Messier 74 (English Wikipedia)

Andrews, Jennifer; Sand, Dave; Smith, Nathan; Moe, Max; Lundquist, Mike; Kattner, ShiAnne (2019-07-01). "Spectroscopic classification of AT2019krl as a IIn or LBV-outburst". The Astronomer's Telegram. 12913: 1. Bibcode:2019ATel12913....1A.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

ned.ipac.caltech.edu

"Results for object MESSIER 074". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 18 August 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Honig, Z.N.; Reid, M.J. (February 2015). "Characteristics of Spiral Arms in Late-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (1): 5387–5394. arXiv:1412.1012. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...53H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/53. PMID 53. S2CID 118666575. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
P. A. Mazzali; J. Deng; K. Maeda; K. Nomoto; H. Umeda; K. hatano; et al. (2002). "The Type Ic Hypernova SN 2002ap". Astrophysical Journal. 572 (1): L61 – L65. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572L..61M. doi:10.1086/341504.
S. J. Smartt; P. M. Vreeswijk; E. Ramirez-Ruiz; G. F. Gilmore; W. P. S. Meikle; A. M. N. Ferguson; et al. (2002). "On the Progenitor of the Type Ic Supernova 2002ap". Astrophysical Journal. 572 (2): L147 – L151. arXiv:astro-ph/0205241. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572L.147S. doi:10.1086/341747. S2CID 2130591.
A. Gal-Yam; E. O. Ofek; O. Shemmer (2002). "Supernova 2002ap: The first month". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 332 (4): L73 – L77. arXiv:astro-ph/0204008. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.332L..73G. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05535.x. S2CID 119332396.
S. D. Van Dyk; W. Li; A. V. Filippenko (2003). "On the Progenitor of the Type II-Plateau Supernova 2003gd in M74". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 115 (813): 1289–1295. arXiv:astro-ph/0307226. Bibcode:2003PASP..115.1289V. doi:10.1086/378308. S2CID 119521479.
M. A. Hendry; S. J. Smartt; J. R. Maund; A. Pastorello; L. Zampieri; S. Benetti; et al. (2005). "A study of the Type II-P supernova 2003gd in M74". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 359 (3): 906–926. arXiv:astro-ph/0501341. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..906H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08928.x. S2CID 119479585.
B. E. K. Sugerman (2005). "Discovery of a Light Echo from SN 2003gd". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 632 (1): L17 – L20. arXiv:astro-ph/0509009. Bibcode:2005ApJ...632L..17S. doi:10.1086/497578. S2CID 11853657.
S. D. Van Dyk; W. Li; A. V. Filippenko (2006). "The Light Echo around Supernova 2003gd in Messier 74". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 118 (841): 351–357. arXiv:astro-ph/0508684. Bibcode:2006PASP..118..351V. doi:10.1086/500225. S2CID 1852671.
Andrews, Jennifer E.; Jencson, Jacob E.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Smith, Nathan; Neustadt, Jack M. M.; Sand, David J.; Kreckel, K.; Kochanek, C. S.; Valenti, S.; Strader, Jay; Bersten, M. C.; Blanc, Guillermo A.; Bostroem, K. Azalee; Brink, Thomas G.; Emsellem, Eric; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Folatelli, Gastón; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Masci, Frank J.; McElroy, Rebecca; Milisavljevic, Dan; Santoro, Francesco; Szalai, Tamás (2021). "The Blue Supergiant Progenitor of the Supernova Imposter AT 2019krl". The Astrophysical Journal. 917 (1): 67. arXiv:2009.13541. Bibcode:2021ApJ...917...63A. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e1.
G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0001140. Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID 9618325.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Honig, Z.N.; Reid, M.J. (February 2015). "Characteristics of Spiral Arms in Late-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (1): 5387–5394. arXiv:1412.1012. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...53H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/53. PMID 53. S2CID 118666575. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
