Meenakshi Temple (English Wikipedia)

Rajarajan Archived 30 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, R.K.K. 2005. Minaksi or Sundaresvara: Who is the first principle? South Indian History Congress Annual Proceedings XXV, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, pp. 551-553.
Rajarajan, R.K.K. (1997). "Pañcapretāsanāsīnī-Sadāśivī". South Asian Studies. 8: 25–29. doi:10.1080/02666030.1997.9628522.
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2014). "Dancing Halls Five". Religions of South Asia. 8 (2). doi:10.1558/rosa.v8i2.197. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

archive.org

Gopal 1990, p. 181. Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
Proceedings of the First International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, April, 1966. International Association of Tamil Research. 1968. p. 543.
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Smith 1996, pp. 10–48. Smith, David (1996), The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India By David, United Kingdom: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, ISBN 978-0-521-48234-9.

archive.today

R.K.K. Rajarajan (2014). "Dancing Halls Five". Religions of South Asia. 8 (2). doi:10.1558/rosa.v8i2.197. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

books.google.com

Vijaya Ramaswamy (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 9–10, 103, 210, 363–364. ISBN 978-1-5381-0686-0.
National Geographic 2008, p. 155. National Geographic (2008), Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations, United States: National Geographic Society, ISBN 978-1-4262-0336-7.
King 2005, pp. 72–74. King, Anthony D. (2005), Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment, Taylor & Francis e-library, ISBN 978-0-203-48075-5.
Michell 1995, pp. 9-10 Michell, George (1995), Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and, Volume 1, Issue 6, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
Tara Boland-Crewe; David Lea (2003). The Territories and States of India. Routledge. p. 401. ISBN 978-1-135-35624-8., Quote: "By the beginning of the 14th century south India was exposed to the depredations of Muslim raiders from the north, and even Madurai was destroyed in 1310, by Malik Kafur, briefly becoming the seat of a sultanate thereafter."
Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-135-04631-6.
V. K. Subramanian (2003). Art Shrines of Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-81-7017-431-8.
Edwin Francis Bryant (2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. pp. 546 with note 45. ISBN 978-0-19-803400-1.
T. Padmaja (2002). Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu. Abhinav Publications. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-81-7017-398-4.
Diana L. Eck (2013). India: A Sacred Geography. Random House. pp. 277–279. ISBN 978-0-385-53192-4.
Rina Kamath (2000). Chennai. Orient Blackswan. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-81-250-1378-5.
Keith Bellows (2008). Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations. National Geographic Society. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-1-4262-0336-7.
William P. Harman (1992). The Sacred Marriage of a Hindu Goddess. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 24. ISBN 978-81-208-0810-2.
Manly Palmer Hall, ed. (1949). Horizon, Volume 9, Issue 3. Philosophical Research Society. p. 33.
Journal of Indian History. Department of History, University of Kerala. 2002. p. 96.
Brockman 2011, pp. 326–327. Brockman, Norbert C. (2011), Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC, ISBN 978-1-59884-655-3.
Susan Bayly (1989). Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900. Cambridge University Press. pp. 29–30. ISBN 978-0-521-89103-5.
P. V. Jagadisa Ayyar (1982). South Indian Shrines: Illustrated. Asian Educational Services. pp. 477–479. ISBN 978-81-206-0151-2.
Michell 1995, pp. 9-10, Quote: "The era under consideration opens with an unprecedented calamity for Southern India: the invasion of the region at the turn of the fourteenth century by Malik Kafur, general of Alauddin, Sultan of Delhi. Malik Kafur's forces brought to an abrupt end all of the indigenous ruling houses of Southern India, not one of which was able to withstand the assault or outlive the conquest. Virtually every city of importance in the Kannada, Telugu and Tamil lands succumbed to the raids of Malik Kafur and later Muslim invasions; forts were destroyed, palaces dismantled and temple sanctuaries wrecked in the search for treasure. In order to consolidate the rapidly won gains of this pillage, the Delhi Sultanate established the province of Ma'bar in 1323 with the capital at Madurai (Madura) in the southernmost part of the Tamil zone, former capital of the Pandyas who were dislodged by the Delhi forces. Madurai thereupon became the capital of the Ma'bar (Malabar) province of the Delhi empire." Michell, George (1995), Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and, Volume 1, Issue 6, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
J. Gordon Melton (2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 884. ISBN 978-1-61069-026-3.
Susan Bayly (1989). Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900. Cambridge University Press. pp. 109–110. ISBN 978-0-521-89103-5.
Carl W. Ernst (2004). Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center. Oxford University Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-19-566869-8.
Sarojini Chaturvedi (2006). A short history of South India. Saṁskṛiti. p. 209. ISBN 978-81-87374-37-4.
Abraham Eraly (2015). The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin Books. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-93-5118-658-8.
George Michell (1993). Temple Towns of Tamil Nadu. Marg Publications. pp. 4–8, 95–96. ISBN 978-81-85026-21-3.
William J. Jackson (2016). Vijayanagara Voices: Exploring South Indian History and Hindu Literature. Routledge. pp. 62–66. ISBN 978-1-317-00193-5.
Michell 1995, pp. 14, 78-81, 158 Michell, George (1995), Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and, Volume 1, Issue 6, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
King 2005, pp. 72–73. King, Anthony D. (2005), Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment, Taylor & Francis e-library, ISBN 978-0-203-48075-5.
King 2005, pp. 72–75. King, Anthony D. (2005), Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment, Taylor & Francis e-library, ISBN 978-0-203-48075-5.
Sabina Pavone (2014). Robert Maryks and Jonathan Wright (ed.). Jesuit Survival and Restoration: A Global History, 1773-1900. BRILL Academic. pp. 338–352 with footnotes 25. ISBN 978-90-04-28387-9.
Susan Bayly (1989). Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900. Cambridge University Press. pp. 391–394. ISBN 978-0-521-89103-5.
Milton Singer (1991). Semiotics of Cities, Selves, and Cultures: Explorations in Semiotic Anthropology. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-3-11-085775-7.
Hardgrave, Robert L. (2006). The Nadars of Tamilnad: The Political Culture of a Community in Change. Ajay Kumar Jain for Manohar Publishers & Distributours. pp. 99–155. ISBN 978-81-7304-701-5.
Selby & Peterson 2008, p. 149. Selby, Martha Ann; Peterson, Indira Viswanathan (2008), Tamil geographies: cultural constructions of space and place in South India, New York: State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-7245-3.
Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Taylor & Francis. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-1-135-04630-9.
Holly Baker Reynolds (1987). Bardwell L. Smith and Holly Baker Reynolds (ed.). The City As a Sacred Center: Essays on Six Asian Contexts. BRILL Academic. pp. 5–6, 12, 24–25, 34–37. ISBN 978-90-04-08471-1.
Pal 1988, p. 291. Pal, Pratapaditya (1988), Indian Sculpture, Volume 2, Los Angeles: Museum Associates, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, ISBN 978-0-87587-129-5.
Michell 1995, p. 241. Michell, George (1995), Architecture and art of southern India: Vijayanagara and, Volume 1, Issue 6, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
David Dean Shulman (2014). Tamil Temple Myths: Sacrifice and Divine Marriage in the South Indian Saiva Tradition. Princeton University Press. pp. 138–149. ISBN 978-1-4008-5692-3.
Jackie Menzies (2006). Goddess: divine energy. Art Gallery of New South Wales. p. 15. ISBN 9780734763969.
Alf Hiltebeitel; Kathleen M. Erndl (2000). Is the Goddess a Feminist?: The Politics of South Asian Goddesses. New York University Press. pp. 220–227. ISBN 978-0-8147-3619-7.
Holly Baker Reynolds (1987). Bardwell L. Smith and Holly Baker Reynolds (ed.). The City As a Sacred Center: Essays on Six Asian Contexts. BRILL Academic. pp. 34–37, context: 12–44. ISBN 978-90-04-08471-1.
Sara Dickey (2016). Living Class in Urban India. Rutgers University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8135-8394-5.
Bruno, Nettl (1998). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0824049462.

