Mescaline (English Wikipedia)

Vamvakopoulou IA, Narine KA, Campbell I, Dyck JR, Nutt DJ (January 2023). "Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic". Neuropharmacology. 222: 109294. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109294. PMID 36252614.
Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Pereira CL, da Silva DD (2019). "Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions". Curr Mol Pharmacol. 12 (3): 184–194. doi:10.2174/1874467211666181010154139. PMC 6864602. PMID 30318013.
Cassels BK, Sáez-Briones P (October 2018). "Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Mescaline". ACS Chem Neurosci. 9 (10): 2448–2458. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00215. PMID 29847089.
Doesburg-van Kleffens M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Gründemann C (December 2023). "An Overview on the Hallucinogenic Peyote and Its Alkaloid Mescaline: The Importance of Context, Ceremony and Culture". Molecules. 28 (24): 7942. doi:10.3390/molecules28247942. PMC 10746114. PMID 38138432.
Holze F, Singh N, Liechti ME, D'Souza DC (May 2024). "Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile". Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 9 (5): 472–489. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007. PMID 38301886.
Ley L, Holze F, Arikci D, Becker AM, Straumann I, Klaiber A, et al. (October 2023). "Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants". Neuropsychopharmacology. 48 (11): 1659–1667. doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01607-2. PMC 10517157. PMID 37231080.
Ogunbodede O, McCombs D, Trout K, Daley P, Terry M (September 2010). "New mescaline concentrations from 14 taxa/cultivars of Echinopsis spp. (Cactaceae) ("San Pedro") and their relevance to shamanic practice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 131 (2). Elsevier BV: 356–362. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.021. PMID 20637277.
Klein MT, Kalam M, Trout K, Fowler N, Terry M (2015). "Mescaline Concentrations in Three Principal Tissues of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae): Implications for Sustainable Harvesting Practices". Haseltonia. 131 (2). Elsevier BV: 34–42. doi:10.2985/026.020.0107. S2CID 32474292.
Ogunbodede O, McCombs D, Trout K, Daley P, Terry M (September 2010). "New mescaline concentrations from 14 taxa/cultivars of Echinopsis spp. (Cactaceae) ("San Pedro") and their relevance to shamanic practice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 131 (2): 356–362. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.021. PMID 20637277.
Van Der Sypt F (3 April 2022). "Validation and exploratory application of a simple, rapid and economical procedure (MESQ) for the quantification of mescaline in fresh cactus tissue and aqueous cactus extracts". PhytoChem & BioSub Journal. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6409376.
El-Seedi HR, De Smet PA, Beck O, Possnert G, Bruhn JG (October 2005). "Prehistoric peyote use: alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 101 (1–3): 238–242. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.022. PMID 15990261.
Socha DM, Sykutera M, Orefici G (1 December 2022). "Use of psychoactive and stimulant plants on the south coast of Peru from the Early Intermediate to Late Intermediate Period". Journal of Archaeological Science. 148: 105688. Bibcode:2022JArSc.148j5688S. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105688. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 252954052.
Bussmann RW, Sharon D (November 2006). "Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2: 47. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-47. PMC 1637095. PMID 17090303.
Armijos C, Cota I, González S (February 2014). "Traditional medicine applied by the Saraguro yachakkuna: a preliminary approach to the use of sacred and psychoactive plant species in the southern region of Ecuador". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 10: 26. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-26. PMC 3975971. PMID 24565054.
Samorini G (1 June 2019). "The oldest archeological data evidencing the relationship of Homo sapiens with psychoactive plants: A worldwide overview". Journal of Psychedelic Studies. 3 (2): 63–80. doi:10.1556/2054.2019.008. S2CID 135116632.
Uthaug MV, Davis AK, Haas TF, Davis D, Dolan SB, Lancelotta R, et al. (March 2022). "The epidemiology of mescaline use: Pattern of use, motivations for consumption, and perceived consequences, benefits, and acute and enduring subjective effects". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 36 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1177/02698811211013583. PMC 8902264. PMID 33949246.
Späth E (February 1919). "Über dieAnhalonium-Alkaloide I. Anhalin und Mezcalin". Monatshefte für Chemie und Verwandte Teile Anderer Wissenschaften (in German). 40 (2): 129–154. doi:10.1007/BF01524590. ISSN 0343-7329. S2CID 104408477.
