Merv (English Wikipedia)

Tertius Chandler (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census, Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 0-88946-207-0. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of Chandler's estimates are summarized or modified at The Institute for Research on World-Systems Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine; Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History Archived 14 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine; or "The Etext Archives" Archived 2008-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. Chandler defined a city as a continuously built-up area (urban) with suburbs but without farmland inside the municipality.

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Keresztély, Kata (14 December 2018). Fiction Painting : a Medieval Arabic Tradition. p. 351. doi:10.4000/APPAREIL.896.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Feuerbach, Ann (2006). "Crucible damascus steel: A fascination for almost 2,000 years". JOM. 58 (5): 48–50. Bibcode:2006JOM....58e..48F. doi:10.1007/s11837-006-0023-y. S2CID 136714557.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Alāʼ al-Dīn ʻAṭā Malik Juvaynī, History of the World Conqueror, translated by J. A. Boyle, pp.163–64 (Harvard University Press. 1968).
John Andrew Boyle (1968). "Dynastic and Political History of the Il-Khans". Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. V, Ch. 4, p. 313.

asthabharati.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ancient Merv- the Queen of the W". Asthabharati.org. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Yakubovskii, A.Yu.; Bosworth, C.E. (2007). Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (ed.). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Brill. p. 401. ISBN 978-9004153882. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020. Merv, the conventional form of the Arabic Marw or Marw al-Shāhijān, an ancient city of the northeastern part of the Iranian world, in medieval Islamic times, in the province of Khurasan. The site of Merv now lies over the border from the Islamic Republic of Iran and within the Turkmen Republic, near the modern town of what was in Soviet times Mary. The form of the name Marw al-Shāhijān clearly related to the city's position in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times as the seat of the representatives of royal authority, the marzbāns of the East, and its role as a bastion of this part of the Iranian world as a bastion against barbarian pressure from the inner Asian steppes.
Marcianus (of Heraclea); Artemidorus (Daldianus) (1839). "Isidoros of Charax, Parthian Stations, p.254 - GR". Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic review. Vol. 5–7. Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University. 1999. p. 89. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843–1261. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1997. pp. 428–429. ISBN 978-0-87099-777-8.
Noelle-Karimi, Christine (2014). The Pearl in Its Midst: Herat and the Mapping of Khurasan (15th–19th Centuries). Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 267–272. ISBN 978-3-7001-7202-4.

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

Bregel, Yuri (27 June 2003). An Historical Atlas of Central Asia. Brill. ISBN 978-90-474-0121-6.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Sourdel, Dominique. "Al-Maʾmūn, Abbāsid caliph". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021. Al-Maʾmūn, having become caliph of the entire ʿAbbāsid empire, decided to continue to reside at Merv, assisted by his faithful Iranian vizier al-Faḍl.

demoscope.ru (Global: 435^th place; English: 1,435^th place)

Population census 1989 Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine, Demoscope Weekly, No. 359-360, 1–18 January 2009 (search for Туркменская ССР) (in Russian)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Williams, Tim; Campbell, Katie; Jorayev, Gaygysyz; Wordsworth, Paul; Jepbarov, Rejep; Moriset, Sébastien (5 December 2018). "Semi-fortified Palatial Complexes in Central Asia: New Work at the Great Kyz Kala, Merv, Turkmenistan". Archaeology International. 21 (1): 154. doi:10.5334/ai-395.
Keresztély, Kata (14 December 2018). Fiction Painting : a Medieval Arabic Tradition. p. 351. doi:10.4000/APPAREIL.896.
Feuerbach, Ann (2006). "Crucible damascus steel: A fascination for almost 2,000 years". JOM. 58 (5): 48–50. Bibcode:2006JOM....58e..48F. doi:10.1007/s11837-006-0023-y. S2CID 136714557.

etext.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tertius Chandler (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census, Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 0-88946-207-0. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of Chandler's estimates are summarized or modified at The Institute for Research on World-Systems Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine; Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History Archived 14 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine; or "The Etext Archives" Archived 2008-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. Chandler defined a city as a continuously built-up area (urban) with suburbs but without farmland inside the municipality.

imamreza.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Why was Imam al-Reza (A.S.) Invited to Khurasan?". Imam Reza Network. Retrieved 3 July 2021.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Gye, David; Hillenbrand, Robert (2001). "Mausolea at Merv and Dehistan". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies. 39 5. JSTOR 4300597. Archived 22 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine

medeniyet.gov.tm (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Buddhizm of Ancient Merv". 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Wood, William Arthur (1998). The Sariq Turkmens of Merv and the Khanate of Khiva in the early nineteenth century (Thesis). ProQuest 304448359.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Feuerbach, Ann (2006). "Crucible damascus steel: A fascination for almost 2,000 years". JOM. 58 (5): 48–50. Bibcode:2006JOM....58e..48F. doi:10.1007/s11837-006-0023-y. S2CID 136714557.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Tharoor, Kanishk (12 August 2016). "Lost cities #5: how the magnificent city of Merv was razed – and never recovered". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
Tharoor, Kanishk (12 August 2016). "Lost cities #5: how the magnificent city of Merv was razed – and never recovered". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

topostext.org (Global: 2,055^th place; English: 1,122^nd place)

