Mikhail Gorbachev (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Mikhail Gorbachev" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

187archive.org

6^th place

65web.archive.org

1^st place

14doi.org

2^nd place

11jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

10nih.gov

4^th place

8worldcat.org

5^th place

6reuters.com

49^th place

47^th place

5nytimes.com

7^th place

5theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

4rbc.ru

357^th place

2,226^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

3gorby.ru

low place

3ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

3washingtonpost.com

34^th place

27^th place

3bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2kremlin.ru

306^th place

1,951^st place

2upi.com

290^th place

202^nd place

2csmonitor.com

791^st place

550^th place

2independent.co.uk

36^th place

33^rd place

2apnews.com

129^th place

89^th place

2interfax.ru

855^th place

3,493^rd place

2mk.ru

801^st place

4,984^th place

2themoscowtimes.com

1,388^th place

972^nd place

1wikimedia.org

low place

1dictionary.com

794^th place

588^th place

1oxforddictionaries.com

710^th place

648^th place

1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

1foreignaffairs.com

3,234^th place

2,284^th place

1uawarexplained.com

low place

1openedition.org

666^th place

1,300^th place

1rbth.com

1,781^st place

1,533^rd place

1rferl.org

737^th place

605^th place

1pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

1dw.com

204^th place

353^rd place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1illuminats.ru

low place

1ruspravo.org

low place

1derstandard.at

743^rd place

3,221^st place

1foreignpolicy.com

1,116^th place

790^th place

1telegraph.co.uk

30^th place

24^th place

1huffingtonpost.com

109^th place

87^th place

1sptimesrussia.com

low place

1dw.de

1,780^th place

3,005^th place

1newsweek.com

269^th place

201^st place

1politico.com

312^th place

197^th place

1sonnenseite.com

low place

1cnbc.com

220^th place

155^th place

1voanews.com

581^st place

738^th place

1politico.eu

1,347^th place

909^th place

1cbsnews.com

108^th place

80^th place

1solenka.info

low place

1aljazeera.com

268^th place

215^th place

1chicagotribune.com

95^th place

70^th place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

1tass.ru

260^th place

1,423^rd place

1radiokp.ru

low place

1forbes.ru

885^th place

5,644^th place

1rg.ru

270^th place

1,814^th place

1starhit.ru

2,190^th place

low place

1fakty.ua

3,000^th place

low place

1dni.ru

4,110^th place

low place

1topnews.ru

low place

1kommersant.ru

176^th place

1,455^th place

1rtvi.com

low place

1telegraphherald.com

low place

1nydailynews.com

134^th place

100^th place

1bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

1yeltsin.ru

low place

1vk.com

1,526^th place

5,436^th place

1globalnews.ca

985^th place

583^rd place

1dalailama.com

low place

1euronews.com

612^th place

921^st place

1levada.ru

low place

1meduza.io

444^th place

1,507^th place

1nobelprize.org

301^st place

478^th place

1reaganfoundation.org

low place

1grawemeyer.org

low place

1presidencia.pt

1,723^rd place

3,403^rd place

1civilrightsmuseum.org

low place

1achievement.org

1,925^th place

1,057^th place

1dublincity.ie

low place

1fundacionyuste.org

low place

1pentatonemusic.com

low place

1dw-world.de

1,885^th place

3,847^th place

1rumble.com

low place

1broadwayworld.com

255^th place

167^th place

1deadline.com

10^th place

9^th place

1thegamer.com

2,166^th place

1,317^th place

achievement.org

"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2021.

aljazeera.com

"'A big blow': Mikhail Gorbachev died shocked by Ukraine war". Al Jazeera. 2 September 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

apnews.com

"The Latest: Gorbachev has high hopes for Putin-Trump summit". Associated Press News. 28 June 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Heintz, Jim (30 August 2022). "Mikhail Gorbachev, who steered Soviet breakup, dead at 91". Associated Press News. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

