Maternal mortality in the United States (English Wikipedia)

"OB-GYN workforce shortages could worsen maternal health crisis". U.S. Congressman Michael C. Burgess : 26th District Of Texas. 2023-03-16. Retrieved 2024-01-21.

hrsa.gov

mchb.hrsa.gov

"Healthy Start". Mchb.hrsa.gov. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2013-12-31.

hrsa.gov

"Maternal and obstetric care challenges in rural America" (PDF). National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services. May 2020.

kff.org

Ranji U, Gomez I, Rosenzweig C, Kellenberg R, Gifford K (2022-05-19). "Medicaid Coverage of Pregnancy-Related Services: Findings from a 2021 State Survey - Report". KFF. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
"Medicaid Postpartum Coverage Extension Tracker". KFF. 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
"Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions: Interactive Map". KFF. 2022-09-20. Retrieved 2022-10-31.

medscape.com

Haelle T (2 June 2017). "Is Overreporting of Maternal Mortality Key to High US Rate?". Medscape.

mhtf.org

"Maternal Health in the United States". Maternal Health Task Force. 2015-08-14. Retrieved 2018-11-09.

nationalpartnership.org

Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S, Herrlich A (2013). "Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and Birth" (PDF).
"Black Women's Maternal Health". www.nationalpartnership.org. Retrieved 2019-11-10.

nature.com

Bose T (2023). "Racism in health: the roots of the US Black maternal mortality crisis". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02540-6. PMID 37563471. S2CID 260806744. Retrieved August 10, 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

