Metallicity (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Metallicity" in English language version.

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Pilyugin, L.S. (April 2001). "On the oxygen abundance determination in H^II regions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 369 (2): 594–604. arXiv:astro-ph/0101446. Bibcode:2001A&A...369..594P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010079. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 54527173.

archive.org

Jenkins, Francis A.; White, Harvey E. (1981). Fundamentals of Optics (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-07-256191-3.
Jenkins, Francis A.; White, Harvey E. (1981). Fundamentals of Optics (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-07-256191-3.
Meadows, A. J. (Arthur Jack) (1970). Early solar physics. Internet Archive. Oxford, New York, Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-006653-0.

arxiv.org

Asplund, Martin; Grevesse, Nicolas; Sauval, A. Jacques; Scott, Pat (2009). "The chemical composition of the Sun". Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 47 (1): 481–522. arXiv:0909.0948. Bibcode:2009ARA&A..47..481A. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222. S2CID 17921922.
Hinkel, Natalie; Timmes, Frank; Young, Patrick; Pagano, Michael; Turnbull, Maggie (September 2014). "Stellar abundances in the Solar neighborhood: The Hypatia Catalog". Astronomical Journal. 148 (3): 33. arXiv:1405.6719. Bibcode:2014AJ....148...54H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/148/3/54. S2CID 119221402.
Sobral, David; Matthee, Jorryt; Darvish, Behnam; Schaerer, Daniel; Mobasher, Bahram; Röttgering, Huub J.A.; et al. (4 June 2015). "Evidence for pop III-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-α emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation". The Astrophysical Journal. 808 (2): 139. arXiv:1504.01734. Bibcode:2015ApJ...808..139S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/139. S2CID 18471887.
Wang, Ji; Fischer, Debra A. (2013). "Revealing a universal planet-metallicity correlation for planets of different sizes around Solar-type stars". The Astronomical Journal. 149 (1): 14. arXiv:1310.7830. Bibcode:2015AJ....149...14W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/14. S2CID 118415186.
Kewley, L.J.; Dopita, M.A. (September 2002). "Using strong lines to estimate abundances in extragalactic H^II regions and starburst galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 142 (1): 35–52. arXiv:astro-ph/0206495. Bibcode:2002ApJS..142...35K. doi:10.1086/341326. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 16655590.
Nagao, T.; Maiolino, R.; Marconi, A. (2006-09-12). "Gas metallicity diagnostics in star-forming galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 459 (1): 85–101. arXiv:astro-ph/0603580. Bibcode:2006A&A...459...85N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065216. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 16220272.
Henry, R.B.C.; Worthey, Guy (August 1999). "The distribution of heavy elements in spiral and elliptical galaxies". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 111 (762): 919–945. arXiv:astro-ph/9904017. Bibcode:1999PASP..111..919H. doi:10.1086/316403. ISSN 0004-6280. S2CID 17106463.
Kobulnicky, Henry A.; Kennicutt, Robert C. Jr.; Pizagno, James L. (April 1999). "On measuring nebular chemical abundances in distant galaxies using global emission-line spectra". The Astrophysical Journal. 514 (2): 544–557. arXiv:astro-ph/9811006. Bibcode:1999ApJ...514..544K. doi:10.1086/306987. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 14643540.
Grazyna, Stasinska (2004). "Abundance determinations in H^II regions and planetary nebulae". In Esteban, C.; Garcia Lopez, R.J.; Herrero, A.; Sanchez, F. (eds.). Cosmochemistry: The melting pot of the elements. Cambridge Contemporary Astrophysics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0207500. Bibcode:2002astro.ph..7500S.
Peimbert, Antonio; Peimbert, Manuel; Ruiz, Maria Teresa (December 2005). "Chemical composition of two H^II regions in NGC 6822 based on VLT spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (2): 1056–1066. arXiv:astro-ph/0507084. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634.1056P. doi:10.1086/444557. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17086551.
Pilyugin, L.S. (April 2001). "On the oxygen abundance determination in H^II regions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 369 (2): 594–604. arXiv:astro-ph/0101446. Bibcode:2001A&A...369..594P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010079. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 54527173.
Kobulnicky, Henry A.; Zaritsky, Dennis (1999-01-20). "Chemical Properties of Star-forming Emission-Line Galaxies atz=0.1–0.5". The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 118–135. arXiv:astro-ph/9808081. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..118K. doi:10.1086/306673. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13094276.
Diaz, A.I.; Perez-Montero, E. (2000-02-11). "An empirical calibration of nebular abundances based on the sulphur emission lines". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 312 (1): 130–138. arXiv:astro-ph/9909492. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.312..130D. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03117.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119504048.
Balser, Dana S.; Rood, Robert T.; Bania, T.M.; Anderson, L.D. (2011-08-10). "H^II region metallicity distribution in the Milky Way disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 738 (1): 27. arXiv:1106.1660. Bibcode:2011ApJ...738...27B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/27. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119252119.