Agin-Liebes G, Haas TF, Lancelotta R, Uthaug MV, Ramaekers JG, Davis AK (April 2021). "Naturalistic Use of Mescaline Is Associated with Self-Reported Psychiatric Improvements and Enduring Positive Life Changes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4 (2): 543–552. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00018. PMC 8033766. PMID 33860184.
Agin-Liebes G, Haas TF, Lancelotta R, Uthaug MV, Ramaekers JG, Davis AK (April 2021). "Naturalistic Use of Mescaline Is Associated with Self-Reported Psychiatric Improvements and Enduring Positive Life Changes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4 (2): 543–552. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00018. PMC 8033766. PMID 33860184.
Bender E (September 2022). "Finding medical value in mescaline". Nature. 609 (7929): S90 – S91. Bibcode:2022Natur.609S..90B. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-02873-8. PMID 36171368. S2CID 252548055.
Kovacic P, Somanathan R (1 January 2009). "Novel, unifying mechanism for mescaline in the central nervous system: electrochemistry, catechol redox metabolite, receptor, cell signaling and structure activity relationships". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2 (4): 181–190. doi:10.4161/oxim.2.4.9380. PMC 2763256. PMID 20716904.
Bohn A, Kiggen MH, Uthaug MV, van Oorsouw KI, Ramaekers JG, van Schie HT (5 December 2022). "Altered States of Consciousness During Ceremonial San Pedro Use". The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 33 (4): 309–331. doi:10.1080/10508619.2022.2139502. hdl:2066/285968. ISSN 1050-8619.
Kulma A, Szopa J (March 2007). "Catecholamies are active compounds in plants". Plant Science. 172 (3): 433–440. Bibcode:2007PlnSc.172..433K. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.10.013.
Rosengarten H, Friedhoff AJ (1976). "A review of recent studies of the biosynthesis and excretion of hallucinogens formed by methylation of neurotransmitters or related substances". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2 (1): 90–105. doi:10.1093/schbul/2.1.90. PMID 779022.
Slotta KH, Heller H (1930). "Über β-Phenyl-äthylamine, I. Mitteil.: Mezcalin und mezcalin-ähnliche Substanzen". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 63 (11): 3029–3044. doi:10.1002/cber.19300631117.
Kindler K, Peschke W (1932). "Über neue und über verbesserte Wege zum Aufbau von pharmakologisch wichtigen Aminen VI. Über Synthesen des Meskalins". Archiv der Pharmazie. 270 (7): 410–413. doi:10.1002/ardp.19322700709. S2CID 93188741.
Benington F, Morin R (1951). "An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 73 (3): 1353. Bibcode:1951JAChS..73Q1353B. doi:10.1021/ja01147a505.
Hahn G, Rumpf F (1938). "Über β-[Oxy-phenyl]-äthylamine und ihre Umwandlungen, V. Mitteil.: Kondensation von Oxyphenyl-äthylaminen mit α-Ketonsäuren". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 71 (10): 2141–2153. doi:10.1002/cber.19380711022.
Toshitaka O, Hiroaka A (1992). "Synthesis of Phenethylamine Derivatives as Hallucinogen" (PDF). Japanese Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 38 (6): 571–580. doi:10.1248/jhs1956.38.571. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
Ramirez F, Erne M (1950). "Über die Reduktion von β-Nitrostyrolen mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 33 (4): 912–916. doi:10.1002/hlca.19500330420.
Szyszka G, Slotta KH (1933). "Über β-Phenyl-äthylamine.III. Mitteilung: Neue Darstellung von Mescalin". Journal für Praktische Chemie. 137 (9–12): 339–350. doi:10.1002/prac.19331370907.
Burger A, Ramirez FA (1950). "The Reduction of Phenolic β-Nitrostyrenes by Lithium Aluminum Hydride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (6): 2781–2782. Bibcode:1950JAChS..72.2781R. doi:10.1021/ja01162a521.
Hahn G, Wassmuth H (1934). "Über β-[Oxyphenyl]-äthylamine und ihre Umwandlungen, I. Mitteil.: Synthese des Mezcalins". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 67 (4): 696–708. doi:10.1002/cber.19340670430.