MacDorman MF, Declercq E, Cabral H, Morton C (September 2016). "Recent Increases in the U.S. Maternal Mortality Rate: Disentangling Trends From Measurement Issues". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 128 (3): 447–55. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001556. PMC 5001799. PMID 27500333.
St Pierre A, Zaharatos J, Goodman D, Callaghan WM (January 2018). "Challenges and Opportunities in Identifying, Reviewing, and Preventing Maternal Deaths". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 131 (1): 138–142. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002417. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 6511983. PMID 29215526.
Chescheir NC (September 2016). "Drilling Down on Maternal Mortality". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 128 (3): 427–8. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001600. PMID 27500323.
Kilpatrick SJ (March 2015). "Next steps to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in the USA". Women's Health. 11 (2): 193–9. doi:10.2217/whe.14.80. PMID 25776293.
Ayala Quintanilla BP, Taft A, McDonald S, Pollock W, Roque Henriquez JC (November 2016). "Social determinants and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence of obstetric patients with severe maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit: a systematic review protocol". BMJ Open. 6 (11): e013270. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013270. PMC 5168548. PMID 27895065.
Murray Horwitz ME, Molina RL, Snowden JM (November 2018). "Postpartum Care in the United States - New Policies for a New Paradigm". The New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (18): 1691–1693. doi:10.1056/nejmp1806516. PMID 30380385. S2CID 53172824.
Eliason EL (2020). "Adoption of Medicaid Expansion is Associated with Lower Maternal Mortality". Women's Health Issues. 30 (3): 147–152. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2020.01.005. PMID 32111417. S2CID 211564327.
Strauss N, Giessler K, McAllister E (2015). "How Doula Care Can Advance the Goals of the Affordable Care Act: A Snapshot From New York City". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 24 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.8. PMC 4720857. PMID 26937157.
Thomas MP, Ammann G, Brazier E, Noyes P, Maybank A (December 2017). "Doula Services Within a Healthy Start Program: Increasing Access for an Underserved Population". Maternal and Child Health Journal. 21 (Suppl 1): 59–64. doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2402-0. PMC 5736765. PMID 29198051.
Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM (August 2018). "Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012". BMC Public Health. 18 (1): 1007. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5935-2. PMC 6090644. PMID 30103716.
Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM (August 2018). "Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012". BMC Public Health. 18 (1): 1007. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5935-2. PMC 6090644. PMID 30103716.
Nove A, Matthews Z, Neal S, Camacho AV (March 2014). "Maternal mortality in adolescents compared with women of other ages: evidence from 144 countries". The Lancet. Global Health. 2 (3): e155-64. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70179-7. PMID 25102848.
Restrepo-Méndez MC, Victora CG (March 2014). "Maternal mortality by age: who is most at risk?". The Lancet. Global Health. 2 (3): e120-1. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70007-5. PMID 25102834.
Moaddab A, Dildy GA, Brown HL, Bateni ZH, Belfort MA, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Clark SL (April 2018). "Health Care Disparity and Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 2005-2014". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (4): 707–712. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002534. PMID 29528919.
Yakubovich AR, Stöckl H, Murray J, Melendez-Torres GJ, Steinert JI, Glavin CE, Humphreys DK (July 2018). "Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Prospective-Longitudinal Studies". American Journal of Public Health. 108 (7): e1 – e11. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304428. ISSN 1541-0048. PMC 5993370. PMID 29771615.
Alhusen JL, Ray E, Sharps P, Bullock L (2015-01-01). "Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes". Journal of Women's Health. 24 (1): 100–106. doi:10.1089/jwh.2014.4872. ISSN 1540-9996. PMC 4361157. PMID 25265285.
Kapaya M, Boulet SL, Warner L, Harrison L, Fowler D (November 2019). "Intimate Partner Violence Before and During Pregnancy, and Prenatal Counseling Among Women with a Recent Live Birth, United States, 2009-2015". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (11): 1476–1486. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7545. ISSN 1931-843X. PMC 10936761. PMID 31460827. S2CID 201654382.
Creanga AA, Syverson C, Seed K, Callaghan WM (August 2017). "Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 2011-2013". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 130 (2): 366–373. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002114. PMC 5744583. PMID 28697109.
Lister RL, Drake W, Scott BH, Graves C (2019-11-22). "Black Maternal Mortality-The Elephant in the Room". World Journal of Gynecology & Women's Health. 3 (1). doi:10.33552/WJGWH.2019.03.000555. PMC 7384760. PMID 32719828.
Howell EA (June 2018). "Reducing Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 61 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000349. ISSN 0009-9201. PMC 5915910. PMID 29346121.
Petersen EE (2019). "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths — United States, 2007–2016". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (35): 762–765. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6835a3. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 6730892. PMID 31487273.
Hirshberg A (October 2017). "Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality". Seminars in Perinatology. 41 (6): 332–337. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.007. PMID 28823579. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
Bose T (2023). "Racism in health: the roots of the US Black maternal mortality crisis". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02540-6. PMID 37563471. S2CID 260806744. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
Green TL, Zapata JY, Brown HW, Hagiwara N (May 2021). "Rethinking Bias to Achieve Maternal Health Equity". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 137 (5): 935–940. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004363. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 8055190. PMID 33831936.
Desai NM, Tsukerman A (2024), "Vaginal Delivery", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32644623, retrieved 2024-02-22
Agrawal P (March 2015). "Maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States of America". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 93 (3): 135. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.148627 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 4371496. PMID 25838608. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
MacDorman MF, Matthews TJ, Declercq E (March 2014). "Trends in out-of-hospital births in the United States, 1990-2012". NCHS Data Brief (144): 1–8. PMID 24594003.
Olds DL, Kitzman H, Knudtson MD, Anson E, Smith JA, Cole R (2014). "Effect of home visiting by nurses on maternal and child mortality: results of a 2-decade follow-up of a randomized clinical trial". JAMA Pediatrics. 168 (9): 800–806. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.472. ISSN 2168-6211. PMC 4235164. PMID 25003802.
Diaz-Tello F (May 2016). "Invisible wounds: obstetric violence in the United States". Reproductive Health Matters. 24 (47): 56–64. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2016.04.004. PMID 27578339.
Atrash HK, Koonin LM, Lawson HW, Franks AL, Smith JC (December 1990). "Maternal mortality in the United States, 1979-1986". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 76 (6): 1055–60. PMID 2234713.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