astrobio.net

Sanders, Ray (9 April 2012). "When stellar metallicity sparks planet formation". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 2021-05-07.

books.google.com

Joseph Fraunhofer (1814 - 1815) "Bestimmung des Brechungs- und des Farben-Zerstreuungs - Vermögens verschiedener Glasarten, in Bezug auf die Vervollkommnung achromatischer Fernröhre" (Determination of the refractive and color-dispersing power of different types of glass, in relation to the improvement of achromatic telescopes), Denkschriften der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Munich), 5: 193–226; see especially pages 202–205 and the plate following page 226.
Matteucci, Francesca (2001). The Chemical Evolution of the Galaxy. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 253. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7923-6552-5.

britannica.com

Melvyn C. Usselman: William Hyde Wollaston Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 31 March 2013

caltech.edu

astro.caltech.edu

Wang, Ji. "Planet-metallicity correlation - the rich get richer". Caltech. Archived from the original on 2017-07-13. Retrieved 2016-09-28.

chemteam.info

"Kirchhoff and Bunsen on Spectroscopy". www.chemteam.info. Retrieved 2024-07-02.

doi.org

G. Kirchhoff (1860). "Ueber die Fraunhofer'schen Linien". Annalen der Physik. 185 (1): 148–150. Bibcode:1860AnP...185..148K. doi:10.1002/andp.18601850115.
G. Kirchhoff (1860). "Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht" [On the relation between the emissive power and the absorptive power of bodies towards heat and light]. Annalen der Physik. 185 (2): 275–301. Bibcode:1860AnP...185..275K. doi:10.1002/andp.18601850205.
Baade, Walter (1944). "The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the central region of the Andromeda Nebula". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 121–146. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..137B. doi:10.1086/144650.
Rees, M.J. (1978). "Origin of pregalactic microwave background". Nature. 275 (5675): 35–37. Bibcode:1978Natur.275...35R. doi:10.1038/275035a0. S2CID 121250998.
White, S.D.M.; Rees, M.J. (1978). "Core condensation in heavy halos - a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 183 (3): 341–358. Bibcode:1978MNRAS.183..341W. doi:10.1093/mnras/183.3.341.
Asplund, Martin; Grevesse, Nicolas; Sauval, A. Jacques; Scott, Pat (2009). "The chemical composition of the Sun". Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 47 (1): 481–522. arXiv:0909.0948. Bibcode:2009ARA&A..47..481A. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222. S2CID 17921922.
Hinkel, Natalie; Timmes, Frank; Young, Patrick; Pagano, Michael; Turnbull, Maggie (September 2014). "Stellar abundances in the Solar neighborhood: The Hypatia Catalog". Astronomical Journal. 148 (3): 33. arXiv:1405.6719. Bibcode:2014AJ....148...54H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/148/3/54. S2CID 119221402.
Sobral, David; Matthee, Jorryt; Darvish, Behnam; Schaerer, Daniel; Mobasher, Bahram; Röttgering, Huub J.A.; et al. (4 June 2015). "Evidence for pop III-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-α emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation". The Astrophysical Journal. 808 (2): 139. arXiv:1504.01734. Bibcode:2015ApJ...808..139S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/139. S2CID 18471887.
Johnson, H.L.; Morgan, W.W. (May 1953). "Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas". The Astrophysical Journal. 117: 313. Bibcode:1953ApJ...117..313J. doi:10.1086/145697. ISSN 0004-637X.
Roman, Nancy G. (December 1955). "A catalogue of high-velocity stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2: 195. Bibcode:1955ApJS....2..195R. doi:10.1086/190021. ISSN 0067-0049.
Sandage, A.R.; Eggen, O.J. (1959-06-01). "On the existence of subdwarfs in the (MBol, log Te)-diagram". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 119 (3): 278–296. Bibcode:1959MNRAS.119..278S. doi:10.1093/mnras/119.3.278. ISSN 0035-8711.
Wallerstein, George; Carlson, Maurice (September 1960). "Letter to the Editor: On the ultraviolet excess in G dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 132: 276. Bibcode:1960ApJ...132..276W. doi:10.1086/146926. ISSN 0004-637X.
