Mead (English Wikipedia)

"Making Mead: the Art and the Science" (PDF). Beer Judge Certification Program. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
Gordon Strong; Kristen England. "2015 Mead Guidelines" (PDF). Beer Judge Certification Program. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2016. A Pyment is a melomel made with grapes (generally from juice). Pyments can be red, white, or blush, just as with wine.

blogter.hu (Global: low place; English: low place)

pepin.blogter.hu

"History of beer in Hungary".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Beer is produced by the fermentation of grain, but the grain can be used in mead provided it is strained off immediately. As long as the primary substance fermented is still honey, the drink is still mead.Fitch, Ed (1990). The Rites of Odin (1st ed.). Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-87542-224-4.
Hops are better known as the bitter ingredient of beer. However, they have also been used in mead both ancient and in modern times. The Legend of Frithiof mentions hops: Mohnike, G.C.F. (September 1828 – January 1829). "Tegner's Legend of Frithiof". The Foreign Quarterly Review. III. London: Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun and Richter. He next ... bids ... Halfdan recollect ... that to produce mead hops must be mingled with the honey; That this formula is still in use is shown by the recipe for "Real Monastery Mead" in Molokhovets, Elena (1998). Classic Russian Cooking: Elena Molokhovets' A Gift to Young Housewives. Translated by Joyce Stetson. Indiana University Press. p. 474. ISBN 978-0-253-21210-8.
Gayre, Robert (1986). Brewing Mead. Brewers Publications. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-937381-00-7. ...Therefore to our synopsis: Mead is the general name for all drinks made of honey.
Hornsey, Ian (2003). A History of Beer and Brewing. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-85404-630-0. ...mead was known in Europe long before wine, although archaeological evidence of it is rather ambiguous. This is principally because the confirmed presence of beeswax or certain types of pollen ... is only indicative of the presence of honey (which could have been used for sweetening some other drink) – not necessarily of the production of mead.
Odinsson, Eoghan (2010). Northern Lore: A Field Guide to the Northern Mind-Body-Spirit. Eoghan Odinsson. pp. 159–160. ISBN 978-1-4528-5143-3.^{[self-published source]}
Foley, Ray (1 January 2006). The Best Irish Drinks: The Essential Collection of Cocktail Recipes and Toasts from the Emerald Isle. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4022-5014-9 – via Google Books.
Renfrow, Cindy (1995). A Sip Through Time. C. Renfrow. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-9628598-3-0. quote: "Metheglyn is made of honny and water, & herbes, boyled and sodden togyther..." Andrew Boorde, The Regyment, or a Dyetary of Helth, 1542.
Earnshaw, Steven (2000). The Pub in Literature: England's Altered State. Manchester University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7190-5305-4.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Mead | Definition, Production, & History | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 19 November 2022.

bumbleberryfarms.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Wigle Whiskey's Newest Spirit Distilled from Honey! - BumbleBerry Farms". www.bumbleberryfarms.com. 17 October 2013. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

castlesandmanorhouses.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Castle Life - Medieval Drinks". www.castlesandmanorhouses.com. Retrieved 27 June 2022.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

"Mead, the honey-based brew producing a real buzz". CBS News. 24 November 2013.

