Middleware (English Wikipedia)

Etzkorn, L. H. (2017). Introduction to Middleware: Web Services, Object Components, and Cloud Computing. CRC Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 9781498754101.
Luckham, D. C. (2011). Event Processing for Business: Organizing the Real-Time Enterprise. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 27–28. ISBN 9781118171851.
Simon, A. R.; Wheeler, T. (2014). Open Client/Server Computing and Middleware. Academic Press. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9781483214276.
Arregoces, M.; Portolani, M. (2003). Data Center Fundamentals. Cisco Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 9781587140747.
Jokiaho, T.; Fryer, J. (2012). "Foreword". Service Availability: Principles and Practice. John Wiley & Sons. p. xv. ISBN 9781119941675.
Becchini, R.; Chilaev, P.; Krivtsov, V.; et al. (2003). "Chapter 4: Middleware". In Drira, K.; Martelli, A.; Villemur, T. (eds.). Cooperative Environments for Distributed Systems Engineering: The Distributed Systems Environment Report. Springer. pp. 41–4. ISBN 9783540455820.
Glover, B.; Bhatt, H. (2006). RFID Essentials. O'Reilly Media. pp. 38–44. ISBN 9780596009441.

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

Hadim, S. and Mohamed, N. (2006). Middleware challenges and approaches for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Distributed Systems Online vol 7. Issue 3. Retrieved March 4, 2009 from iEEE Distributed Systems Online Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine

Gazis, Alexandros; Katsiri, Eleftheria (15 March 2022). "Middleware 101: What to know now and for the future". ACM Queue. 20: 10–23. doi:10.1145/3526211. S2CID 247494415.

"Middleware conference". middleware-conf.github.io. Retrieved 2023-12-16. Middleware is a distributed-system software that resides between applications and underlying platforms (operating systems; databases; hardware), and/or ties together distributed applications, databases or devices. Its primary role is to coordinate and enable communication between different layers or components while isolating much of the complexity of distribution into a single, well tested and well understood system abstraction.

Krakowiak, Sacha. "What's middleware?". ObjectWeb.org. Archived from the original on 2005-05-07. Retrieved 2005-05-06.

"Service Availability Interface Specification" (PDF). Service Availability Forum. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2018.

"QNX Software Joins Internet ITS Consortium of Japan". QNX News Releases. QNX. 6 May 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2018.

Gazis, Alexandros; Katsiri, Eleftheria (15 March 2022). "Middleware 101: What to know now and for the future". ACM Queue. 20: 10–23. doi:10.1145/3526211. S2CID 247494415.

Gall, Nick (July 30, 2005). "Origin of the term middleware". Retrieved May 21, 2008.

"What is Middleware?". Middleware.org. Defining Technology. 2008. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
Krakowiak, Sacha. "What's middleware?". ObjectWeb.org. Archived from the original on 2005-05-07. Retrieved 2005-05-06.
"Service Availability Interface Specification" (PDF). Service Availability Forum. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
Hadim, S. and Mohamed, N. (2006). Middleware challenges and approaches for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Distributed Systems Online vol 7. Issue 3. Retrieved March 4, 2009 from iEEE Distributed Systems Online Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine