Messier 108 (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Messier 108" in English language version.

Last modified: 01:19:25, 18 June 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

1510adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

116arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

105doi.org

2^nd place

81caltech.edu

240^th place

473^rd place

74semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

65wis-tns.org

low place

9,612^th place

31oup.com

292^nd place

233^rd place

22eps.harvard.edu

3,622^nd place

4,057^th place

21messier-objects.com

low place

11seds.org

942^nd place

5,625^th place

11nasa.gov

12^th place

73^rd place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Using an assumed distance of 7.1 Megaparsec to Messier 108, based on a 1986 study.
This is the angular size of the feature as it appears on the sky. The physical size depends on the distance to Messier 108, which is more difficult to measure. At the time of the study that discovered this feature (in 2003),^[9] the accepted distance to Messier 108 was based on a 1988 work, which gave a value of 14.1 Megaparsec (Mpc). This has been substantially revised down to 8.8 Mpc in a 2014 study.^[3] At 14.1 Mpc, an angular size of 2.6 arcminutes would correspond to a physical size of $2.6/60\cdot \pi /180\cdot 14100=10.7$ kpc, or roughly 10 kiloparsec (kpc), which is the value given in the 2003 study. Using the more recent distance estimate, this would be $2.6/60\cdot \pi /180\cdot 8800=6.7$ kpc. Compare the list of distance measurements in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database.^[2]
Tully, R. B.; Fisher, J. R. (1977). "A new method of determining distances to galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 54 (3): 661–673. Bibcode:1977A&A....54..661T.
Wang, Q. Daniel; et al. (2003). "Chandra Observation of the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 3556 (M 108): Violent Galactic Disk-halo Interaction Revealed". The Astrophysical Journal. 598 (2): 969–981. arXiv:astro-ph/0308150. Bibcode:2003ApJ...598..969W. doi:10.1086/379010. S2CID 49349099.
Rhode, Katherine L.; et al. (2007). "Global Properties of the Globular Cluster Systems of Four Spiral Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 134 (4): 1403–1418. arXiv:0708.1166. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.1403R. doi:10.1086/521397. S2CID 15834447.
Gopal-Krishna; Irwin, Judith A. (2000). "Radio jet-blown neutral hydrogen supershells in spiral galaxies?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 361: 888–894. arXiv:astro-ph/0008251. Bibcode:2000A&A...361..888G.
Satyapal, S.; et al. (2008). "Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in Seven Late-Type Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 677 (2): 926–942. arXiv:0801.2759. Bibcode:2008ApJ...677..926S. doi:10.1086/529014. S2CID 16050838.
Jencson, Jacob E.; et al. (2018). "SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (1): 20. arXiv:1803.00574. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863...20J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b. hdl:10150/631110. S2CID 56398022.
Perley, D. A.; Qin, Y.; Sharma, Y.; Sollerman, J.; Hinds, K.; Wise, J.; Schulze, S.; Ho, A. Y. Q. (2023). "Spectroscopic Classification of SN 2023dbc as a Highly Extinguished Stripped-Envelope Supernova". Transient Name Server Astronote. 66: 1. Bibcode:2023TNSAN..66....1P. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
Rehemtulla, N.; Sollerman, J.; Liu, C.; Jacobson-Galán, W.; Singh, A.; Kwok, L.; Miller, A. (2025). "Discovery and classification of SN 2025ahqr, a highly reddened low luminosity Type Iax in M108 (9 Mpc)". Transient Name Server Astronote. 345: 1. Bibcode:2025TNSAN.345....1R.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Sorce, J. G.; et al. (2014). "From Spitzer Galaxy photometry to Tully–Fisher distances". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (1): 527–541. arXiv:1408.0729. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1450.
Wang, Q. Daniel; et al. (2003). "Chandra Observation of the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 3556 (M 108): Violent Galactic Disk-halo Interaction Revealed". The Astrophysical Journal. 598 (2): 969–981. arXiv:astro-ph/0308150. Bibcode:2003ApJ...598..969W. doi:10.1086/379010. S2CID 49349099.
Rhode, Katherine L.; et al. (2007). "Global Properties of the Globular Cluster Systems of Four Spiral Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 134 (4): 1403–1418. arXiv:0708.1166. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.1403R. doi:10.1086/521397. S2CID 15834447.
Gopal-Krishna; Irwin, Judith A. (2000). "Radio jet-blown neutral hydrogen supershells in spiral galaxies?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 361: 888–894. arXiv:astro-ph/0008251. Bibcode:2000A&A...361..888G.
Satyapal, S.; et al. (2008). "Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in Seven Late-Type Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 677 (2): 926–942. arXiv:0801.2759. Bibcode:2008ApJ...677..926S. doi:10.1086/529014. S2CID 16050838.
Jencson, Jacob E.; et al. (2018). "SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (1): 20. arXiv:1803.00574. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863...20J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b. hdl:10150/631110. S2CID 56398022.

caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; English: 473^rd place)

ned.ipac.caltech.edu

"Results for object MESSIER 108". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Sorce, J. G.; et al. (2014). "From Spitzer Galaxy photometry to Tully–Fisher distances". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (1): 527–541. arXiv:1408.0729. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1450.
Wang, Q. Daniel; et al. (2003). "Chandra Observation of the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 3556 (M 108): Violent Galactic Disk-halo Interaction Revealed". The Astrophysical Journal. 598 (2): 969–981. arXiv:astro-ph/0308150. Bibcode:2003ApJ...598..969W. doi:10.1086/379010. S2CID 49349099.
Rhode, Katherine L.; et al. (2007). "Global Properties of the Globular Cluster Systems of Four Spiral Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 134 (4): 1403–1418. arXiv:0708.1166. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.1403R. doi:10.1086/521397. S2CID 15834447.
Satyapal, S.; et al. (2008). "Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in Seven Late-Type Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 677 (2): 926–942. arXiv:0801.2759. Bibcode:2008ApJ...677..926S. doi:10.1086/529014. S2CID 16050838.
Jencson, Jacob E.; et al. (2018). "SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (1): 20. arXiv:1803.00574. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863...20J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b. hdl:10150/631110. S2CID 56398022.

eps.harvard.edu (Global: 3,622^nd place; English: 4,057^th place)

cbat.eps.harvard.edu

Wild, P. (12 February 1969). Marsden, Brian G. (ed.). "SUPERNOVA IN NGC 3556". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. 2131. IAU: 2. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
Detre, Dr. L.; Balázs (14 February 1969). Marsden, Brian G. (ed.). "SUPERNOVAE". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. 2134. IAU: 1. Retrieved 2 August 2025.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Jencson, Jacob E.; et al. (2018). "SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (1): 20. arXiv:1803.00574. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863...20J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b. hdl:10150/631110. S2CID 56398022.

messier-objects.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Messier 108: Surfboard Galaxy". Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue. 26 September 2015.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

science.nasa.gov

"Messier 108". NASA. 16 March 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2024.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Sorce, J. G.; et al. (2014). "From Spitzer Galaxy photometry to Tully–Fisher distances". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (1): 527–541. arXiv:1408.0729. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1450.

seds.org (Global: 942^nd place; English: 5,625^th place)

messier.seds.org

"Messier 108". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Wang, Q. Daniel; et al. (2003). "Chandra Observation of the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 3556 (M 108): Violent Galactic Disk-halo Interaction Revealed". The Astrophysical Journal. 598 (2): 969–981. arXiv:astro-ph/0308150. Bibcode:2003ApJ...598..969W. doi:10.1086/379010. S2CID 49349099.
Rhode, Katherine L.; et al. (2007). "Global Properties of the Globular Cluster Systems of Four Spiral Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 134 (4): 1403–1418. arXiv:0708.1166. Bibcode:2007AJ....134.1403R. doi:10.1086/521397. S2CID 15834447.
Satyapal, S.; et al. (2008). "Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in Seven Late-Type Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal. 677 (2): 926–942. arXiv:0801.2759. Bibcode:2008ApJ...677..926S. doi:10.1086/529014. S2CID 16050838.
Jencson, Jacob E.; et al. (2018). "SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A Heavily Obscured and Low-luminosity Supernova at 8.8 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (1): 20. arXiv:1803.00574. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863...20J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aacf8b. hdl:10150/631110. S2CID 56398022.

wis-tns.org (Global: low place; English: 9,612^th place)

"SN 1969B". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
"SN 2023dbc". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
Perley, D. A.; Qin, Y.; Sharma, Y.; Sollerman, J.; Hinds, K.; Wise, J.; Schulze, S.; Ho, A. Y. Q. (2023). "Spectroscopic Classification of SN 2023dbc as a Highly Extinguished Stripped-Envelope Supernova". Transient Name Server Astronote. 66: 1. Bibcode:2023TNSAN..66....1P. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
"SN 2025ahqr". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 20 December 2025.
Rehemtulla, N.; Sollerman, J.; Liu, C.; Jacobson-Galán, W.; Singh, A.; Kwok, L.; Miller, A. (2025). "Discovery and classification of SN 2025ahqr, a highly reddened low luminosity Type Iax in M108 (9 Mpc)". Transient Name Server Astronote. 345: 1. Bibcode:2025TNSAN.345....1R.

Messier 108 (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

caltech.edu (Global: 240th place; English: 473rd place)

ned.ipac.caltech.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eps.harvard.edu (Global: 3,622nd place; English: 4,057th place)