Wildey, R.L.; Burbidge, E.M.; Sandage, A.R.; Burbidge, G.R. (January 1962). "On the effect of Fraunhofer lines on u, b, V measurements". The Astrophysical Journal. 135: 94. Bibcode:1962ApJ...135...94W. doi:10.1086/147251. ISSN 0004-637X.
Schwarzschild, M.; Searle, L.; Howard, R. (September 1955). "On the colors of subdwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 122: 353. Bibcode:1955ApJ...122..353S. doi:10.1086/146094. ISSN 0004-637X.
Sandage, A.R. (December 1969). "New subdwarfs. II. Radial velocities, photometry, and preliminary space motions for 112 stars with large proper motion". The Astrophysical Journal. 158: 1115. Bibcode:1969ApJ...158.1115S. doi:10.1086/150271. ISSN 0004-637X.
Carney, B.W. (October 1979). "Subdwarf ultraviolet excesses and metal abundances". The Astrophysical Journal. 233: 211. Bibcode:1979ApJ...233..211C. doi:10.1086/157383. ISSN 0004-637X.
Laird, John B.; Carney, Bruce W.; Latham, David W. (June 1988). "A survey of proper-motion stars. III - Reddenings, distances, and metallicities". The Astronomical Journal. 95: 1843. Bibcode:1988AJ.....95.1843L. doi:10.1086/114782. ISSN 0004-6256.
Geisler, D. (1986). "The empirical abundance calibrations for Washington photometry of population II giants". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 98 (606): 762. Bibcode:1986PASP...98..762G. doi:10.1086/131822. ISSN 1538-3873.
Geisler, Doug; Claria, Juan J.; Minniti, Dante (November 1991). "An improved metal abundance calibration for the Washington system". The Astronomical Journal. 102: 1836. Bibcode:1991AJ....102.1836G. doi:10.1086/116008. ISSN 0004-6256.
Claria, Juan J.; Piatti, Andres E.; Lapasset, Emilio (May 1994). "A revised effective-temperature calibration for the DDO photometric system". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 106: 436. Bibcode:1994PASP..106..436C. doi:10.1086/133398. ISSN 0004-6280.
James, K.A. (May 1975). "Cyanogen strengths, luminosities, and kinematics of K giant stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 29: 161. Bibcode:1975ApJS...29..161J. doi:10.1086/190339. ISSN 0067-0049.
Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff (2005). "The planet-metallicity correlation". The Astrophysical Journal. 622 (2): 1102. Bibcode:2005ApJ...622.1102F. doi:10.1086/428383.
Wang, Ji; Fischer, Debra A. (2013). "Revealing a universal planet-metallicity correlation for planets of different sizes around Solar-type stars". The Astronomical Journal. 149 (1): 14. arXiv:1310.7830. Bibcode:2015AJ....149...14W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/14. S2CID 118415186.
Hill, Vanessa; François, Patrick; Primas, Francesca (eds.). "The G star problem". From Lithium to Uranium: Elemental tracers of early cosmic evolution. IAU Symposium 228. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposia and Colloquia. Vol. 228. pp. 509–511. ^{[citation not found]}
Missing article's page numbers are imbedded in:
Arimoto, N. (23–27 May 2005). "Linking the halo to its surroundings". In Hill, Vanessa; François, Patrick; Primas, Francesca (eds.). From Lithium to Uranium: Elemental tracers of early cosmic evolution. IAU Symposium 228. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposia and Colloquia. Vol. 228. Paris, France: IAU / Cambridge University Press (published February 2006). pp. 503–512. Bibcode:2005IAUS..228..503A. doi:10.1017/S1743921305006344. ISBN 978-0-52185199-2.
Kewley, L.J.; Dopita, M.A. (September 2002). "Using strong lines to estimate abundances in extragalactic H^II regions and starburst galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 142 (1): 35–52. arXiv:astro-ph/0206495. Bibcode:2002ApJS..142...35K. doi:10.1086/341326. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 16655590.
Nagao, T.; Maiolino, R.; Marconi, A. (2006-09-12). "Gas metallicity diagnostics in star-forming galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 459 (1): 85–101. arXiv:astro-ph/0603580. Bibcode:2006A&A...459...85N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065216. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 16220272.