archive.org

Medvedev 1986, p. 22; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 1; McCauley 1998, p. 15; Taubman 2017, p. 7. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 15; Taubman 2017, p. 10. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 4; McCauley 1998, p. 15; Taubman 2017, p. 7. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 15; Taubman 2017, pp. 12–13. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 16; Taubman 2017, p. 7. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 15–16; Taubman 2017, pp. 7, 8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 5–6; McCauley 1998, p. 17; Taubman 2017, pp. 7, 20–22. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 5; McCauley 1998, p. 17; Taubman 2017, pp. 8, 26–27. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 7; McCauley 1998, p. 18; Taubman 2017, p. 32. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 18; Taubman 2017, p. 34. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 6; McCauley 1998, p. 18; Taubman 2017, pp. 8, 34. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 6, 8; McCauley 1998, p. 18; Taubman 2017, pp. 40–41. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 19; Taubman 2017, pp. 45, 52. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 10; McCauley 1998, p. 19; Taubman 2017, p. 46. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 19; Taubman 2017, p. 46. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 36–37; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 11; McCauley 1998, p. 19; Taubman 2017, pp. 45, 53, 56–57. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 20; Taubman 2017, pp. 57–58. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 20; Taubman 2017, p. 68. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 42; McCauley 1998, p. 20. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 20. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 20–21; Taubman 2017, pp. 73–74. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 20; Taubman 2017, p. 74. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 20–21; Taubman 2017, p. 75. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 21; Taubman 2017, p. 77. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 210; Taubman 2017, pp. 81–83. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 19; McCauley 1998, p. 23; Taubman 2017, p. 86. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 23; Taubman 2017, p. 89. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 56, 62; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 19; McCauley 1998, p. 29; Taubman 2017, pp. 115–116. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 63; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 19; McCauley 1998, p. 29; Taubman 2017, pp. 111–113. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 22; Taubman 2017, pp. 96–98. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 74; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 32; McCauley 1998, p. 25; Taubman 2017, pp. 105–106. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 47; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 31; McCauley 1998, p. 23; Taubman 2017, p. 98. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 23; Taubman 2017, p. 100. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 23; Taubman 2017, p. 99. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 49; McCauley 1998, p. 23. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, p. 50; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 24; McCauley 1998, p. 24. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, p. 61; McCauley 1998, p. 26. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, p. 63; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 32; McCauley 1998, p. 28; Taubman 2017, p. 119. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 30. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 64–65; McCauley 1998, p. 30; Taubman 2017, p. 124. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 28–29; Taubman 2017, p. 125. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 65; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 32; McCauley 1998, p. 29; Taubman 2017, p. 120. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 31–32; Taubman 2017, p. 130. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 33; Taubman 2017, pp. 131–132. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 35; Taubman 2017, pp. 145–146. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 108, 113; McCauley 1998, p. 35. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 30; Taubman 2017, pp. 150–151. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 92; McCauley 1998, p. 36; Taubman 2017, p. 157. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 40; Taubman 2017, p. 166. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 34. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 118, 121–122; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 43; McCauley 1998, p. 41; Taubman 2017, pp. 179–180. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 124; Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 46–47; McCauley 1998, p. 31; Taubman 2017, pp. 182–185. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 47; McCauley 1998, p. 31; Taubman 2017, p. 182. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 138–139; Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 51–52; McCauley 1998, p. 43; Taubman 2017, p. 192. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 57; McCauley 1998, p. 43; Taubman 2017, p. 193. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 44; Taubman 2017, p. 195. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 159; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 59; McCauley 1998, p. 44; Taubman 2017, p. 196. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 159; McCauley 1998, p. 44; Taubman 2017, p. 201. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 4; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 62; McCauley 1998, p. 45; Taubman 2017, p. 204. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 63–64; McCauley 1998, p. 45. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, p. 16; McCauley 1998, p. 46; Taubman 2017, pp. 211–212. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 87; McCauley 1998, p. 59; Taubman 2017, p. 213. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 194–195; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 101; McCauley 1998, p. 60; Taubman 2017, p. 237. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 54; Taubman 2017, p. 223. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 52, 55. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Medvedev 1986, p. 177; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 95; McCauley 1998, p. 52; Taubman 2017, p. 220. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, p. 177; McCauley 1998, p. 53; Taubman 2017, p. 222. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 54. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 52. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 50. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 55. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 51, 55; Taubman 2017, p. 235. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 50–51. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 56. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 56, 57. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 57. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 61–62. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 167; McCauley 1998, p. 58. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 62; Taubman 2017, p. 233. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 71; Taubman 2017, pp. 323, 326–328. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 237–238; McCauley 1998, p. 142; Taubman 2017, pp. 278–279. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 80; Taubman 2017, p. 291. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 159–162; McCauley 1998, p. 81; Taubman 2017, p. 294. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 80–81; Taubman 2017, pp. 297–301. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 115; Taubman 2017, pp. 434–435, 449–450. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 116; Taubman 2017, p. 450. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 131. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich. Perestroika: New Thinking for Our Country and the World.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 281; McCauley 1998, p. 92; Taubman 2017, pp. 320–321. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 305–306; McCauley 1998, pp. 93–94; Taubman 2017, p. 342. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 94; Taubman 2017, pp. 346–349. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 192–193, 324; McCauley 1998, pp. 94–95; Taubman 2017, p. 351. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 105; Taubman 2017, pp. 353–354. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 100; Taubman 2017, p. 371. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 104–105; Taubman 2017, pp. 428–429. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 104–105; Taubman 2017, pp. 429–430. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 107; Taubman 2017, p. 444. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 106–107; Taubman 2017, pp. 431–432. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 108; Taubman 2017, p. 442. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 109; Taubman 2017, p. 444. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 231; McCauley 1998, pp. 83, 142; Taubman 2017, p. 387. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 217, 220; McCauley 1998, p. 84, 143; Taubman 2017, pp. 390–392. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 371; McCauley 1998, p. 143; Taubman 2017, pp. 475–476. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 43; Taubman 2017, pp. 388–389. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 144. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 284–285; McCauley 1998, p. 138; Taubman 2017, pp. 401–403. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 356–357; McCauley 1998, p. 139; Taubman 2017, pp. 421–422. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 352; McCauley 1998, p. 139; Taubman 2017, pp. 422–426. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 140–141; Taubman 2017, pp. 494–496. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 142. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 74–75. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 268; McCauley 1998, p. 76; Taubman 2017, p. 367. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, pp. 267–268, 299–300; McCauley 1998, p. 119; Taubman 2017, p. 368. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 301; McCauley 1998, p. 119; Taubman 2017, pp. 369–370. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 413; McCauley 1998, p. 159; Taubman 2017, pp. 504–505; Tuminez 2003, p. 117. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
McCauley 1998, p. 130; Taubman 2017, pp. 436–437; Tuminez 2003, p. 119. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
McCauley 1998, pp. 126–127; Taubman 2017, p. 435. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 128; Taubman 2017, p. 452. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 128. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 412; McCauley 1998, pp. 157–158; Taubman 2017, p. 503. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 212; McCauley 1998, p. 32. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 133; Taubman 2017, p. 481. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 35–36; Taubman 2017, pp. 484–485. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 160–161; Taubman 2017, p. 507. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 165; Taubman 2017, pp. 508–509. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 164–165; Taubman 2017, p. 509. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 165–166; Taubman 2017, p. 511. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 408; McCauley 1998, p. 161; Taubman 2017, pp. 510–522. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 170; Taubman 2017, p. 513. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 169; Taubman 2017, pp. 513–514. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 172. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 174–175; Taubman 2017, pp. 500–501, 515–516. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 213; Taubman 2017, pp. 540–541, 566–567. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 220; Taubman 2017, p. 572. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 214. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 218–219; Taubman 2017, p. 593. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 215; Taubman 2017, pp. 595–596. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 218–219; Taubman 2017, p. 595. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 214; Taubman 2017, p. 595. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 221; Taubman 2017, pp. 596–598. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 425; McCauley 1998, p. 178; Taubman 2017, pp. 519–520. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 183–185; Taubman 2017, pp. 521–524. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 185–186; Taubman 2017, p. 529. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 188; Taubman 2017, p. 533. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 193–194; Taubman 2017, pp. 534–535. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 199–200; Taubman 2017, p. 575. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 208; Taubman 2017, pp. 577–578. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 209–210; Taubman 2017, p. 579. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 206–207; Taubman 2017, p. 580. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 233; Taubman 2017, pp. 602, 605. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 235; Taubman 2017, pp. 607–608. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 237; Taubman 2017, p. 610. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 237–238; Taubman 2017, p. 611. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 244; Taubman 2017, p. 621. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 239; Taubman 2017, p. 621. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 244; Taubman 2017, p. 622. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 248–249; Taubman 2017, pp. 631–632. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 249; Taubman 2017, p. 633. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 252; Taubman 2017, p. 627. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 253; Taubman 2017, pp. 628–629. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 254–255; Taubman 2017, pp. 629–630. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 255; Taubman 2017, p. 630. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 256; Taubman 2017, p. 625. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 257; Taubman 2017, p. 645. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 258. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 258; Taubman 2017, pp. 651, 654. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 258–259; Taubman 2017, p. 664. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 262–263. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 264. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 265. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 220. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 259. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 18. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 22; McCauley 1998, pp. 23, 273; Taubman 2017, pp. 5, 689. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 51. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 270; Taubman 2017, p. 229. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, pp. 268–269. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 161; Taubman 2017, pp. 134, 135. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
McCauley 1998, p. 273. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 161. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 286; McCauley 1998, p. 138. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 267. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 278–279. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
Bunce 1992, p. 205; McCauley 1998, p. 275. Bunce, Valerie (1992). "On Gorbachev". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 19 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1163/187633292X00108. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 197. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, p. 276. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
McCauley 1998, pp. 257–258. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Gorbachev sets up Russia movement". BBC News. 20 October 2007. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
"Reagan funeral guest list". BBC News. 10 June 2004. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.