britannica.com

Madurai Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia Britannica, Quote: "The [Meenakshi] temple, Tirumala Nayak palace, Teppakulam tank (an earthen embankment reservoir), and a 1000-pillared hall were rebuilt in the Vijayanagar period (16th–17th century) after the total destruction of the city in 1310."
Sangam Literature Archived 28 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia Britannica

doi.org

Županov, Ines G. (1993). "Aristocratic Analogies and Demotic Descriptions in the Seventeenth-Century Madurai Mission". Representations. 41 (41): 123–148. doi:10.2307/2928680. JSTOR 2928680.
Lewandowski, Susan J. (1977). "Changing Form and Function in the Ceremonial and the Colonial Port City in India: An Historical Analysis of Madurai and Madras". Modern Asian Studies. 11 (2): 183–212. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00015080. ISSN 0026-749X. S2CID 145422778.
Rajarajan, R.K.K. (1997). "Pañcapretāsanāsīnī-Sadāśivī". South Asian Studies. 8: 25–29. doi:10.1080/02666030.1997.9628522.
Branfoot, Crispin (2008). "Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India". The Art Bulletin. 90 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389. JSTOR 20619601. S2CID 154135978.
R.K.K. Rajarajan (2014). "Dancing Halls Five". Religions of South Asia. 8 (2). doi:10.1558/rosa.v8i2.197. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

