The technical definitions of this section rely heavily on Julien, Pierre Y. (2002). River Mechanics. Cambridge University press. pp. 179–184. ISBN0-521-52970-0. In addition concepts are utilized from Graf, Walter (1984). Hydraulics of Sediment Transport. Water Resources Publications. pp. 261–265. ISBN0-918334-56-X.
Martínez, Alberto A. (March 2014). "The questionable inventions of the clever Dr. Einstein: József Illy: The practical Einstein: Experiments, patents, inventions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012, xiv+202pp, $60.00 HB". Metascience. 23 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1007/s11016-013-9819-x. S2CID169290222.
D'Alessandro, Leandro; Miccadei, Enrico; Piacentini, Tommaso (November 2008). "Morphotectonic study of the lower Sangro River valley (Abruzzi, Central Italy)". Geomorphology. 102 (1): 145–158. Bibcode:2008Geomo.102..145D. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.019.
D'Alessandro, Leandro; Miccadei, Enrico; Piacentini, Tommaso (November 2008). "Morphotectonic study of the lower Sangro River valley (Abruzzi, Central Italy)". Geomorphology. 102 (1): 145–158. Bibcode:2008Geomo.102..145D. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.019.
Martínez, Alberto A. (March 2014). "The questionable inventions of the clever Dr. Einstein: József Illy: The practical Einstein: Experiments, patents, inventions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012, xiv+202pp, $60.00 HB". Metascience. 23 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1007/s11016-013-9819-x. S2CID169290222.
Shaw, Lewis C. (1984). Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams Part II. Bulletin No. 16. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Resources. p. 8. OCLC17150333.