bbc.co.uk

"Gorbachev says Putin 'castrated' democracy in Russia". BBC News. 18 August 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2011.

bbc.com

Plummer, Robert (1 September 2022). "Putin will not attend Gorbachev's funeral". BBC. Retrieved 1 September 2022. Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Mr Putin's work schedule would not permit him to attend the event [i.e. Gorbachev's funeral] on Saturday.

books.google.com

Chiesa, Giulietto (1991). Time of Change: An Insider's View of Russia's Transformation. I. B. Tauris. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-85043-305-7. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
Hosking, Geoffrey Alan (1991). The Awakening of the Soviet Union. Harvard University Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-674-05551-3. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.; Sullivan, Paige (1997). Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-1-56324637-1. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.

britannica.com

"1991 Soviet coup attempt | Facts, Results, & Significance | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.

broadwayworld.com

Arutyunyan, Ani (7 July 2021). "Review: Gorbachev at The State Theatre Of Nations". BroadwayWorld. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021. The production runs from October, 2020. Next dates: 8 September 2021

cbsnews.com

"Gorbachev says U.S. became 'arrogant' after Soviet Union collapsed". CBS News. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.

chicagotribune.com

Rodriguez, Alex (23 March 2008). "Gorbachev a closet Christian?". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

civilrightsmuseum.org

"NCRM: Freedom Awards Winners". Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.

cnbc.com

Ellyatt, Holly (22 October 2018). "Gorbachev says Trump's nuclear treaty withdrawal 'not the work of a great mind'". CNBC. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

cnn.com

Cullinane, Susannah; Smith-Spark, Laura (30 August 2022). "Mikhail Gorbachev, former Soviet president who took down the Iron Curtain, dies". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

csmonitor.com

"Mikhail Gorbachev says Putin should not run for Russian presidency again". The Christian Science Monitor. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
"Gorbachev: Ukraine could explode into 'hot war' between Russia and the West". The Monitor. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

dalailama.com

Condolences Regarding Mikhail Gorbachev, dalailama.com, 31 August 2022

deadline.com

Mikhail Gorbachev Dies: Last Leader Of Soviet Union Was 91, by Ted Johnson and Erik Pedersen; at Deadline.com; published August 30, 2022; retrieved April 11, 2024

derstandard.at

""Perestroika in den ÖBB"? – Michail Gorbatschow dreht für die ÖBB einen Werbefilm". Der Standard (in Austrian German). Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.

dictionary.com

"Gorbachev" Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.

dni.ru

Ерохина, Алена (31 August 2022). "Гемодиализ и ухудшение состояния: Подробности смерти Михаила Горбачева". dni.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

doi.org

Tarschys 1993, p. 16; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 187–188; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 86; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 19; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, p. 188; Tarschys 1993, p. 20. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247.
Tarschys 1993, p. 22; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 238. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, pp. 233, 238. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 413; McCauley 1998, p. 159; Taubman 2017, pp. 504–505; Tuminez 2003, p. 117. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
McCauley 1998, p. 130; Taubman 2017, pp. 436–437; Tuminez 2003, p. 119. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
Bunce 1992, p. 201. Bunce, Valerie (1992). "On Gorbachev". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 19 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1163/187633292X00108.
Gooding 1990, p. 197. Gooding, John (1990). "Gorbachev and Democracy". Soviet Studies. 42 (2): 195–231. doi:10.1080/09668139008411864. JSTOR 152078.
Gooding 1990, p. 195. Gooding, John (1990). "Gorbachev and Democracy". Soviet Studies. 42 (2): 195–231. doi:10.1080/09668139008411864. JSTOR 152078.
Gooding 1990, p. 202. Gooding, John (1990). "Gorbachev and Democracy". Soviet Studies. 42 (2): 195–231. doi:10.1080/09668139008411864. JSTOR 152078.
Bunce 1992, p. 205. Bunce, Valerie (1992). "On Gorbachev". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 19 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1163/187633292X00108.
Bunce 1992, p. 205; McCauley 1998, p. 275. Bunce, Valerie (1992). "On Gorbachev". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 19 (1): 199–206. doi:10.1163/187633292X00108. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.

dublincity.ie

"Previous Recipients of Keys to the City". dublincity.ie. Dublin City Council. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.