D. Uma 2015, pp. 19–23. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 36–37. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 39–40. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 34–47. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 19–32. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 48–53. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 16–17, 24–26. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 24–32. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 32–33. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 19–38. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 24–31. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 22–39. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 41–43. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 38–39. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 39–41. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 34–35. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484
D. Uma 2015, pp. 33–34. D. Uma (2015), Festivals of Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple, Madurai a historical and cultural perspective, Madurai Kamraj University, hdl:10603/135484

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Swaroop, Vishnu (7 November 2016). "Which Tamil Nadu temple is the state emblem?". The Times of India. Madurai: The Times Group. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
Navarathri celebrations: Meenakshi temple golu display steals the show Archived 11 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India (6 Oct 2016)

jstor.org

Županov, Ines G. (1993). "Aristocratic Analogies and Demotic Descriptions in the Seventeenth-Century Madurai Mission". Representations. 41 (41): 123–148. doi:10.2307/2928680. JSTOR 2928680.
C. J. Fuller (1980), South Indian Temple: Mīnākṣī and Sundareśvara at Madurai, History of Religions, Vol. 19, No. 4 (May, 1980), University of Chicago Press, pages 321-348
Branfoot, Crispin (2008). "Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India". The Art Bulletin. 90 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389. JSTOR 20619601. S2CID 154135978.

madrasmusings.com

Madhavan, Chitra (1–15 July 2011). "The artist who designed the State emblem". Madras Musings. XXI (6). Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2021.

maduraimeenakshi.org

Temple theertham 2012. "Temple theertham". Arulmigu Meenakshi Sundareswarar Thirukoil. 2012. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

nationalgeographic.com

"This Temple Is Covered in Thousands of Colorful Statues". National Geographic. 2 August 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lewandowski, Susan J. (1977). "Changing Form and Function in the Ceremonial and the Colonial Port City in India: An Historical Analysis of Madurai and Madras". Modern Asian Studies. 11 (2): 183–212. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00015080. ISSN 0026-749X. S2CID 145422778.
Branfoot, Crispin (2008). "Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India". The Art Bulletin. 90 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389. JSTOR 20619601. S2CID 154135978.

shaivam.org

"The Sacred Sports of Siva - Introduction". shaivam.org. Retrieved 2 June 2023.

thehindu.com

"Madurai's Meenakshi Temple named best 'Swachh Iconic Place' in India". Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Karthikeyan, D. (9 July 2013). "Reliving the historic temple entry". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
Crowds throng Madurai Meenakshi temple for 'golu' Archived 20 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindu (6 OCTOBER 2013)
Gods and gopurams in full glow Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindu (1 OCTOBER 2014)

tnhrce.in

maduraimeenakshi.tnhrce.in

Arulmigu Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Thirukkoil – Temple Towers Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Madurai Meenakshi Temple, Government of Tamil Nadu

tnhrce.org

"Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959". Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2021.

web.archive.org

"This Temple Is Covered in Thousands of Colorful Statues". National Geographic. 2 August 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
Rajarajan Archived 30 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, R.K.K. 2005. Minaksi or Sundaresvara: Who is the first principle? South Indian History Congress Annual Proceedings XXV, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, pp. 551-553.
Swaroop, Vishnu (7 November 2016). "Which Tamil Nadu temple is the state emblem?". The Times of India. Madurai: The Times Group. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
Madhavan, Chitra (1–15 July 2011). "The artist who designed the State emblem". Madras Musings. XXI (6). Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
Madurai Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia Britannica, Quote: "The [Meenakshi] temple, Tirumala Nayak palace, Teppakulam tank (an earthen embankment reservoir), and a 1000-pillared hall were rebuilt in the Vijayanagar period (16th–17th century) after the total destruction of the city in 1310."
"Madurai's Meenakshi Temple named best 'Swachh Iconic Place' in India". Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
Sangam Literature Archived 28 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia Britannica
Karthikeyan, D. (9 July 2013). "Reliving the historic temple entry". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
"Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959". Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
Arulmigu Meenakshi Sundareshwarar Thirukkoil – Temple Towers Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Madurai Meenakshi Temple, Government of Tamil Nadu
Temple theertham 2012. "Temple theertham". Arulmigu Meenakshi Sundareswarar Thirukoil. 2012. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
Navarathri celebrations: Meenakshi temple golu display steals the show Archived 11 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Times of India (6 Oct 2016)
Crowds throng Madurai Meenakshi temple for 'golu' Archived 20 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindu (6 OCTOBER 2013)
Gods and gopurams in full glow Archived 1 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindu (1 OCTOBER 2014)

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Lewandowski, Susan J. (1977). "Changing Form and Function in the Ceremonial and the Colonial Port City in India: An Historical Analysis of Madurai and Madras". Modern Asian Studies. 11 (2): 183–212. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00015080. ISSN 0026-749X. S2CID 145422778.
Karthikeyan, D. (9 July 2013). "Reliving the historic temple entry". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.