MacDorman MF, Declercq E, Cabral H, Morton C (September 2016). "Recent Increases in the U.S. Maternal Mortality Rate: Disentangling Trends From Measurement Issues". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 128 (3): 447–55. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001556. PMC 5001799. PMID 27500333.
St Pierre A, Zaharatos J, Goodman D, Callaghan WM (January 2018). "Challenges and Opportunities in Identifying, Reviewing, and Preventing Maternal Deaths". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 131 (1): 138–142. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002417. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 6511983. PMID 29215526.
Ayala Quintanilla BP, Taft A, McDonald S, Pollock W, Roque Henriquez JC (November 2016). "Social determinants and maternal exposure to intimate partner violence of obstetric patients with severe maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit: a systematic review protocol". BMJ Open. 6 (11): e013270. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013270. PMC 5168548. PMID 27895065.
Strauss N, Giessler K, McAllister E (2015). "How Doula Care Can Advance the Goals of the Affordable Care Act: A Snapshot From New York City". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 24 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.8. PMC 4720857. PMID 26937157.
Thomas MP, Ammann G, Brazier E, Noyes P, Maybank A (December 2017). "Doula Services Within a Healthy Start Program: Increasing Access for an Underserved Population". Maternal and Child Health Journal. 21 (Suppl 1): 59–64. doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2402-0. PMC 5736765. PMID 29198051.
Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM (August 2018). "Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012". BMC Public Health. 18 (1): 1007. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5935-2. PMC 6090644. PMID 30103716.
Nelson DB, Moniz MH, Davis MM (August 2018). "Population-level factors associated with maternal mortality in the United States, 1997-2012". BMC Public Health. 18 (1): 1007. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5935-2. PMC 6090644. PMID 30103716.
Yakubovich AR, Stöckl H, Murray J, Melendez-Torres GJ, Steinert JI, Glavin CE, Humphreys DK (July 2018). "Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Prospective-Longitudinal Studies". American Journal of Public Health. 108 (7): e1 – e11. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304428. ISSN 1541-0048. PMC 5993370. PMID 29771615.
Alhusen JL, Ray E, Sharps P, Bullock L (2015-01-01). "Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes". Journal of Women's Health. 24 (1): 100–106. doi:10.1089/jwh.2014.4872. ISSN 1540-9996. PMC 4361157. PMID 25265285.
Kapaya M, Boulet SL, Warner L, Harrison L, Fowler D (November 2019). "Intimate Partner Violence Before and During Pregnancy, and Prenatal Counseling Among Women with a Recent Live Birth, United States, 2009-2015". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (11): 1476–1486. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7545. ISSN 1931-843X. PMC 10936761. PMID 31460827. S2CID 201654382.
Creanga AA, Syverson C, Seed K, Callaghan WM (August 2017). "Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 2011-2013". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 130 (2): 366–373. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002114. PMC 5744583. PMID 28697109.
Lister RL, Drake W, Scott BH, Graves C (2019-11-22). "Black Maternal Mortality-The Elephant in the Room". World Journal of Gynecology & Women's Health. 3 (1). doi:10.33552/WJGWH.2019.03.000555. PMC 7384760. PMID 32719828.
Howell EA (June 2018). "Reducing Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 61 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000349. ISSN 0009-9201. PMC 5915910. PMID 29346121.
Petersen EE (2019). "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths — United States, 2007–2016". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (35): 762–765. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6835a3. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 6730892. PMID 31487273.
Green TL, Zapata JY, Brown HW, Hagiwara N (May 2021). "Rethinking Bias to Achieve Maternal Health Equity". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 137 (5): 935–940. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004363. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 8055190. PMID 33831936.
Desai NM, Tsukerman A (2024), "Vaginal Delivery", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32644623, retrieved 2024-02-22
Agrawal P (March 2015). "Maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States of America". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 93 (3): 135. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.148627 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 4371496. PMID 25838608. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
Olds DL, Kitzman H, Knudtson MD, Anson E, Smith JA, Cole R (2014). "Effect of home visiting by nurses on maternal and child mortality: results of a 2-decade follow-up of a randomized clinical trial". JAMA Pediatrics. 168 (9): 800–806. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.472. ISSN 2168-6211. PMC 4235164. PMID 25003802.