dw-world.de

"Reunification Politicians Accept Prize". Deutsche Welle. 17 June 2005. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2006.

dw.com

"The January bloodbath in Lithuania 25 years on". Deutsche Welle. 13 January 2021.

dw.de

"Former Soviet leader Gorbachev warns against 'new Cold War' in Ukraine crisis". Deutsche Welle. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.

euronews.com

Askew, Joshua (31 August 2022). "'Man of peace': How has Europe reacted to Gorbachev's death?". euronews. Retrieved 31 August 2022.

fakty.ua

"Михаил Горбачев попал в больницу: что известно о его состоянии". fakty.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2 September 2022.

forbes.ru

"Mikhail Gorbachev was hospitalized in the Central Clinical Hospital". Forbes.ru (in Russian). 11 June 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

foreignaffairs.com

Bialer, Seweryn; Afferica, Joan (1985). "The Genesis of Gorbachev's World". Foreign Affairs. No. America and the World 1985. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

foreignpolicy.com

Musgrave, Paul (28 November 2019). "Mikhail Gorbachev's Pizza Hut Thanksgiving Miracle". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.

fundacionyuste.org

"Mikhail Gorbachev". European Academy of Yuste Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.

ghostarchive.org

Blomfield, Adrian; Smith, Mike (6 May 2008). "Gorbachev: US could start new Cold War". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
Buchanan, Rose Troup (9 November 2014). "Mikhail Gorbachev warns global powers have put the world 'on the brink of a new Cold War'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
Worley, Will (9 July 2016). "Mikhail Gorbachev says Nato is escalating Cold War with Russia 'into a hot one'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

globalnews.ca

"Mikhail Gorbachev: World leaders react to death of last Soviet leader". Global News. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.

gorby.ru

"Заявление Президента СССР М. С. Горбачёва 9 декабря 1991" (PDF). gorby.ru. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
"Gorbachev: The West and Russia must defrost relations before it is too late. Talks are vital, but neither side needs to lose face, says ex-Soviet leader". The Gorbachev Foundation. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
"Statement of the Gorbachev Foundation". The Gorbachev Foundation. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

grawemeyer.org

"1994– Mikhail Gorbachev". Archived from the original on 13 October 2011.

huffingtonpost.com

Pitney, Nico. "Gorbachev Vows Revolution If New Orleans Levees Don't Improve". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007.

illuminats.ru

"Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991)". illuminats.ru. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2020.

independent.co.uk

Buchanan, Rose Troup (9 November 2014). "Mikhail Gorbachev warns global powers have put the world 'on the brink of a new Cold War'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
Worley, Will (9 July 2016). "Mikhail Gorbachev says Nato is escalating Cold War with Russia 'into a hot one'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

interfax.ru

"Горбачев увидел угрозу судьбе США как государства" (in Russian). Interfax. 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021. По его мнению, произошедшие в Вашингтоне беспорядки "поставили под вопрос дальнейшую судьбу США как государства". [In Gorbachev's opinion, the riots that took place in Washington "called into question the future fate of the United States as a nation".]
"Горбачев находится в Германии на плановом обследовании в одной из клиник". Interfax.ru (in Russian). 22 October 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

jstor.org

Tarschys 1993, p. 16; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 187–188; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 86; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 19; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, p. 188; Tarschys 1993, p. 20. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247.
Tarschys 1993, p. 22; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 238. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, pp. 233, 238. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Doder & Branson 1990, p. 413; McCauley 1998, p. 159; Taubman 2017, pp. 504–505; Tuminez 2003, p. 117. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
McCauley 1998, p. 130; Taubman 2017, pp. 436–437; Tuminez 2003, p. 119. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
Gooding 1990, p. 197. Gooding, John (1990). "Gorbachev and Democracy". Soviet Studies. 42 (2): 195–231. doi:10.1080/09668139008411864. JSTOR 152078.
Gooding 1990, p. 195. Gooding, John (1990). "Gorbachev and Democracy". Soviet Studies. 42 (2): 195–231. doi:10.1080/09668139008411864. JSTOR 152078.
Gooding 1990, p. 202. Gooding, John (1990). "Gorbachev and Democracy". Soviet Studies. 42 (2): 195–231. doi:10.1080/09668139008411864. JSTOR 152078.

kommersant.ru

"Путин простился с Горбачевым в ЦКБ". kommersant.ru (in Russian). 1 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

kremlin.ru

"Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169". Президент России. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
"Владимир Путин простился с Михаилом Горбачёвым". Президент России (in Russian). September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

levada.ru

"ПРАВИТЕЛИ". levada.ru. 15 February 2017. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.

