 64–70. ISBN 9781496825926.
Lief, Shane; McCusker, John (2019). Jockomo: The Native Roots of Mardi Gras Indians. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 64–70. ISBN 9781496825926.

bowdoin.edu

tildesites.bowdoin.edu

""Iko Iko"—traditional New Orleans Mardi Gras Indian call and response song" (PDF). Bowdoin College. Retrieved October 2, 2024.

caribbean-beat.com

"Indian Carnival cousins". Caribbean-beat. Retrieved October 9, 2024.

cbr.com

"Cloak & Dagger Just Reinvented an Important Piece of Tyrone's Mythology". CBR. Retrieved June 22, 2018.

countryroadsmagazine.com

Viddal, Grete. "Pretty, Pretty, Pretty The craft of creating a Black Masking Indian suit". Country Roads Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2024.

dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net

Njoku, Raphael. West African Masking Traditions and Diaspora Masquerade Carnivals (PDF). University Rochester Press. pp. 17, 111–112. ISBN 9781580469845.
Njoku, Raphael. West African Masking Traditions and Diaspora Masquerade Carnivals (PDF). University Rochester Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781580469845.

duke.edu

sites.duke.edu

"The Black Atlantic" (PDF). Duke University. Retrieved September 24, 2024.

essence.com

Chenier, Ceirra. "The Real Mardi Gras: Black New Orleanians Reclaim Their Space Through Carnival Traditions". Essance Magazine. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

explorelouisiana.com

Ramsey, Jan. "Louisiana Music: Mardi Gras Indians and Zulu". Explore Louisiana. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
"A Brief History of Mardi Gras Indians". Explore Louisiana. Retrieved October 4, 2024.

frenchquarterly.com

Welsch, Kim. ""Killing 'em Dead with Needle and Thread" A Brief History of Mardi Gras Indians". The French Quarterly Magazine. Retrieved October 1, 2024.

gale.com

go.gale.com

Becker, Cynthia (2013). "New Orleans Mardi Gras Indians: mediating racial politics from the backstreets to Main Street". African Arts. 46 (2). Retrieved October 6, 2024.

goodreads.com

"Mardi Gras Indians". Good Reads. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
"Mardi Gras Indians". Retrieved October 8, 2024.
"Mardi Gras Indians". Good Reads. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
"Mardi Gras Indians". Good Reads. Retrieved September 29, 2024.

google.com

Williams, Nikesha (2022). Mardi Gras Indians. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807179123.
Manifold, Marjorie (2017). Art Themes Choices in Art Learning and Making. Indiana University Press. p. 668. ISBN 9780253031204.
Clark A., Mary. Then We'll Sing a New Song African Influences on America's Religious Landscape. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 161. ISBN 9781442208810.
Hall M., Gwendolyn (1995). Africans In Colonial Louisiana The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth-Century. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 200–210, 220–230. ISBN 9780807141076.
Berlin, Ira (2009). Many Thousands Gone The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Harvard University Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780674020825.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 21–24. ISBN 9781455624652.
Hall M., Gwendolyn (1995). Africans In Colonial Louisiana The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth-Century. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 200–210, 220–230. ISBN 9780807141076.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 122. ISBN 9781455608386.
Clark A., Mary. Then We'll Sing a New Song African Influences on America's Religious Landscape. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 161. ISBN 9781442208810.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 9781455608386.
Williams, Nikesha (2022). Mardi Gras Indians. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 69, 136. ISBN 9780807179130.
Williams, Nikesha (2022). Mardi Gras Indians. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 1960, 2005. ISBN 9780807179123.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 111. ISBN 9781455608386.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9781455624652.
Richards, Paulette. Object Performance in the Black Atlantic the United States. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000919899.
Williams, Nikesha (2022). Mardi Gras Indians. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807179123.
Kein, Sybil (2000). Creole The History and Legacy of Louisiana's Free People of Color. Louisiana State University Press. p. 124. ISBN 9780807126011.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 77–78. ISBN 9781455608386.
Kwasi Dor W., George (2014). West African Drumming and Dance in North American Universities An Ethnomusicological Perspective. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781496801975.
Daniel, Yvonne. Caribbean and Atlantic Diaspora Dance Igniting Citizenship. University of Illinois Press. p. 153. ISBN 9780252036538.
The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Competition. Oxford University Press. 2019. pp. 8, 12, 577. ISBN 9780190639082.
Vaz M., Kim (2013). The 'Baby Dolls' Breaking the Race and Gender Barriers of the New Orleans Mardi Gras Tradition. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807150726.
Williams, Nikesha (2022). Mardi Gras Indians. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807179123.
Evans, Freddie (2011). Congo Square African Roots in New Orleans. University of Louisiana at Lafayette Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 9781935754039.
Anderson, Robin (2017). HBO's Treme and the Stories of the Storm From New Orleans as Disaster Myth to Groundbreaking Television. Lexington Books. p. 58. ISBN 9781498519908.
Fromont, Cecile (2019). Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition. Penn State University Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780271084367.
Turner, Richard (2016). Jazz Religion, the Second Line, and Black New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina. Indiana University Press. pp. 14–25, 33–38, 43–55, 58, 68. ISBN 9780253025128.
Falola, Toyin; Childs, Matt (2005). The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World. Indiana University Press. pp. 169, 179–180, 306. ISBN 9780253003010.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9781455608386.
Turner, Richard (2016). Jazz Religion, the Second Line, and Black New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina. Indiana University Press. pp. 7, 38–39, 50–55, 60–65, 66–80. ISBN 9780253025128.
Kennedy, Al (2010). Big Chief Harrison and the Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 364. ISBN 9781455601172.
Bellegarde-Smith (2006). Vodou in Haitian Life and Culture Invisible Powers. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 128. ISBN 9780312376208.
Turner, Richard (2016). Jazz Religion, the Second Line, and Black New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina. Indiana University Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 9780253025128.
Holloway, Joseph (2005). Africanisms in American Culture, Second Edition. Indiana University Press. p. 385. ISBN 9780253217493.
Falola, Toyin; Childs, Matt (2005). The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World. Indiana University Press. p. 306. ISBN 9780253003010.
Williams, Nikesha (2022). Mardi Gras Indians. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807179123.
Smith, Michael (1994). Mardi Gras Indians. Arcadia Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 9781455608386.