npr.org

Martin N, Montagne R (May 12, 2017). "Focus On Infants During Childbirth Leaves U.S. Moms In Danger". Lost Mothers: Maternal Mortality in the U.S. ProPublica NPR. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Martin N, Montagne R (May 12, 2017). "U.S. Has The Worst Rate Of Maternal Deaths In The Developed World". Lost Mothers: Maternal Mortality in the U.S. ProPublica NPR. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Martin N, Montagne R (12 May 2017). "U.S. Has The Worst Rate Of Maternal Deaths In The Developed World". NPR.org. Retrieved 2019-04-25.

nyc.gov

www1.nyc.gov

"De Blasio Administration Launches Comprehensive Plan to Reduce Maternal Deaths and Life-Threatening Complications from Childbirth Among Women of Color". NYC. July 20, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018. Severe maternal morbidity is defined as life-threatening complications of childbirth; maternal mortality is defined as a death of a woman while pregnant or within one year of the termination of pregnancy due to any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management.

pew.org

"A Shortage in the Nation's Maternal Health Care". pew.org. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 2021-04-21.

propublica.org

Martin N (June 28, 2018). "U.S. Senate Committee Proposes $50 Million to Prevent Mothers Dying in Childbirth". Lost Mothers: Maternal Mortality in the U.S. ProPublica. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Martin N, Cillekens E, Freitas A (July 17, 2017). "Lost Mothers". ProPublica. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Fields R (November 15, 2017). "New York City Launches Committee to Review Maternal Deaths". ProPublica. Lost Mothers. Retrieved August 4, 2018. Nationally, such data is so unreliable and incomplete that the United States has not published official annual counts of fatalities or an official maternal mortality rate in a decade.
Womersley K (August 31, 2017). "Why Giving Birth Is Safer in Britain Than in the U.S." ProPublica. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Martin N, Montagne R (May 12, 2017). "The Last Person You'd Expect to Die in Childbirth". Lost Mothers: Maternal Mortality in the U.S. ProPublica. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Ellison K, Martin N (December 22, 2017). "Severe Complications for Women During Childbirth Are Skyrocketing — and Could Often Be Prevented". Lost mothers. ProPublica. Retrieved December 22, 2017.

reuters.com

"U.S. maternal mortality rate is twice that of Canada: U.N". Reuters. 2015-11-12. Retrieved 2017-08-02.

ruralhealthinfo.org

"Rural Maternal Health Overview - Rural Health Information Hub". www.ruralhealthinfo.org. Retrieved 2024-04-13.

sciencedirect.com

Hirshberg A (October 2017). "Epidemiology of maternal morbidity and mortality". Seminars in Perinatology. 41 (6): 332–337. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.007. PMID 28823579. Retrieved 10 November 2020.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Murray Horwitz ME, Molina RL, Snowden JM (November 2018). "Postpartum Care in the United States - New Policies for a New Paradigm". The New England Journal of Medicine. 379 (18): 1691–1693. doi:10.1056/nejmp1806516. PMID 30380385. S2CID 53172824.
Eliason EL (2020). "Adoption of Medicaid Expansion is Associated with Lower Maternal Mortality". Women's Health Issues. 30 (3): 147–152. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2020.01.005. PMID 32111417. S2CID 211564327.
Kapaya M, Boulet SL, Warner L, Harrison L, Fowler D (November 2019). "Intimate Partner Violence Before and During Pregnancy, and Prenatal Counseling Among Women with a Recent Live Birth, United States, 2009-2015". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (11): 1476–1486. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7545. ISSN 1931-843X. PMC 10936761. PMID 31460827. S2CID 201654382.
Bose T (2023). "Racism in health: the roots of the US Black maternal mortality crisis". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02540-6. PMID 37563471. S2CID 260806744. Retrieved August 10, 2023.