meduza.io

"Suing Gorbachev 31 years after the USSR's collapse, a group of Lithuanians sought to hold its last leader to account". Meduza. 3 October 2022.

merriam-webster.com

"Gorbachev". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 4 February 2019.

mk.ru

"СМИ: перед смертью Горбачев похудел на 40 кг". mk.ru (in Russian). 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
"Опубликованы кадры прощания Путина с Горбачевым". mk.ru (in Russian). September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

newsweek.com

Sharkov, Damian (26 May 2016). "Mikhail Gorbachev Banned from Ukraine after Crimea Comments". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tarschys 1993, p. 16; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 187–188; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 86; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 19; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 22; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 238. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, pp. 233, 238. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tarschys 1993, p. 16; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 187–188; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 86; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 19; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 22; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 238. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, pp. 233, 238. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.

nobelprize.org

"The Nobel Peace Prize 1990". Nobel Foundation. 15 October 1990. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.

nydailynews.com

"Gorbachev buried in Moscow in funeral snubbed by Putin". Daily News. New York. 3 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.

nytimes.com

Clines, Francis X. (22 December 1991). "11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2019..
"End of the Soviet Union: Text of Gorbachev's Farewell Address". The New York Times. 26 December 1991. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Gorbachev, Mikhail (19 August 2008). "Russia Never Wanted a War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Kulish, Nicholas; Dempsey, Judy (9 November 2009). "Leaders in Berlin Retrace the Walk West". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Berger, Marilyn (30 August 2022). "Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Reformist Soviet Leader, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

openedition.org

books.openedition.org

Savranskaya, Svetlana; Blanton, Thomas; Zubok, Vladislav (2010). "Document No. 119: Record of Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and James Baker, February 9, 1990". MASTERPIECES OF HISTORY. National Security Archive Cold War Readers. Central European University Press. pp. 675–684. ISBN 9786155211881.

oxforddictionaries.com

en.oxforddictionaries.com

"Gorbachev, Mikhail" Archived 13 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 4 February 2019

pbs.org

"Oral History – Mikhail Gorbachev". PBS. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.

pentatonemusic.com

"Prokofiev Peter and the Wolf – Beintus Wolf Tracks". Pentatone. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

politico.com

Nelson, Louis (20 April 2017). "Gorbachev throws shade at Putin: 'Russia can succeed only through democracy'". Politico. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

politico.eu

Adkins, William (20 January 2021). "Gorbachev: US-Russia relations of 'great concern' but salvageable". Politico. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.

presidencia.pt

ordens.presidencia.pt

"CIDADÃOS ESTRANGEIROS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS – Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas". ordens.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2017.

radiokp.ru

Вишнева, Светлана (20 June 2022). "Представитель Горбачева подтвердил наличие проблем с почками у политика". radiokp.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2022.

rbc.ru

"Последний президент СССР Михаил Горбачев госпитализирован". РБК (in Russian). 9 October 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
"Михаил Горбачев попал в больницу". РБК (in Russian). 28 May 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
"Горбачеву сделали операцию на сердце". РБК (in Russian). Retrieved 2 September 2022.
"Горбачев попал в больницу с воспалением легких". РБК (in Russian). 19 December 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

rbth.com

"Mikhail Gorbachev: I am against all walls". Russia Beyond. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.

reaganfoundation.org

"Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library". Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2007.

reuters.com

"Obama met Gorbachev in run-up to Medvedev talks". Reuters. 23 March 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Ljunggren, David (30 August 2022). "Last Soviet leader Gorbachev, who ended Cold War and won Nobel prize, dies aged 91". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
"Russia's Putin expresses deepest condolences on death of Gorbachev -Interfax". Reuters. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
"Global reactions to the death of last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev". Reuters. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
"West mourns Gorbachev the peacemaker, Russia recalls his failures". Reuters. 31 August 2022.
"Reactions to the death of last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev". Reuters. 31 August 2022.

rferl.org

Eckel, Mike (20 May 2021). "Did The West Promise Moscow That NATO Would Not Expand? Well, It's Complicated". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

rg.ru

"Михаил Горбачев перенес сложную операцию на позвоночнике". Российская газета (in Russian). 14 April 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

rtvi.com

Сарджвеладзе, София (31 August 2022). "Прощание с Горбачевым пройдет 3 сентября в Колонном зале". Главные события в России и мире | RTVI (in Russian). Retrieved 3 September 2022.