craftypint.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Something To Braggot About". The Crafty Pint. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Crane, Eva (January 1991). "Honey from honeybees and other insects". Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 3 (sup1): 100–105. Bibcode:1991EtEcE...3S.100C. doi:10.1080/03949370.1991.10721919.
Snir, Ainit (2015). "The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long before Neolithic Farming". PLOS ONE. 10 (7) e0131422. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031422S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131422. PMC 4511808. PMID 26200895.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J; Tang, J; Zhang, Z; Hall, G. R.; Moreau, R. A.; Nuñez, A; Butrym, E. D.; et al. (6 December 2004). "Fermented beverages of pre-and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (51): 17593–8. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
Kublickas, Rimantas (2016), "Midus: A Traditional Lithuanian Mead", in Kristbergsson, Kristberg; Oliveira, Jorge (eds.), Traditional Foods: General and Consumer Aspects, Integrating Food Science and Engineering Knowledge Into the Food Chain, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 339–343, doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7648-2_27, ISBN 978-1-4899-7648-2
"Indo-European languages, Indo-European studies". Encyclopedia of Early Modern History Online. doi:10.1163/2352-0272_emho_dum_021344.
Pratt, J. B. (July 1935). "Insights into Modern Hinduism. Hervey de Witt GriswoldĀdarsha Sādhu: An Ideal Monk. A. J. Sunavala". The Journal of Religion. 15 (3): 358. doi:10.1086/481664. ISSN 0022-4189.
Meier, Kristin; Peyrot, Michaël (2017). "The Word for 'Honey' in Chinese, Tocharian and Sino-Vietnamese". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 167 (1): 7–22. doi:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007. ISSN 0341-0137. JSTOR 10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007.
Pereira, Ana Paula; Mendes-Ferreira, Ana; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Mendes-Faia, Arlete (2015). "Improvement of mead fermentation by honey-must supplementation". Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 121 (3): 405–410. doi:10.1002/jib.239. hdl:10198/16120.
Iglesias, A; Pascoal, A; Choupina, A. B.; Carvalho, C. A.; Feás, X; Estevinho, L. M. (2014). "Developments in the fermentation process and quality improvement strategies for mead production". Molecules. 19 (8): 12577–90. doi:10.3390/molecules190812577. PMC 6271869. PMID 25153872.
Morata, Antonio; Loira, Iris, eds. (2016). "Chapter 19: The Trends and Prospects of Winemaking in Poland". Grape and Wine Biotechnology. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/64976. ISBN 978-953-51-2692-8.
La Barre, Weston (1938). "Native American Beers" (PDF). American Anthropologist. 40 (2): 224–234. doi:10.1525/aa.1938.40.2.02a00040. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

ejournals.ph (Global: low place; English: low place)

Demetrio, Feorillo Petronilo A. III (2012). "Colonization and Alcoholic Beverages of Early Visayans from Samar and Leyte". Malay. 25 (1): 1–18.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Saké" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
Shakespeare, William. Henry IV Part 1 (1917) Yale/Text/Act II – via Wikisource.

english-heritage.org.uk (Global: 3,412^th place; English: 2,058^th place)

"History's oldest alcoholic drink back on the menu".

englishrussia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Russian Honey Drink". English Russia. 30 March 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"Mead". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper. 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.

finland.fi (Global: 9,688^th place; English: low place)

Raiskila, Erja (26 April 2018). "Spring is sweet in Finland: funnel cakes, doughnuts and mead for May Day". thisisFINLAND. Retrieved 29 May 2024.

food.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gittleson, Kim (2 October 2013). "Sima - Finnish Mead". Retrieved 13 May 2026.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Bender, Andrew. "Top 10 Food Trends". Forbes. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Making Mead: the Art and the Science" (PDF). Beer Judge Certification Program. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
La Barre, Weston (1938). "Native American Beers" (PDF). American Anthropologist. 40 (2): 224–234. doi:10.1525/aa.1938.40.2.02a00040. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
Gordon Strong; Kristen England. "2015 Mead Guidelines" (PDF). Beer Judge Certification Program. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2016. A Pyment is a melomel made with grapes (generally from juice). Pyments can be red, white, or blush, just as with wine.

gotmead.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mead Lover's Digest #1117". 24 July 2004. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Pereira, Ana Paula; Mendes-Ferreira, Ana; Estevinho, Leticia M.; Mendes-Faia, Arlete (2015). "Improvement of mead fermentation by honey-must supplementation". Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 121 (3): 405–410. doi:10.1002/jib.239. hdl:10198/16120.

icm.edu.pl (Global: 1,395^th place; English: 4,083^rd place)

agro.icm.edu.pl

Synowiec, A.; Wzorek, W.; Baca, E. (23 January 2024). "Miody pitne - historia, regulacje prawne oraz technologia produkcji". Przemysł Fermentacyjny i Owocowo-Warzywny. 54 (54): 11–12.

inquirer.net (Global: 348^th place; English: 163^rd place)

lifestyle.inquirer.net

"A buzzy Filipino take on the world's oldest alcoholic beverage". Inquirer. 4 June 2026. Retrieved 4 June 2026.

intechopen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Morata, Antonio; Loira, Iris, eds. (2016). "Chapter 19: The Trends and Prospects of Winemaking in Poland". Grape and Wine Biotechnology. IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/64976. ISBN 978-953-51-2692-8.