historians.org

Adderly, Laura. "New Orleans and the African Diaspora". American Historical Association. Retrieved September 26, 2024.

hnoc.org

"New Orleans history starter pack: a beginner's guide to understanding the Crescent City". The Historic New Orleans Collection. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
"New Orleans history starter pack: a beginner's guide to understanding the Crescent City". The Historic New Orleans Collection Museum. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
Perkins, Emily. "Coming to New Orleans: A new series on the city's diverse immigration history". The Historic New Orleans Collection Museum. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
Brown, Loren. "Preserving the pretty: New resource helps preserve Black Masking Indian suits". The Historic New Orleans Collection. Retrieved September 28, 2024.

independent.co.uk

"Mardi Gras Indian chief prepares for Fat Tuesday and Grammys". Independent. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Njoku, Raphael C. (2020). Igbo Masquerade Dances in the African Diasporas: Symbols and Meanings. University of Rochester Press. p. 135.
Njoku, Raphael C. (2020). Igbo Masquerade Dances in the African Diasporas: Symbols and Meanings. University of Rochester Press. p. 135.
Just, Sascha (2017). "Black Indians of New Orleans—"Won't Bow Down, Don't Know How"". The Southern Quarterly. 55 (1): 72–87. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
Viddal, Grete (2020). "Fire in the Hole: The Spirit Work of Fi Yi Yi and the Mandingo Warriors ed. by Rachel Breunlin (review)". African Arts. 53 (1): 95–96. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
Njoku, , Raphael C. (2020). Igbo Masquerade Dances in the African Diasporas: Symbols and Meanings. University of Rochester Press. p. 134.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

jpanafrican.org

"Dillard University-Harvard's Hutchins Center Black Arts Movement Conference, September 9-11, 2016" (PDF). Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies. 11 (6): 320–321, 326. 2018. Retrieved September 23, 2024.

jstor.org

Smith, Michael (1993). "Behind the Lines: The Black Mardi Gras Indians and the New Orleans Second Line". Black Music Research Journal. 14 (1): 44–48, 57.
Lipsitz, George (1988). "Mardi Gras Indians: Carnival and Counter-Narrative in Black New Orleans". Cultural Critique (10): 99–121. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
Greene, Oliver (2020). "The Aesthetic of Asé in the Black Masking Indians of New Orleans". Fire!!!. 6 (2): 73. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
Lee, Ana (2017). "Memoryscapes of Race: Black Radical Parading Cultures of New Orleans". TDR (1988-). 61 (2): 71–86. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
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Roberts, Shearon (2023). "Post-Katrina Intrusions on African American Cultural Traditions in New Orleans". The Power of the Story: Writing Disasters in Haiti and the Circum-Caribbean: 78–79, 82–83, 87–88. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
Turner, Richard B. (2003). "Mardi Gras Indians and Second Lines/Sequin Artists and Rara Bands: Street Festivals and Performances in New Orleans and Haiti". Journal of Haitian Studies. 9 (1): 124. Retrieved October 11, 2024.
Bilby, Kenneth (2010). "Surviving Secularization: Masking the Spirit in the Jankunu (John Canoe) Festivals of the Caribbean". NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids. 84 (3/4): 215. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
Hirsch, Sarah (2019). ""Unmasking" Culture: Mardi Gras Indians and the Materiality of Re-presentation". The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association. 52 (2): 53. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
Sands, Rosita (1991). "Carnival Celebrations in Africa and the New World: Junkanoo and the Black Indians of Mardi Gras". Black Music Research Journal. 11 (1): 75–92. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
Dewulf, Jeroen (2015). "From Moors to Indians: The Mardi Gras Indians and the Three Transformations of St. James". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 56 (1): 7–9. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
Irobi, Esiaba (2007). "What They Came with: Carnival and the Persistence of African Performance Aesthetics in the Diaspora". Journal of Black Studies. 37 (6): 909. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
Becker, Cynthia (2013). "New Orleans Mardi Gras Indians: Mediating Racial Politics from the Backstreets to Main Street". African Arts. 46 (2): 36–38. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
Becker, Cynthia (2013). "New Orleans Mardi Gras Indians: Mediating Racial Politics from the Backstreets to Main Street". African Arts. 46 (2): 38. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
Becker, Cynthia; Breunlin, Rachel; Regis, Helen (2013). "Performing Africa in New Orleans". African Arts. 46 (2): 13. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
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Gibson, Annie (2013). "Parading Brazil through New Orleans: Brazilian Immigrant Interaction with Casa Samba". Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana. 34 (1): 17. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
Gibson, Annie (2013). "Parading Brazil through New Orleans: Brazilian Immigrant Interaction with Casa Samba". Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana. 34 (1): 17. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
Gibson, Annie (2013). "Parading Brazil through New Orleans: Brazilian Immigrant Interaction with Casa Samba". Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana. 34 (1): 17. Retrieved September 26, 2024.