"Isidoros of Charax, Parthian Stations, 14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.

tourstoturkmenistan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Anur Tour Uzbekistan. "Merv, Ruins in Merv, Sights of Turkmenistan, Tours to Turkmenistan". Tourstoturkmenistan.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

turkmenistan.gov.tm (Global: 7,327^th place; English: 8,503^rd place)

"golden age". Government of Turkmenistan. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

"Ancient Merv Project". University College London. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
"Ancient Merv Project". University College London. 22 January 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
"Merv". University College London. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.

ucr.edu (Global: 1,400^th place; English: 754^th place)

irows.ucr.edu

Tertius Chandler (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census, Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 0-88946-207-0. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of Chandler's estimates are summarized or modified at The Institute for Research on World-Systems Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine; Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History Archived 14 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine; or "The Etext Archives" Archived 2008-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. Chandler defined a city as a continuously built-up area (urban) with suburbs but without farmland inside the municipality.

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

whc.unesco.org

"State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv"". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
"State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv'". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 February 2006. Archived from the original on 27 February 2006. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

visitworldheritage.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ancient Merv State Historical and Cultural Park". Visit World Heritage. Retrieved 1 November 2025.

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

faculty.washington.edu

George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 0-9676230-1-4. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of former estimates can be read at Evolutionary World Politics Homepage Archived 2008-12-28 at the Wayback Machine.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Yakubovskii, A.Yu.; Bosworth, C.E. (2007). Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (ed.). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Brill. p. 401. ISBN 978-9004153882. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020. Merv, the conventional form of the Arabic Marw or Marw al-Shāhijān, an ancient city of the northeastern part of the Iranian world, in medieval Islamic times, in the province of Khurasan. The site of Merv now lies over the border from the Islamic Republic of Iran and within the Turkmen Republic, near the modern town of what was in Soviet times Mary. The form of the name Marw al-Shāhijān clearly related to the city's position in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times as the seat of the representatives of royal authority, the marzbāns of the East, and its role as a bastion of this part of the Iranian world as a bastion against barbarian pressure from the inner Asian steppes.
Sourdel, Dominique. "Al-Maʾmūn, Abbāsid caliph". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021. Al-Maʾmūn, having become caliph of the entire ʿAbbāsid empire, decided to continue to reside at Merv, assisted by his faithful Iranian vizier al-Faḍl.
Tharoor, Kanishk (12 August 2016). "Lost cities #5: how the magnificent city of Merv was razed – and never recovered". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
"State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv"". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
"Isidoros of Charax, Parthian Stations, 14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
Marcianus (of Heraclea); Artemidorus (Daldianus) (1839). "Isidoros of Charax, Parthian Stations, p.254 - GR". Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
Anur Tour Uzbekistan. "Merv, Ruins in Merv, Sights of Turkmenistan, Tours to Turkmenistan". Tourstoturkmenistan.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
"The Buddhizm of Ancient Merv". 12 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic review. Vol. 5–7. Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University. 1999. p. 89. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
Gye, David; Hillenbrand, Robert (2001). "Mausolea at Merv and Dehistan". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies. 39 5. JSTOR 4300597. Archived 22 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 0-9676230-1-4. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of former estimates can be read at Evolutionary World Politics Homepage Archived 2008-12-28 at the Wayback Machine.
Tertius Chandler (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census, Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 0-88946-207-0. Figures in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of Chandler's estimates are summarized or modified at The Institute for Research on World-Systems Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine; Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History Archived 14 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine; or "The Etext Archives" Archived 2008-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. Chandler defined a city as a continuously built-up area (urban) with suburbs but without farmland inside the municipality.
Tharoor, Kanishk (12 August 2016). "Lost cities #5: how the magnificent city of Merv was razed – and never recovered". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
"Ancient Merv Project". University College London. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
"Ancient Merv Project". University College London. 22 January 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
"golden age". Government of Turkmenistan. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
"Merv". University College London. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
"State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv'". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 February 2006. Archived from the original on 27 February 2006. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
Population census 1989 Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine, Demoscope Weekly, No. 359-360, 1–18 January 2009 (search for Туркменская ССР) (in Russian)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Tharoor, Kanishk (12 August 2016). "Lost cities #5: how the magnificent city of Merv was razed – and never recovered". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

Merv (English Wikipedia)

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