spotlightonpoverty.org

"Georgia". Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity. Retrieved 2024-01-21.

ukpmc.ac.uk

Atrash HK, Koonin LM, Lawson HW, Franks AL, Smith JC (December 1990). "Maternal mortality in the United States, 1979-1986". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 76 (6): 1055–60. PMID 2234713.

unc.edu

shepscenter.unc.edu

Greene SB, Holmes GM, Slifkin R, Freeman V, Howard HA (November 2004). "Cesarean Section Patterns in Rural Hospitals" (PDF). The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research. Retrieved October 30, 2022.

unesco.org

en.unesco.org

"UNESCO". UNESCO. Retrieved 2019-04-25.

unfpa.org

"Maternal health". United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved 2017-01-29.

washingtonpost.com

Morello C (May 2, 2014). "Maternal deaths in childbirth rise in the U.S." Washington Post.

web.archive.org

"Maternal Mortality in the United States in 2018". United Health Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
"Healthy Start". Mchb.hrsa.gov. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
Agrawal P (March 2015). "Maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States of America". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 93 (3): 135. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.148627 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 4371496. PMID 25838608. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)

who.int

"Maternal mortality". World Health Organization. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Agrawal P (March 2015). "Maternal mortality and morbidity in the United States of America". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 93 (3): 135. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.148627 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 4371496. PMID 25838608. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
Maternal mortality in 1990-2015 (PDF). World Health Organization (Report). Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015. Geneva: WHO. 2005. Retrieved August 4, 2018. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division

apps.who.int

Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division (PDF). World Health Organization (Report). Geneva. 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2018.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Deadly delivery : the maternal health care crisis in the USA. London, England: Amnesty International Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-0-86210-458-0. OCLC 694184792.
St Pierre A, Zaharatos J, Goodman D, Callaghan WM (January 2018). "Challenges and Opportunities in Identifying, Reviewing, and Preventing Maternal Deaths". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 131 (1): 138–142. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002417. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 6511983. PMID 29215526.
Yakubovich AR, Stöckl H, Murray J, Melendez-Torres GJ, Steinert JI, Glavin CE, Humphreys DK (July 2018). "Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Prospective-Longitudinal Studies". American Journal of Public Health. 108 (7): e1 – e11. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304428. ISSN 1541-0048. PMC 5993370. PMID 29771615.
Alhusen JL, Ray E, Sharps P, Bullock L (2015-01-01). "Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes". Journal of Women's Health. 24 (1): 100–106. doi:10.1089/jwh.2014.4872. ISSN 1540-9996. PMC 4361157. PMID 25265285.
Kapaya M, Boulet SL, Warner L, Harrison L, Fowler D (November 2019). "Intimate Partner Violence Before and During Pregnancy, and Prenatal Counseling Among Women with a Recent Live Birth, United States, 2009-2015". Journal of Women's Health. 28 (11): 1476–1486. doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7545. ISSN 1931-843X. PMC 10936761. PMID 31460827. S2CID 201654382.
Howell EA (June 2018). "Reducing Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 61 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000349. ISSN 0009-9201. PMC 5915910. PMID 29346121.
Petersen EE (2019). "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths — United States, 2007–2016". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (35): 762–765. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6835a3. ISSN 0149-2195. PMC 6730892. PMID 31487273.
Green TL, Zapata JY, Brown HW, Hagiwara N (May 2021). "Rethinking Bias to Achieve Maternal Health Equity". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 137 (5): 935–940. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004363. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 8055190. PMID 33831936.
Olds DL, Kitzman H, Knudtson MD, Anson E, Smith JA, Cole R (2014). "Effect of home visiting by nurses on maternal and child mortality: results of a 2-decade follow-up of a randomized clinical trial". JAMA Pediatrics. 168 (9): 800–806. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.472. ISSN 2168-6211. PMC 4235164. PMID 25003802.

yalemedicine.org

"Maternal Mortality Is on the Rise: 8 Things To Know". Yale Medicine. Retrieved 2024-01-21.