rumble.com

Kangarooo (8 September 2022). Theatre play "Gorbachev" спектакл "Горбачёв" about Mikhail Gorbachev Михаил Горбачёв – via Rumble.

ruspravo.org

"Page 1. Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I "О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом"". 7 December 2013. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Doder & Branson 1990, p. 413; McCauley 1998, p. 159; Taubman 2017, pp. 504–505; Tuminez 2003, p. 117. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.
McCauley 1998, p. 130; Taubman 2017, pp. 436–437; Tuminez 2003, p. 119. McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9. Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8. Tuminez, Astrid S. (2003). "Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 5 (4): 81–136. doi:10.1162/152039703322483765. JSTOR 26925339. S2CID 57565508.

solenka.info

Родионов, Эдуард (24 July 2022). "Первый президент СССР Горбачёв прокомментировал спецоперацию – Solenka.info – Мировые новости и светская хроника шоу-бизнеса". solenka.info (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

sonnenseite.com

"Mikhail Gorbachev: "Never again war"". Sonnenseite. 13 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.

sptimesrussia.com

Odynova, Alexandra (19 June 2009). "Former Soviet Leader Gorbachev Records Album". Saint Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2009.

starhit.ru

"Михаил Горбачев: 12 неизвестных фактов из жизни политика | StarHit.ru". www.starhit.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2 September 2022.

tass.ru

"Источник: ухудшения здоровья Горбачева нет" [Source: no deterioration in Gorbachev's health] (in Russian). TASS. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

telegraph.co.uk

Blomfield, Adrian; Smith, Mike (6 May 2008). "Gorbachev: US could start new Cold War". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2015.

telegraphherald.com

Zemlianichenko, Alexander (3 September 2022). "Gorbachev buried in Moscow in funeral snubbed by Putin". TelegraphHerald.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.

thegamer.com

Wojnar, Jason (21 November 2020). "10 Unintentionally Hilarious Things About Call Of Duty: Black Ops Cold War". TheGamer. Retrieved 4 September 2024.

theguardian.com

Gray, Sadie (30 September 2008). "Gorbachev launches political party with Russian billionaire". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
Johnston, Chris (9 November 2014). "Mikhail Gorbachev: world on brink of new cold war over Ukraine". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
"How Gorbachev's political legacy was destroyed by Putin". The Guardian. 30 August 2022.
"Mikhail Gorbachev, former Soviet leader, dies – global reaction". The Guardian. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
Boffey, Daniel (8 September 2022). "Elizabeth II enjoyed robust health throughout long reign". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 September 2022.

themoscowtimes.com

Latypova, Leyla (31 August 2022). "Praise and Blame: How Russia Reacted to the Death of Gorbachev". Moscow Times.
"Praise and Blame: How Russia Reacted to the Death of Gorbachev". Moscow Times. 31 August 2022.

topnews.ru

Сокол, Ирина (31 August 2022). "Похудел на 40 кг: опубликовано последнее фото Михаила Горбачева – TOPNews.RU". topnews.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

uawarexplained.com

"Gorbachev's "Perestroika" as the beginning of the end of the empire". UaWarExplained.com. 29 March 2022. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

upi.com

"The first advertisement to feature Mikhail Gorbachev will also..." United Press International. 7 October 1994. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
Haynes, Danielle (18 March 2014). "Mikhail Gorbachev hails Crimea annexation to Russia". United Press International. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.

vk.com

"Message from Her Majesty the Queen to the Russian People". British Embassy Moscow. 2 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.

voanews.com

"Former Soviet Leader Gorbachev Lauds George HW Bush for Political Abilities, Character". VOA. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

washingtonpost.com

Gorbachev, Mikhail (12 August 2008). "A Path to Peace in the Caucasus". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
"Biden, Putin and other leaders react to Mikhail Gorbachev's death". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
O’Sullivan, Michael (22 March 2023). "'Tetris': A heady Cold War thriller about the fight over a video game". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 November 2023.

