Master's degree (English Wikipedia)

The spelling of master's degree and master's without an apostrophe is considered a mistake by many (see non-standard apostrophe use), but it is becoming more common. It is considered incorrect by most if not all US and most UK and Australian universities, style guides, and dictionaries, for example: OED, Collins, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, American Heritage (master's), American Heritage (master's degree), Merriam-Webster, and the Macquarie Dictionary as shown in the following Monash University quotation. Monash University's style guide directly admits that the incorrectly missing apostrophe used to be more widespread in publications of this and therefore presumably other Australian universities: "Note that both 'bachelor's degree' and 'master's degree', when used in a generic sense, require an apostrophe. While some dislike this convention, it is prescribed by the Macquarie Dictionary (the Australian standard) and the Oxford English Dictionary (the UK standard), and aligns with our key institutional partner Warwick University. Currently, you will find the terms used both with and without an apostrophe throughout our online and print publications – gradually, we need to move toward correct usage."

aqf.edu.au

[1] Archived October 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
Australian Qualifications Framework (PDF) (Second ed.). Australian Qualifications Framework Council. January 2013. pp. 72–73. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016.
Australian Qualifications Framework (PDF) (Second ed.). Australian Qualifications Framework Council. January 2013. pp. 59–62. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2016.

boe.es

"Real Decreto 967/2014". Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. pp. 95973–95993. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

books.google.com

Hastings Rashdall (1895). "I". The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1, Salerno, Bologna, Paris. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–22. ISBN 9781108018104. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Board Of Overseers, Harvard University (6 January 1825). Revised Code of Laws. p. 22. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
J. A. Lawrie (20 July 1855). The Charters of the Scotch Universities and Medical Corporations, and Medical Reform in Scotland. Provincial Medical and Surgical Association. p. 687. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"Minutes of the Medical Council". The Medical Times and Gazette. 13 July 1861. p. 441. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
College of Surgeons. Vol. 13. 1870. p. 284. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Barnard, Henry (1858). University of Edinburgh. Vol. 4. p. 821. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"Examination for the degree of Master of Arts". Regulations of the University of London on the Subject of Degrees in Arts. 1839. pp. 21–23. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"Regulations". The Durham University Calendar. 1842. pp. xxv–xxvi. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
Chambers w. And r, ltd (1862). "Edinburgh University". Chambers's Encyclopaedia•volume=III.
Walter Arthur Donnelly (1941). Degrees Authorized by the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan, an Encyclopedic Survey. University of Michigan. p. 294. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"Third Charter, 1858". University of London, the Historical Record: 1836-1912. University of London Press. 1912. pp. 39–48. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
Ravenscroft, Edward (872). Regulations as to Degrees in Science. pp. 115–117. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
University Calendar. Victoria University. 1883. pp. 37–38. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Carter A. Daniel (1998). MBA: The First Century. Bucknell University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780838753620. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Education and Skills Committee (30 April 2007). The Bologna process and the UK. The Stationery Office. p. 52. ISBN 9780215033727. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk

C. E. Whiting (29 June 1937). "Durham University Centenary". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 8 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive. The M.A. degree at Oxford and Cambridge had degenerated, and was granted to Bachelors of three years' standing on the payment of certain fees. At Durham the B.A. had to keep residence for three extra terms, and to pass what seems have been an honours examination in order to proceed to the Master's degree, and for a number of years classes were awarded in the M.A. examination.
"University of London". Southern Reporter and Cork Commercial Courier. 28 December 1859. Retrieved 9 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Durham University". Bury and Norwich Post. 7 October 1862. Retrieved 9 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"New Degrees of Science". Cheltenham Chronicle. 5 June 1877. Retrieved 9 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"University Intelligence". Oxford Journal. 5 April 1879. Retrieved 9 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"University Intelligence". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 5 February 1880. Retrieved 9 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Clippings from the Athenaeum". Sunderland Daily Echo and Shipping Gazette. 24 August 1878. Retrieved 9 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"The Victoria University and its Science Degrees". Birmingham Daily Post. 16 April 1881. Retrieved 8 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Mr. Meyer and his D.D.". London Daily News. 31 August 1903. Retrieved 13 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"University Degrees". London Daily News. 2 September 1903. Retrieved 13 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"University Degrees". London Daily News. 7 September 1903. Retrieved 13 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Commerce as a Science". London Daily News. 26 November 1903. Retrieved 13 August 2016 – via British Newspaper Archive.