Makepeace T (1951). "A New Synthesis of Mescaline". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 71 (11): 5495–5496. Bibcode:1951JAChS..73.5495T. doi:10.1021/ja01155a562.
Dornow A, Petsch G (1952). "Über die Darstellung des Oxymezcalins und Mezcalins 2. Mitteilung". Archiv der Pharmazie. 285 (7): 323–326. doi:10.1002/ardp.19522850704. S2CID 97553172.
Banholzer K, Campbell TW, Schmid H (1952). "Notiz über eine neue Synthese von Mezcalin, N-Methyl- und N-Dimethylmezcalin". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 35 (5): 1577–1581. doi:10.1002/hlca.19520350519.
Ray TS (February 2010). "Psychedelics and the human receptorome". PLOS ONE. 5 (2): e9019. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9019R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009019. PMC 2814854. PMID 20126400.
Rickli A, Luethi D, Reinisch J, Buchy D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (December 2015). "Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs)" (PDF). Neuropharmacology. 99: 546–553. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.034. PMID 26318099.
Rickli A, Moning OD, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (August 2016). "Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens" (PDF). European Neuropsychopharmacology. 26 (8): 1327–1337. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001. PMID 27216487. S2CID 6685927.
Gainetdinov RR, Hoener MC, Berry MD (July 2018). "Trace Amines and Their Receptors". Pharmacol Rev. 70 (3): 549–620. doi:10.1124/pr.117.015305. PMID 29941461.
Simmler LD, Buchy D, Chaboz S, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (April 2016). "In Vitro Characterization of Psychoactive Substances at Rat, Mouse, and Human Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1". J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 357 (1): 134–144. doi:10.1124/jpet.115.229765. PMID 26791601.
Nichols DE (February 2004). "Hallucinogens". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 101 (2): 131–181. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002. PMID 14761703.
Appel JB, Callahan PM (January 1989). "Involvement of 5-HT receptor subtypes in the discriminative stimulus properties of mescaline". European Journal of Pharmacology. 159 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(89)90041-1. PMID 2707301.
Monte AP, Waldman SR, Marona-Lewicka D, Wainscott DB, Nelson DL, Sanders-Bush E, et al. (September 1997). "Dihydrobenzofuran analogues of hallucinogens. 4. Mescaline derivatives". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 40 (19): 2997–3008. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.9370. doi:10.1021/jm970219x. PMID 9301661.
Klaiber A, Schmid Y, Becker AM, Straumann I, Erne L, Jelusic A, et al. (September 2024). "Acute dose-dependent effects of mescaline in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects". Translational Psychiatry. 14 (1): 395. doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03116-2. PMC 11442856. PMID 39349427.
Béïque JC, Imad M, Mladenovic L, Gingrich JA, Andrade R (June 2007). "Mechanism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor-mediated facilitation of synaptic activity in prefrontal cortex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (23): 9870–9875. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.9870B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0700436104. PMC 1887564. PMID 17535909.
Freedman DX, Gottlieb R, Lovell RA (1970). "Psychotomimetic drugs and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism". Biochemical Pharmacology. 19. Elsevier BV: 1181–1188. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(70)90378-3. ISSN 0006-2952.
Trulson ME, Crisp T, Henderson LJ (December 1983). "Mescaline elicits behavioral effects in cats by an action at both serotonin and dopamine receptors". Eur J Pharmacol. 96 (1–2): 151–154. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(83)90544-7. PMID 6581976.
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Bohn A, Kiggen MH, Uthaug MV, van Oorsouw KI, Ramaekers JG, van Schie HT (5 December 2022). "Altered States of Consciousness During Ceremonial San Pedro Use". The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 33 (4): 309–331. doi:10.1080/10508619.2022.2139502. hdl:2066/285968. ISSN 1050-8619.

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Socha DM, Sykutera M, Orefici G (1 December 2022). "Use of psychoactive and stimulant plants on the south coast of Peru from the Early Intermediate to Late Intermediate Period". Journal of Archaeological Science. 148: 105688. Bibcode:2022JArSc.148j5688S. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105688. ISSN 0305-4403. S2CID 252954052.
Bender E (September 2022). "Finding medical value in mescaline". Nature. 609 (7929): S90 – S91. Bibcode:2022Natur.609S..90B. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-02873-8. PMID 36171368. S2CID 252548055.