Nakano, S.; Hirose, Y.; Kushida, R.; Kushida, Y.; Li, W. (2002). "Supernova 2002ap in M74". IAU Circular. 7810: 1. Bibcode:2002IAUC.7810....1N.
P. A. Mazzali; J. Deng; K. Maeda; K. Nomoto; H. Umeda; K. hatano; et al. (2002). "The Type Ic Hypernova SN 2002ap". Astrophysical Journal. 572 (1): L61 – L65. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572L..61M. doi:10.1086/341504.
S. J. Smartt; P. M. Vreeswijk; E. Ramirez-Ruiz; G. F. Gilmore; W. P. S. Meikle; A. M. N. Ferguson; et al. (2002). "On the Progenitor of the Type Ic Supernova 2002ap". Astrophysical Journal. 572 (2): L147 – L151. arXiv:astro-ph/0205241. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572L.147S. doi:10.1086/341747. S2CID 2130591.
A. Gal-Yam; E. O. Ofek; O. Shemmer (2002). "Supernova 2002ap: The first month". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 332 (4): L73 – L77. arXiv:astro-ph/0204008. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.332L..73G. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05535.x. S2CID 119332396.
R. Evans; R. H. McNaught (2003). "Supernova 2003gd in M74". IAU Circular. 8150: 2. Bibcode:2003IAUC.8150....2E.
S. D. Van Dyk; W. Li; A. V. Filippenko (2003). "On the Progenitor of the Type II-Plateau Supernova 2003gd in M74". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 115 (813): 1289–1295. arXiv:astro-ph/0307226. Bibcode:2003PASP..115.1289V. doi:10.1086/378308. S2CID 119521479.
M. A. Hendry; S. J. Smartt; J. R. Maund; A. Pastorello; L. Zampieri; S. Benetti; et al. (2005). "A study of the Type II-P supernova 2003gd in M74". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 359 (3): 906–926. arXiv:astro-ph/0501341. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..906H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08928.x. S2CID 119479585.
B. E. K. Sugerman (2005). "Discovery of a Light Echo from SN 2003gd". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 632 (1): L17 – L20. arXiv:astro-ph/0509009. Bibcode:2005ApJ...632L..17S. doi:10.1086/497578. S2CID 11853657.
S. D. Van Dyk; W. Li; A. V. Filippenko (2006). "The Light Echo around Supernova 2003gd in Messier 74". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 118 (841): 351–357. arXiv:astro-ph/0508684. Bibcode:2006PASP..118..351V. doi:10.1086/500225. S2CID 1852671.
Kim, M.; Zheng, W.; Li, W.; Filippenko, A. V.; Cenko, S. B.; Richmond, M. W.; Amorim, A.; Balam, D. D.; Graham, M. L.; Hsiao, E. Y. (2013-07-01). "Supernova 2013ej in M74 = Psn J01364816+1545310". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 3606: 1. Bibcode:2013CBET.3606....1K.
Andrews, Jennifer; Sand, Dave; Smith, Nathan; Moe, Max; Lundquist, Mike; Kattner, ShiAnne (2019-07-01). "Spectroscopic classification of AT2019krl as a IIn or LBV-outburst". The Astronomer's Telegram. 12913: 1. Bibcode:2019ATel12913....1A.
Andrews, Jennifer E.; Jencson, Jacob E.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Smith, Nathan; Neustadt, Jack M. M.; Sand, David J.; Kreckel, K.; Kochanek, C. S.; Valenti, S.; Strader, Jay; Bersten, M. C.; Blanc, Guillermo A.; Bostroem, K. Azalee; Brink, Thomas G.; Emsellem, Eric; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Folatelli, Gastón; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Masci, Frank J.; McElroy, Rebecca; Milisavljevic, Dan; Santoro, Francesco; Szalai, Tamás (2021). "The Blue Supergiant Progenitor of the Supernova Imposter AT 2019krl". The Astrophysical Journal. 917 (1): 67. arXiv:2009.13541. Bibcode:2021ApJ...917...63A. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e1.
A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0001140. Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID 9618325.