irishexaminer.com (Global: 960^th place; English: 467^th place)

"Looking into the long history of mead". Irish Examiner. 23 January 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2020.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Meier, Kristin; Peyrot, Michaël (2017). "The Word for 'Honey' in Chinese, Tocharian and Sino-Vietnamese". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 167 (1): 7–22. doi:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007. ISSN 0341-0137. JSTOR 10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007.
Scott, William Henry (1990). "Sixteenth-Century Visayan Food and Farming". Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. 18 (4): 291–311. JSTOR 29792029.

lymebaywinery.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Five facts about mead".

mead-makers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mazer Cup Guidelines (commercial)". American MEad Makers Association. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Pyment: Honeywine made with grapes/grape juice/grape concentrate.

meadworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"World Mead Database". MeadWorld. Retrieved 30 November 2025.

medievalmeadandbeer.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Verberg, Susan (8 January 2018). "Braggot". medievalmeadandbeer.wordpress.com. Retrieved 25 November 2025.

midus.lt (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lietuviškas midus | Mead balsam". midus.lt. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

mindanaotimes.com.ph (Global: low place; English: low place)

Garcia, Ian Rav (28 February 2019). "Back in Maragusan". Mindanao Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Snir, Ainit (2015). "The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long before Neolithic Farming". PLOS ONE. 10 (7) e0131422. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031422S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131422. PMC 4511808. PMID 26200895.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J; Tang, J; Zhang, Z; Hall, G. R.; Moreau, R. A.; Nuñez, A; Butrym, E. D.; et al. (6 December 2004). "Fermented beverages of pre-and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (51): 17593–8. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
Iglesias, A; Pascoal, A; Choupina, A. B.; Carvalho, C. A.; Feás, X; Estevinho, L. M. (2014). "Developments in the fermentation process and quality improvement strategies for mead production". Molecules. 19 (8): 12577–90. doi:10.3390/molecules190812577. PMC 6271869. PMID 25153872.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Snir, Ainit (2015). "The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long before Neolithic Farming". PLOS ONE. 10 (7) e0131422. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1031422S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131422. PMC 4511808. PMID 26200895.
McGovern, P. E.; Zhang, J; Tang, J; Zhang, Z; Hall, G. R.; Moreau, R. A.; Nuñez, A; Butrym, E. D.; et al. (6 December 2004). "Fermented beverages of pre-and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (51): 17593–8. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
Iglesias, A; Pascoal, A; Choupina, A. B.; Carvalho, C. A.; Feás, X; Estevinho, L. M. (2014). "Developments in the fermentation process and quality improvement strategies for mead production". Molecules. 19 (8): 12577–90. doi:10.3390/molecules190812577. PMC 6271869. PMID 25153872.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

Fitzsimons, Tim (1 May 2011). "Medieval No More: Mead Enjoys A Renaissance". NPR. Retrieved 24 June 2024.

owlcation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Slainte! The Celtic Wassail – The Histories and Folklore of Mead and Honey in Celtic Lands". Owlcation. 20 January 2024.

penn.museum (Global: low place; English: 7,892^nd place)

"The Funerary Feast of King Midas @ the Penn Museum | Remains of a Feast". Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
"Prehistoric China - The Wonders That Were Jiahu The World's Earliest Fermented Beverage. Professor Patrick McGovern the Scientific Director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Project for Cuisine, Fermented Beverages, and Health at the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia". Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2017.

philstar.com (Global: 398^th place; English: 184^th place)

"First-MaArte Fair 2025 to have over 160 local artisans". Philstar. 15 July 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2025.

sacred-texts.com (Global: 1,277^th place; English: 997^th place)

"Book 5 v. 43:3–4". Rigveda.
"Book 8 v. 5:6". Rigveda.

sahumanities.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rusch, Neil (21 May 2020). "Controlled fermentation, honey, bees and alcohol: archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence from southern Africa". Southern African Humanities. 33: 1–31. ISSN 2305-2791.

saku.ee (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mead". Saku Brewery. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

samorini.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

La Barre, Weston (1938). "Native American Beers" (PDF). American Anthropologist. 40 (2): 224–234. doi:10.1525/aa.1938.40.2.02a00040. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2016.