Kulma A, Szopa J (March 2007). "Catecholamies are active compounds in plants". Plant Science. 172 (3): 433–440. Bibcode:2007PlnSc.172..433K. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.10.013.
Benington F, Morin R (1951). "An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 73 (3): 1353. Bibcode:1951JAChS..73Q1353B. doi:10.1021/ja01147a505.
Burger A, Ramirez FA (1950). "The Reduction of Phenolic β-Nitrostyrenes by Lithium Aluminum Hydride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (6): 2781–2782. Bibcode:1950JAChS..72.2781R. doi:10.1021/ja01162a521.
Makepeace T (1951). "A New Synthesis of Mescaline". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 71 (11): 5495–5496. Bibcode:1951JAChS..73.5495T. doi:10.1021/ja01155a562.
Ray TS (February 2010). "Psychedelics and the human receptorome". PLOS ONE. 5 (2): e9019. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9019R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009019. PMC 2814854. PMID 20126400.
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Vamvakopoulou IA, Narine KA, Campbell I, Dyck JR, Nutt DJ (January 2023). "Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic". Neuropharmacology. 222: 109294. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109294. PMID 36252614.
Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Pereira CL, da Silva DD (2019). "Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions". Curr Mol Pharmacol. 12 (3): 184–194. doi:10.2174/1874467211666181010154139. PMC 6864602. PMID 30318013.
Cassels BK, Sáez-Briones P (October 2018). "Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Mescaline". ACS Chem Neurosci. 9 (10): 2448–2458. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00215. PMID 29847089.
Doesburg-van Kleffens M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Gründemann C (December 2023). "An Overview on the Hallucinogenic Peyote and Its Alkaloid Mescaline: The Importance of Context, Ceremony and Culture". Molecules. 28 (24): 7942. doi:10.3390/molecules28247942. PMC 10746114. PMID 38138432.
Holze F, Singh N, Liechti ME, D'Souza DC (May 2024). "Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile". Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 9 (5): 472–489. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007. PMID 38301886.
Ley L, Holze F, Arikci D, Becker AM, Straumann I, Klaiber A, et al. (October 2023). "Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants". Neuropsychopharmacology. 48 (11): 1659–1667. doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01607-2. PMC 10517157. PMID 37231080.
Ogunbodede O, McCombs D, Trout K, Daley P, Terry M (September 2010). "New mescaline concentrations from 14 taxa/cultivars of Echinopsis spp. (Cactaceae) ("San Pedro") and their relevance to shamanic practice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 131 (2). Elsevier BV: 356–362. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.021. PMID 20637277.
Ogunbodede O, McCombs D, Trout K, Daley P, Terry M (September 2010). "New mescaline concentrations from 14 taxa/cultivars of Echinopsis spp. (Cactaceae) ("San Pedro") and their relevance to shamanic practice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 131 (2): 356–362. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.021. PMID 20637277.
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El-Seedi HR, De Smet PA, Beck O, Possnert G, Bruhn JG (October 2005). "Prehistoric peyote use: alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 101 (1–3): 238–242. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.022. PMID 15990261.
Bussmann RW, Sharon D (November 2006). "Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2: 47. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-47. PMC 1637095. PMID 17090303.
Armijos C, Cota I, González S (February 2014). "Traditional medicine applied by the Saraguro yachakkuna: a preliminary approach to the use of sacred and psychoactive plant species in the southern region of Ecuador". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 10: 26. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-26. PMC 3975971. PMID 24565054.
Uthaug MV, Davis AK, Haas TF, Davis D, Dolan SB, Lancelotta R, et al. (March 2022). "The epidemiology of mescaline use: Pattern of use, motivations for consumption, and perceived consequences, benefits, and acute and enduring subjective effects". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 36 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1177/02698811211013583. PMC 8902264. PMID 33949246.
Agin-Liebes G, Haas TF, Lancelotta R, Uthaug MV, Ramaekers JG, Davis AK (April 2021). "Naturalistic Use of Mescaline Is Associated with Self-Reported Psychiatric Improvements and Enduring Positive Life Changes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science. 4 (2): 543–552. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.1c00018. PMC 8033766. PMID 33860184.
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