cam.ac.uk

mcl.law.cam.ac.uk

"The Faculty of Law". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

cambridge.org

dictionary.cambridge.org

The spelling of master's degree and master's without an apostrophe is considered a mistake by many (see non-standard apostrophe use), but it is becoming more common. It is considered incorrect by most if not all US and most UK and Australian universities, style guides, and dictionaries, for example: OED, Collins, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, American Heritage (master's), American Heritage (master's degree), Merriam-Webster, and the Macquarie Dictionary as shown in the following Monash University quotation. Monash University's style guide directly admits that the incorrectly missing apostrophe used to be more widespread in publications of this and therefore presumably other Australian universities: "Note that both 'bachelor's degree' and 'master's degree', when used in a generic sense, require an apostrophe. While some dislike this convention, it is prescribed by the Macquarie Dictionary (the Australian standard) and the Oxford English Dictionary (the UK standard), and aligns with our key institutional partner Warwick University. Currently, you will find the terms used both with and without an apostrophe throughout our online and print publications – gradually, we need to move toward correct usage."

cife.eu

"Degree & recognition". Centre International de Formation Europëenne. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

cncp.gouv.fr

rncp.cncp.gouv.fr

"The French National Qualifications Framework". Commission nationale de la certification professionnelle. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

collinsdictionary.com

The spelling of master's degree and master's without an apostrophe is considered a mistake by many (see non-standard apostrophe use), but it is becoming more common. It is considered incorrect by most if not all US and most UK and Australian universities, style guides, and dictionaries, for example: OED, Collins, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, American Heritage (master's), American Heritage (master's degree), Merriam-Webster, and the Macquarie Dictionary as shown in the following Monash University quotation. Monash University's style guide directly admits that the incorrectly missing apostrophe used to be more widespread in publications of this and therefore presumably other Australian universities: "Note that both 'bachelor's degree' and 'master's degree', when used in a generic sense, require an apostrophe. While some dislike this convention, it is prescribed by the Macquarie Dictionary (the Australian standard) and the Oxford English Dictionary (the UK standard), and aligns with our key institutional partner Warwick University. Currently, you will find the terms used both with and without an apostrophe throughout our online and print publications – gradually, we need to move toward correct usage."

constitution.org

"Harvard College Laws of 1700". Constitution Society. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

debretts.com

"University Degrees". Debrett's. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

doi.org

"New-style engineering degrees proposed". The Production Engineer. 62 (9): 4. September 1983. doi:10.1049/tpe.1983.0163.
European Commission. Directorate General for Education Culture (2015). ECTS Users' Guide (PDF). European Union. p. 10. doi:10.2766/87192. ISBN 978-92-79-43559-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

ed.gov

www2.ed.gov

"Structure of the U.S. Education System: Master's Degrees". United States Department of Education. February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

educationengland.org.uk

The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997). Higher Education in the learning society. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

ehea.info

"The framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). European Higher Education Area. 20 May 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
"Verification of Compatibility of Irish National Framework of Qualifications with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). November 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
"Verification of Compatibility of Irish National Framework of Qualifications with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). November 2006. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
Verification of compatibility of the Danish National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area (PDF). The Danish Evaluation Institute. November 2009. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-87-7958-556-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
"European higher education area - Slovenia". ehea.info. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
"European higher education area - Croatia". ehea.info. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.

engc.org.uk

Colin R. Chapman; Jack Levy (2004). "An Engine for Change: A Chronicle of the Engineering Council" (PDF). Engineering Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2016.

enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr

"Organisation licence master doctorat (L.M.D.)" (in French). Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

europa.eu

webgate.ec.europa.eu

European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2015). The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Bologna Process Implementation Report (Report). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. p. 17. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2015). The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Bologna Process Implementation Report (Report). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. pp. 54–56. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

ec.europa.eu

European Commission. Directorate General for Education Culture (2015). ECTS Users' Guide (PDF). European Union. p. 10. doi:10.2766/87192. ISBN 978-92-79-43559-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

gatech.edu

scheller.gatech.edu

"Georgia Institute of Technology: Evening Program". Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2015.

ghostarchive.org

"Oxbridge masters degrees 'offensive', says Cambridge don". Daily Telegraph. 27 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

harvard.edu

news.harvard.edu

Corydon Ireland (22 May 2012). "Commencements, from 1642 onward". Harvard Gazette. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.

historians.org

"A (Very) Brief History the Master's Degree". American Historical Association. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

home.nl

members.home.nl

"Citizens' questions letter from Dutch Department of Education, Culture and Science" (PDF). Members.home.nl. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

independent.co.uk

Ben Russell (3 July 2000). "Oxbridge MAs are misleading, says agency". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

independent.ie

"TCD to keep selling Masters - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. 19 November 2005. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.

international.ac.uk

Results of the 2011 UK HE International Unit European Activity Survey of UK HEIs - UK (PDF) (Report). UK Higher Education International Unit. 23 April 2012. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2014.
Results of the 2011 UK HE International Unit European Activity Survey of UK HEIs - UK (PDF) (Report). UK Higher Education International Unit. 23 April 2012. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2014.

kopertis3.or.id

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

merriam-webster.com

The spelling of master's degree and master's without an apostrophe is considered a mistake by many (see non-standard apostrophe use), but it is becoming more common. It is considered incorrect by most if not all US and most UK and Australian universities, style guides, and dictionaries, for example: OED, Collins, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, American Heritage (master's), American Heritage (master's degree), Merriam-Webster, and the Macquarie Dictionary as shown in the following Monash University quotation. Monash University's style guide directly admits that the incorrectly missing apostrophe used to be more widespread in publications of this and therefore presumably other Australian universities: "Note that both 'bachelor's degree' and 'master's degree', when used in a generic sense, require an apostrophe. While some dislike this convention, it is prescribed by the Macquarie Dictionary (the Australian standard) and the Oxford English Dictionary (the UK standard), and aligns with our key institutional partner Warwick University. Currently, you will find the terms used both with and without an apostrophe throughout our online and print publications – gradually, we need to move toward correct usage."

minocw.nl

"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap". Minocw.nl. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

miur.it

attiministeriali.miur.it

"Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca". Attiministeriali.muir.it. Archived from the original on 12 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

monash.edu

The spelling of master's degree and master's without an apostrophe is considered a mistake by many (see non-standard apostrophe use), but it is becoming more common. It is considered incorrect by most if not all US and most UK and Australian universities, style guides, and dictionaries, for example: OED, Collins, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, American Heritage (master's), American Heritage (master's degree), Merriam-Webster, and the Macquarie Dictionary as shown in the following Monash University quotation. Monash University's style guide directly admits that the incorrectly missing apostrophe used to be more widespread in publications of this and therefore presumably other Australian universities: "Note that both 'bachelor's degree' and 'master's degree', when used in a generic sense, require an apostrophe. While some dislike this convention, it is prescribed by the Macquarie Dictionary (the Australian standard) and the Oxford English Dictionary (the UK standard), and aligns with our key institutional partner Warwick University. Currently, you will find the terms used both with and without an apostrophe throughout our online and print publications – gradually, we need to move toward correct usage."

nfq-qqi.com

"Irish National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ)". Quality and Qualifications Ireland. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

nottingham.ac.uk

"University of Nottingham Qualifications Framework". Quality Manual. University of Nottingham. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

nsf.gov

"Graduate Education: Parameters for Public Policy" (PDF). National Science Board. 1969. pp. 1–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

nvao.net

"Veelgestelde vragen". www.nvao.net. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008.