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

"Why is mead making a comeback? The craft brewers in Hong Kong reviving ancient alcoholic beverage for the modern drinker". SCMP. 4 June 2026. Retrieved 4 June 2026.

smakizpolski.com.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Polska miodem stała". www.smakizpolski.com.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 31 May 2017.

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

"Mead leaves the dark ages behind". The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 January 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2024.

tatlerasia.com (Global: 6,186^th place; English: 3,947^th place)

"MaArte at The Pen 2025: the fair returns with deeper purpose and passion". Philstar. 22 July 2025. Retrieved 15 August 2025.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Tierney, John (21 October 2014). "Making Mead in a Space-Age World". The Atlantic. Retrieved 20 June 2017.

thebeat.asia (Global: low place; English: low place)

"First-Drinking Like a Viking: The Beat Asia Tries La Mesa Mead". The Beat Manila. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

depts.washington.edu

"Ceramic history". depts.washington.edu.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Funerary Feast of King Midas @ the Penn Museum | Remains of a Feast". Archived from the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
"Prehistoric China - The Wonders That Were Jiahu The World's Earliest Fermented Beverage. Professor Patrick McGovern the Scientific Director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Project for Cuisine, Fermented Beverages, and Health at the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia". Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
"Mead Lover's Digest #1117". 24 July 2004. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
"Wigle Whiskey's Newest Spirit Distilled from Honey! - BumbleBerry Farms". www.bumbleberryfarms.com. 17 October 2013. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
Bender, Andrew. "Top 10 Food Trends". Forbes. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011.
Garcia, Ian Rav (28 February 2019). "Back in Maragusan". Mindanao Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
"Mead". Saku Brewery. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
"Mazer Cup Guidelines (commercial)". American MEad Makers Association. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016. Pyment: Honeywine made with grapes/grape juice/grape concentrate.
Sack Archived 26 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine in the Oxford Companion to Wine

wellcomecollection.org (Global: low place; English: 6,367^th place)

Bent, Mary. Cookery Book. MS.1127 (wellcome collection). p. 92.

wheninmanila.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"First-Ever International Mead Day Celebration in the Philippines Takes Place This August". When In Manila. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

winepros.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sack Archived 26 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine in the Oxford Companion to Wine

wired.co.uk (Global: 3,046^th place; English: 2,125^th place)

Kobie, Nicole (8 August 2020). "The big rise in small beer is the beginning of the end for hangovers". Wired UK.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Lichine, Alexis (1987). Alexis Lichine's new encyclopedia of wines & spirits. Knopf. OCLC 1244230688.
Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne (2009). A history of food. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8119-8. OCLC 1020512534.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1983). From honey to ashes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-47489-5. OCLC 664396551.
Rusch, Neil (21 May 2020). "Controlled fermentation, honey, bees and alcohol: archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence from southern Africa". Southern African Humanities. 33: 1–31. ISSN 2305-2791.
Pratt, J. B. (July 1935). "Insights into Modern Hinduism. Hervey de Witt GriswoldĀdarsha Sādhu: An Ideal Monk. A. J. Sunavala". The Journal of Religion. 15 (3): 358. doi:10.1086/481664. ISSN 0022-4189.
Alcock, Joan P. (2006). Food in the ancient world. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-08314-2. OCLC 65429735.
Meier, Kristin; Peyrot, Michaël (2017). "The Word for 'Honey' in Chinese, Tocharian and Sino-Vietnamese". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 167 (1): 7–22. doi:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007. ISSN 0341-0137. JSTOR 10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.167.1.0007.

yourdictionary.com (Global: 6,318^th place; English: 6,517^th place)

"Mead dictionary definition | mead defined". www.yourdictionary.com.

Mead (English Wikipedia)

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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

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inquirer.net (Global: 348^th place; English: 163^rd place)

irishexaminer.com (Global: 960^th place; English: 467^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

penn.museum (Global: low place; English: 7,892^nd place)

philstar.com (Global: 398^th place; English: 184^th place)

sacred-texts.com (Global: 1,277^th place; English: 997^th place)

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

tatlerasia.com (Global: 6,186^th place; English: 3,947^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wellcomecollection.org (Global: low place; English: 6,367^th place)

wired.co.uk (Global: 3,046^th place; English: 2,125^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

yourdictionary.com (Global: 6,318^th place; English: 6,517^th place)