libguides.com

selu.libguides.com

"Mardi Gras Indians". Southeastern Louisiana University. Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved October 5, 2024.

louisianafolklife.org

Ya Salaam, Kalamu. "New Orleans Mardi Gras Indians and Tootie Montana". Folklife in Louisiana. Louisiana Division of the Arts, Department of Culture, Recreation & Tourism Louisiana Folklife Program. Retrieved October 8, 2024.
Siler, Charles. "A Commentary: African Cultural Retentions in Louisiana". Louisiana Division of the Arts. Dept. of Culture, Recreation & Tourism Louisiana Folklife Program. Retrieved September 26, 2024.
Smith, Michael. "Mardi Gras Indians: Culture and Community Empowerment". Folklife in Louisiana. Louisiana Division of Arts. Retrieved September 23, 2024.
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louisianastatemuseum.org

"Mystery in Motion: African American Masking and Spirituality in Mardi Gras". Louisiana State Museums. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
"Music, Dancing, and Chanting Mystery in Motion: African American Spirituality in Mardi Gras". Louisiana State Museums. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
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"Native American Inspiration Mystery in Motion: African American Spirituality in Mardi Gras". Louisiana State Museum.
"Rastafarianism Mystery in Motion: African American Spirituality in Mardi Gras". Louisiana State Museums. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
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lsupress.org

Williams, Nikesha. "New Orleans and Mardi Gras Indian Culture". Louisiana State University Press. Louisiana State University. Retrieved October 13, 2024.

mardigrasneworleans.com

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merriam-webster.com

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Damm, Robert. "Remembering bamboula". College of Education Publications and Scholarship. Mississippi State University. Retrieved October 9, 2024.

myneworleans.com

Laborde, Errol. "Black Mardi Gras Culture". New Orleans Magazine. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
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neworleans.com

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newyorker.com

Medea, Natalie. "The Undersung Histories of the Mardi Gras's Black Indians". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
Meade, Natalie. "The Undersung Histories of Mardi Gras's Black Indians". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 29, 2024.

nextavenue.org

Tafur, Suzanne. "Grooving With the Mardi Gras Indians". Next Avenue. Retrieved October 8, 2024.

nola.com

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northeastern.edu

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npr.org

Thompkins, Gwen. "In New Orleans, 'Indian Red' Is the Anthemic Sound of Tradition". South Carolina Public Radio NPR. Retrieved September 27, 2024.
Donnella, Leah. "The Mardi Gras Indian Of 'Lemonade'". South Carolina Public Radio NPR. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
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oup.com

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Pier, Meg. "Insights on Culture of Mardi Gras Indians from Standard-Bearer". People Are Culture. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
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Pier, Meg. "Insights on Culture of Mardi Gras Indians from Standard-Bearer". People Are Culture. Retrieved October 1, 2024.

princeton.edu

environment.princeton.edu

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pulitzer.org

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si.edu

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tennessean.com

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Becker, Cynthia (2023). "Review: Mystery in Motion: African American Masking and Spirituality in Mardi Gras, co-curated by Kim Vaz-Deville and Ron Bechet". Nova Religio. 26 (4): 132–135. Retrieved September 28, 2024.

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Jackson, Joyce; Mosadomi, Fehintola. "The Masking Traditions of the Nigerian Yoruba Egungun and the New Orleans Black Mardi Gras Indians". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
Jackson, Joyce; Mosadomi, Fehintola. "The Masking Traditions of the Nigerian Yoruba Egungun and the New Orleans Black Mardi Gras Indians". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
Jackson, Joyce; Mosadomi, Fehintola. "The Masking Traditions of the Nigerian Yoruba Egungun and the New Orleans Black Mardi Gras Indians". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
Jackson, Joyce; Mosadomi, Fehintola. "The Masking Traditions of the Nigerian Yoruba Egungun and the New Orleans Black Mardi Gras Indians". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved September 30, 2024.

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