onzetaal.nl

Kees™ Internetbureau. "titulatuur: drs. A. Jansen, M.B.A. - Genootschap Onze Taal". Onzetaal.nl. Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

overheid.nl

wetten.overheid.nl

"wetten.nl - Wet- en regelgeving - Wet op het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek - BWBR0005682". Wetten.overheid.nl. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.

ox.ac.uk

admin.ox.ac.uk

"Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". Statutes and Regulations. University of Oxford. 16 September 2015. Conversion of BLitt, BPhil, and BSc to MLitt, MPhil, and MSc. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

ox.ac.uk

University of Oxford Style Guide (PDF). University of Oxford. 2016. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

parliament.uk

api.parliament.uk

"PARLIAMENTARY REFORM—BILL FOR SCOTLAND—COMMITTEE". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 9 July 1832. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2016.

parliament.uk

"Early day motion 806". Parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

prospects.ac.uk

"What is a Master's degree?". Prospects. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
"Applying for a Masters degree". prospects.ac.uk. Graduate Prospects. June 2016. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.

qaa.ac.uk

"The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland". Quality Assurance Agency. January 2001. Archived from the original on 14 April 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
"The framework for qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland". Quality Assurance Agency. January 2001. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies. Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 29. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
Master's Degree Characteristics Statement (PDF) (Report). Quality Assurance Agency. September 2015. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
Master's Degree Characteristics Statement (PDF) (Report). Quality Assurance Agency. September 2015. pp. 10–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
"Master's Degree Characteristics Statement" (PDF). QAA. September 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
"Higher education credit framework for England" (PDF). QAA. August 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
"Verification of compatibility of the framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland with the framework for qualifications of the European Higher Education Area" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. October 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
"Verification of the compatibility of The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ) with the Framework for Qualifications of the European Higher Education Area(FQ-EHEA)" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

ristekdikti.go.id

lldikti3.ristekdikti.go.id

"Permenristedikti Nomor 44 Tahun 2015 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi | LLDikti III". Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

roc-taiwan.org

Team, Internet. "2023-2024 Taiwan Scholarship program will be open for application from February 1 till March 31, 2023". Taipei Representative Office, Budapest, Hungary 駐匈牙利台北代表處. Retrieved 20 April 2024.

swissuniversities.ch

"Home - swissuniversities". www.swissuniversities.ch. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.

technion.ac.il

graduate.technion.ac.il

"Graduate School, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology". technion.ac.il. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.

telegraph.co.uk

"Oxbridge masters degrees 'offensive', says Cambridge don". Daily Telegraph. 27 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

theiet.org

digital-library.theiet.org

"New-style engineering degrees proposed". The Production Engineer. 62 (9): 4. September 1983. doi:10.1049/tpe.1983.0163.

timeshighereducation.com

Jennifer Currie (16 June 2000). "Why I...think Oxbridge MA degrees should be scrapped". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.

topuniversities.com

"Masters in Accounting". QS Top Universities. QS Quacquarelli Symonds. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
"Graduate Admissions Tests at a Glance: GMAT, GRE, LSAT, TOEFL & IELTS". Top Universities. QS Quacquarelli Symonds. 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

ucas.com

"FAQs about postgraduate study". UCAS. 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.

uka.se

english.uka.se

"Qualifications". Swedish Higher Education Authority. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2020.

unisq.edu.au

"Master of Research (MRES) - UniSQ Handbook". www.unisq.edu.au. Retrieved 11 March 2023.

universityworldnews.com

"EUROPE: Future of masters programmes". University World News. 26 April 2009. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

vlaanderen.be

onderwijs.vlaanderen.be

"Welke waarde heeft mijn oude diploma in de huidige bachelor-masterstructuur?" [Value of old type degrees in the higher education system for the Flemish community]. Education Flanders (in Dutch). Retrieved 12 October 2022.