cbat.eps.harvard.edu

Nakano, S.; Hirose, Y.; Kushida, R.; Kushida, Y.; Li, W. (2002). "Supernova 2002ap in M74". IAU Circular. 7810: 1. Bibcode:2002IAUC.7810....1N.
R. Evans; R. H. McNaught (2003). "Supernova 2003gd in M74". IAU Circular. 8150: 2. Bibcode:2003IAUC.8150....2E.

chandra.harvard.edu

Chandra : Photo Album and details of observation: M74 : 22 Mar 05

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

apod.nasa.gov

Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (2011-04-06). "M74: The Perfect Spiral". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 2011-04-07.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Honig, Z.N.; Reid, M.J. (February 2015). "Characteristics of Spiral Arms in Late-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (1): 5387–5394. arXiv:1412.1012. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...53H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/53. PMID 53. S2CID 118666575. Retrieved November 10, 2022.

rochesterastronomy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bishop, David. "Bright Supernovae - 2002". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 22 August 2025.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Honig, Z.N.; Reid, M.J. (February 2015). "Characteristics of Spiral Arms in Late-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (1): 5387–5394. arXiv:1412.1012. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...53H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/53. PMID 53. S2CID 118666575. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
S. J. Smartt; P. M. Vreeswijk; E. Ramirez-Ruiz; G. F. Gilmore; W. P. S. Meikle; A. M. N. Ferguson; et al. (2002). "On the Progenitor of the Type Ic Supernova 2002ap". Astrophysical Journal. 572 (2): L147 – L151. arXiv:astro-ph/0205241. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572L.147S. doi:10.1086/341747. S2CID 2130591.
A. Gal-Yam; E. O. Ofek; O. Shemmer (2002). "Supernova 2002ap: The first month". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 332 (4): L73 – L77. arXiv:astro-ph/0204008. Bibcode:2002MNRAS.332L..73G. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05535.x. S2CID 119332396.
S. D. Van Dyk; W. Li; A. V. Filippenko (2003). "On the Progenitor of the Type II-Plateau Supernova 2003gd in M74". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 115 (813): 1289–1295. arXiv:astro-ph/0307226. Bibcode:2003PASP..115.1289V. doi:10.1086/378308. S2CID 119521479.
M. A. Hendry; S. J. Smartt; J. R. Maund; A. Pastorello; L. Zampieri; S. Benetti; et al. (2005). "A study of the Type II-P supernova 2003gd in M74". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 359 (3): 906–926. arXiv:astro-ph/0501341. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..906H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08928.x. S2CID 119479585.
B. E. K. Sugerman (2005). "Discovery of a Light Echo from SN 2003gd". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 632 (1): L17 – L20. arXiv:astro-ph/0509009. Bibcode:2005ApJ...632L..17S. doi:10.1086/497578. S2CID 11853657.
S. D. Van Dyk; W. Li; A. V. Filippenko (2006). "The Light Echo around Supernova 2003gd in Messier 74". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 118 (841): 351–357. arXiv:astro-ph/0508684. Bibcode:2006PASP..118..351V. doi:10.1086/500225. S2CID 1852671.
G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv:astro-ph/0001140. Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID 9618325.

skyandtelescope.com (Global: 8,316^th place; English: 7,545^th place)

"Bright supernova in M74". Sky & Telescope. 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2019-11-22.

wis-tns.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SN 2002ap". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
"SN 2003gd". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
"SN 2013ej". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
"SN 2019krl". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 22 August 2025.

Messier 74 (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)

astronomerstelegram.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887th place; English: 714th place)

ned.ipac.caltech.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

cbat.eps.harvard.edu

chandra.harvard.edu

nasa.gov (Global: 75th place; English: 83rd place)

apod.nasa.gov

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

rochesterastronomy.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

skyandtelescope.com (Global: 8,316th place; English: 7,545th place)

wis-tns.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

skyandtelescope.com (Global: 8,316^th place; English: 7,545^th place)