Peimbert, Manuel (December 1967). "Temperature determinations of H^II regions". The Astrophysical Journal. 150: 825. Bibcode:1967ApJ...150..825P. doi:10.1086/149385. ISSN 0004-637X.
Pagel, B.E.J. (1986). "Nebulae and abundances in galaxies". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 98 (608): 1009. Bibcode:1986PASP...98.1009P. doi:10.1086/131863. ISSN 1538-3873. S2CID 120467036.
Henry, R.B.C.; Worthey, Guy (August 1999). "The distribution of heavy elements in spiral and elliptical galaxies". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 111 (762): 919–945. arXiv:astro-ph/9904017. Bibcode:1999PASP..111..919H. doi:10.1086/316403. ISSN 0004-6280. S2CID 17106463.
Kobulnicky, Henry A.; Kennicutt, Robert C. Jr.; Pizagno, James L. (April 1999). "On measuring nebular chemical abundances in distant galaxies using global emission-line spectra". The Astrophysical Journal. 514 (2): 544–557. arXiv:astro-ph/9811006. Bibcode:1999ApJ...514..544K. doi:10.1086/306987. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 14643540.
Peimbert, Antonio; Peimbert, Manuel; Ruiz, Maria Teresa (December 2005). "Chemical composition of two H^II regions in NGC 6822 based on VLT spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 634 (2): 1056–1066. arXiv:astro-ph/0507084. Bibcode:2005ApJ...634.1056P. doi:10.1086/444557. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17086551.
Pagel, B.E.J.; Edmunds, M.G.; Blackwell, D.E.; Chun, M.S.; Smith, G. (1979-11-01). "On the composition of H^II regions in southern galaxies – I. NGC 300 and 1365". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 189 (1): 95–113. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189...95P. doi:10.1093/mnras/189.1.95. ISSN 0035-8711.
Dopita, M.A.; Evans, I.N. (August 1986). "Theoretical models for H^II regions. II - The extragalactic H^II region abundance sequence". The Astrophysical Journal. 307: 431. Bibcode:1986ApJ...307..431D. doi:10.1086/164432. ISSN 0004-637X.
McGaugh, Stacy S. (October 1991). "H^II region abundances - Model oxygen line ratios". The Astrophysical Journal. 380: 140. Bibcode:1991ApJ...380..140M. doi:10.1086/170569. ISSN 0004-637X.
Pilyugin, L.S. (April 2001). "On the oxygen abundance determination in H^II regions". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 369 (2): 594–604. arXiv:astro-ph/0101446. Bibcode:2001A&A...369..594P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010079. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 54527173.
Kobulnicky, Henry A.; Zaritsky, Dennis (1999-01-20). "Chemical Properties of Star-forming Emission-Line Galaxies atz=0.1–0.5". The Astrophysical Journal. 511 (1): 118–135. arXiv:astro-ph/9808081. Bibcode:1999ApJ...511..118K. doi:10.1086/306673. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13094276.
Diaz, A.I.; Perez-Montero, E. (2000-02-11). "An empirical calibration of nebular abundances based on the sulphur emission lines". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 312 (1): 130–138. arXiv:astro-ph/9909492. Bibcode:2000MNRAS.312..130D. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03117.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119504048.
Shaver, P.A.; McGee, R.X.; Newton, L.M.; Danks, A.C.; Pottasch, S.R. (1983-09-01). "The galactic abundance gradient". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 204 (1): 53–112. Bibcode:1983MNRAS.204...53S. doi:10.1093/mnras/204.1.53. ISSN 0035-8711.
Afflerbach, A.; Churchwell, E.; Werner, M. W. (1997-03-20). "Galactic abundance gradients from infrared fine-structure lines in compact H^II regions". The Astrophysical Journal. 478 (1): 190–205. Bibcode:1997ApJ...478..190A. doi:10.1086/303771. ISSN 0004-637X.
Balser, Dana S.; Rood, Robert T.; Bania, T.M.; Anderson, L.D. (2011-08-10). "H^II region metallicity distribution in the Milky Way disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 738 (1): 27. arXiv:1106.1660. Bibcode:2011ApJ...738...27B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/27. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119252119.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