web.archive.org

The spelling of master's degree and master's without an apostrophe is considered a mistake by many (see non-standard apostrophe use), but it is becoming more common. It is considered incorrect by most if not all US and most UK and Australian universities, style guides, and dictionaries, for example: OED, Collins, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, American Heritage (master's), American Heritage (master's degree), Merriam-Webster, and the Macquarie Dictionary as shown in the following Monash University quotation. Monash University's style guide directly admits that the incorrectly missing apostrophe used to be more widespread in publications of this and therefore presumably other Australian universities: "Note that both 'bachelor's degree' and 'master's degree', when used in a generic sense, require an apostrophe. While some dislike this convention, it is prescribed by the Macquarie Dictionary (the Australian standard) and the Oxford English Dictionary (the UK standard), and aligns with our key institutional partner Warwick University. Currently, you will find the terms used both with and without an apostrophe throughout our online and print publications – gradually, we need to move toward correct usage."
[1] Archived October 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
Hastings Rashdall (1895). "I". The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Volume 1, Salerno, Bologna, Paris. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–22. ISBN 9781108018104. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"History of Medieval Education, Middle Ages European Learning". Academic Apparel. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Corydon Ireland (22 May 2012). "Commencements, from 1642 onward". Harvard Gazette. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
"Harvard College Laws of 1700". Constitution Society. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
Board Of Overseers, Harvard University (6 January 1825). Revised Code of Laws. p. 22. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
J. A. Lawrie (20 July 1855). The Charters of the Scotch Universities and Medical Corporations, and Medical Reform in Scotland. Provincial Medical and Surgical Association. p. 687. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"Minutes of the Medical Council". The Medical Times and Gazette. 13 July 1861. p. 441. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
College of Surgeons. Vol. 13. 1870. p. 284. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Barnard, Henry (1858). University of Edinburgh. Vol. 4. p. 821. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"PARLIAMENTARY REFORM—BILL FOR SCOTLAND—COMMITTEE". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 9 July 1832. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
"Examination for the degree of Master of Arts". Regulations of the University of London on the Subject of Degrees in Arts. 1839. pp. 21–23. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"Regulations". The Durham University Calendar. 1842. pp. xxv–xxvi. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
"Graduate Education: Parameters for Public Policy" (PDF). National Science Board. 1969. pp. 1–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
"A (Very) Brief History the Master's Degree". American Historical Association. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Walter Arthur Donnelly (1941). Degrees Authorized by the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan, an Encyclopedic Survey. University of Michigan. p. 294. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"Third Charter, 1858". University of London, the Historical Record: 1836-1912. University of London Press. 1912. pp. 39–48. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
Ravenscroft, Edward (872). Regulations as to Degrees in Science. pp. 115–117. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
University Calendar. Victoria University. 1883. pp. 37–38. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Carter A. Daniel (1998). MBA: The First Century. Bucknell University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780838753620. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"The Faculty of Law". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
"Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". Statutes and Regulations. University of Oxford. 16 September 2015. Conversion of BLitt, BPhil, and BSc to MLitt, MPhil, and MSc. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Colin R. Chapman; Jack Levy (2004). "An Engine for Change: A Chronicle of the Engineering Council" (PDF). Engineering Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997). Higher Education in the learning society. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Jennifer Currie (16 June 2000). "Why I...think Oxbridge MA degrees should be scrapped". Times Higher Education. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
"Early day motion 806". Parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
Ben Russell (3 July 2000). "Oxbridge MAs are misleading, says agency". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
"The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland". Quality Assurance Agency. January 2001. Archived from the original on 14 April 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
"The framework for qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland". Quality Assurance Agency. January 2001. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
"EUROPE: Future of masters programmes". University World News. 26 April 2009. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Education and Skills Committee (30 April 2007). The Bologna process and the UK. The Stationery Office. p. 52. ISBN 9780215033727. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2017. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Results of the 2011 UK HE International Unit European Activity Survey of UK HEIs - UK (PDF) (Report). UK Higher Education International Unit. 23 April 2012. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2014.
"Structure of the U.S. Education System: Master's Degrees". United States Department of Education. February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
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