"Spectrum analysis in its application to terrestrial substances and the physical constitution of the heavenly bodies : familiarly explained / by H. Schellen ..." HathiTrust. hdl:2027/hvd.hn3317. Retrieved 2024-07-02.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

G. Kirchhoff (1860). "Ueber die Fraunhofer'schen Linien". Annalen der Physik. 185 (1): 148–150. Bibcode:1860AnP...185..148K. doi:10.1002/andp.18601850115.
G. Kirchhoff (1860). "Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht" [On the relation between the emissive power and the absorptive power of bodies towards heat and light]. Annalen der Physik. 185 (2): 275–301. Bibcode:1860AnP...185..275K. doi:10.1002/andp.18601850205.
Baade, Walter (1944). "The Resolution of Messier 32, NGC 205, and the central region of the Andromeda Nebula". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 121–146. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..137B. doi:10.1086/144650.
Rees, M.J. (1978). "Origin of pregalactic microwave background". Nature. 275 (5675): 35–37. Bibcode:1978Natur.275...35R. doi:10.1038/275035a0. S2CID 121250998.
White, S.D.M.; Rees, M.J. (1978). "Core condensation in heavy halos - a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 183 (3): 341–358. Bibcode:1978MNRAS.183..341W. doi:10.1093/mnras/183.3.341.
Puget, J.L.; Heyvaerts, J. (1980). "Population III stars and the shape of the cosmological black body radiation". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 83 (3): L10–L12. Bibcode:1980A&A....83L..10P.
Asplund, Martin; Grevesse, Nicolas; Sauval, A. Jacques; Scott, Pat (2009). "The chemical composition of the Sun". Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics. 47 (1): 481–522. arXiv:0909.0948. Bibcode:2009ARA&A..47..481A. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222. S2CID 17921922.
Hinkel, Natalie; Timmes, Frank; Young, Patrick; Pagano, Michael; Turnbull, Maggie (September 2014). "Stellar abundances in the Solar neighborhood: The Hypatia Catalog". Astronomical Journal. 148 (3): 33. arXiv:1405.6719. Bibcode:2014AJ....148...54H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/148/3/54. S2CID 119221402.
Sobral, David; Matthee, Jorryt; Darvish, Behnam; Schaerer, Daniel; Mobasher, Bahram; Röttgering, Huub J.A.; et al. (4 June 2015). "Evidence for pop III-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-α emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation". The Astrophysical Journal. 808 (2): 139. arXiv:1504.01734. Bibcode:2015ApJ...808..139S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/139. S2CID 18471887.
Johnson, H.L.; Morgan, W.W. (May 1953). "Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes Spectral Atlas". The Astrophysical Journal. 117: 313. Bibcode:1953ApJ...117..313J. doi:10.1086/145697. ISSN 0004-637X.
Roman, Nancy G. (December 1955). "A catalogue of high-velocity stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2: 195. Bibcode:1955ApJS....2..195R. doi:10.1086/190021. ISSN 0067-0049.
Sandage, A.R.; Eggen, O.J. (1959-06-01). "On the existence of subdwarfs in the (MBol, log Te)-diagram". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 119 (3): 278–296. Bibcode:1959MNRAS.119..278S. doi:10.1093/mnras/119.3.278. ISSN 0035-8711.
Wallerstein, George; Carlson, Maurice (September 1960). "Letter to the Editor: On the ultraviolet excess in G dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 132: 276. Bibcode:1960ApJ...132..276W. doi:10.1086/146926. ISSN 0004-637X.
Wildey, R.L.; Burbidge, E.M.; Sandage, A.R.; Burbidge, G.R. (January 1962). "On the effect of Fraunhofer lines on u, b, V measurements". The Astrophysical Journal. 135: 94. Bibcode:1962ApJ...135...94W. doi:10.1086/147251. ISSN 0004-637X.
Schwarzschild, M.; Searle, L.; Howard, R. (September 1955). "On the colors of subdwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 122: 353. Bibcode:1955ApJ...122..353S. doi:10.1086/146094. ISSN 0004-637X.
Cameron, L. M. (June 1985). "Metallicities and distances of galactic clusters as determined from UBV data – Part Three – Ages and abundance gradients of open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 147: 47. Bibcode:1985A&A...147...47C. ISSN 0004-6361.
Sandage, A.R. (December 1969). "New subdwarfs. II. Radial velocities, photometry, and preliminary space motions for 112 stars with large proper motion". The Astrophysical Journal. 158: 1115. Bibcode:1969ApJ...158.1115S. doi:10.1086/150271. ISSN 0004-637X.
Carney, B.W. (October 1979). "Subdwarf ultraviolet excesses and metal abundances". The Astrophysical Journal. 233: 211. Bibcode:1979ApJ...233..211C. doi:10.1086/157383. ISSN 0004-637X.
Laird, John B.; Carney, Bruce W.; Latham, David W. (June 1988). "A survey of proper-motion stars. III - Reddenings, distances, and metallicities". The Astronomical Journal. 95: 1843. Bibcode:1988AJ.....95.1843L. doi:10.1086/114782. ISSN 0004-6256.
Strömgren, Bengt (1963). "Quantitative classification methods". In Strand, Kaj Aage (ed.). Basic Astronomical Data: Stars and stellar systems (original (re-issued 1968) ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p. 123. Bibcode:1963bad..book..123S.
Crawford, L.D. (1966). "Photo-electric H-beta and U V B Y photometry". Spectral Classification and Multicolour Photometry. 24: 170. Bibcode:1966IAUS...24..170C.
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