web.archive.org

"Gorbachev" Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
"Gorbachev, Mikhail" Archived 13 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 4 February 2019
"Gorbachev's "Perestroika" as the beginning of the end of the empire". UaWarExplained.com. 29 March 2022. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
Chiesa, Giulietto (1991). Time of Change: An Insider's View of Russia's Transformation. I. B. Tauris. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-85043-305-7. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
Hosking, Geoffrey Alan (1991). The Awakening of the Soviet Union. Harvard University Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-674-05551-3. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
"Mikhail Gorbachev: I am against all walls". Russia Beyond. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
"Oral History – Mikhail Gorbachev". PBS. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
"Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991)". illuminats.ru. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
"Page 1. Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I "О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом"". 7 December 2013. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013.
"Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169". Президент России. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
"Заявление Президента СССР М. С. Горбачёва 9 декабря 1991" (PDF). gorby.ru. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Clines, Francis X. (22 December 1991). "11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2019..
"End of the Soviet Union: Text of Gorbachev's Farewell Address". The New York Times. 26 December 1991. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.; Sullivan, Paige (1997). Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-1-56324637-1. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
""Perestroika in den ÖBB"? – Michail Gorbatschow dreht für die ÖBB einen Werbefilm". Der Standard (in Austrian German). Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
"The first advertisement to feature Mikhail Gorbachev will also..." United Press International. 7 October 1994. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
Musgrave, Paul (28 November 2019). "Mikhail Gorbachev's Pizza Hut Thanksgiving Miracle". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
"Russia Bans Party Founded by Gorbachev". MosNews. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 23 April 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
"Gorbachev sets up Russia movement". BBC News. 20 October 2007. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
"Reagan funeral guest list". BBC News. 10 June 2004. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Pitney, Nico. "Gorbachev Vows Revolution If New Orleans Levees Don't Improve". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
Gray, Sadie (30 September 2008). "Gorbachev launches political party with Russian billionaire". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
"Mikhail Gorbachev will found new political party". mosnews.com. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2009.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Gorbachev, Mikhail (12 August 2008). "A Path to Peace in the Caucasus". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
Gorbachev, Mikhail (19 August 2008). "Russia Never Wanted a War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Odynova, Alexandra (19 June 2009). "Former Soviet Leader Gorbachev Records Album". Saint Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
"Obama met Gorbachev in run-up to Medvedev talks". Reuters. 23 March 2009. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
Kulish, Nicholas; Dempsey, Judy (9 November 2009). "Leaders in Berlin Retrace the Walk West". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
"Mikhail Gorbachev says Putin should not run for Russian presidency again". The Christian Science Monitor. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
"Gorbachev says Putin 'castrated' democracy in Russia". BBC News. 18 August 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Haynes, Danielle (18 March 2014). "Mikhail Gorbachev hails Crimea annexation to Russia". United Press International. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
"Former Soviet leader Gorbachev warns against 'new Cold War' in Ukraine crisis". Deutsche Welle. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
Sharkov, Damian (26 May 2016). "Mikhail Gorbachev Banned from Ukraine after Crimea Comments". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Nelson, Louis (20 April 2017). "Gorbachev throws shade at Putin: 'Russia can succeed only through democracy'". Politico. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Johnston, Chris (9 November 2014). "Mikhail Gorbachev: world on brink of new cold war over Ukraine". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
"Gorbachev: Ukraine could explode into 'hot war' between Russia and the West". The Monitor. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
"Gorbachev: The West and Russia must defrost relations before it is too late. Talks are vital, but neither side needs to lose face, says ex-Soviet leader". The Gorbachev Foundation. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
"Mikhail Gorbachev: "Never again war"". Sonnenseite. 13 March 2022. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
"The Latest: Gorbachev has high hopes for Putin-Trump summit". Associated Press News. 28 June 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Ellyatt, Holly (22 October 2018). "Gorbachev says Trump's nuclear treaty withdrawal 'not the work of a great mind'". CNBC. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
"Former Soviet Leader Gorbachev Lauds George HW Bush for Political Abilities, Character". VOA. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
"Горбачев увидел угрозу судьбе США как государства" (in Russian). Interfax. 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021. По его мнению, произошедшие в Вашингтоне беспорядки "поставили под вопрос дальнейшую судьбу США как государства". [In Gorbachev's opinion, the riots that took place in Washington "called into question the future fate of the United States as a nation".]
Adkins, William (20 January 2021). "Gorbachev: US-Russia relations of 'great concern' but salvageable". Politico. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
"Gorbachev says U.S. became 'arrogant' after Soviet Union collapsed". CBS News. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
"Statement of the Gorbachev Foundation". The Gorbachev Foundation. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
Родионов, Эдуард (24 July 2022). "Первый президент СССР Горбачёв прокомментировал спецоперацию – Solenka.info – Мировые новости и светская хроника шоу-бизнеса". solenka.info (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
Rodriguez, Alex (23 March 2008). "Gorbachev a closet Christian?". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
Ljunggren, David (30 August 2022). "Last Soviet leader Gorbachev, who ended Cold War and won Nobel prize, dies aged 91". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
Cullinane, Susannah; Smith-Spark, Laura (30 August 2022). "Mikhail Gorbachev, former Soviet president who took down the Iron Curtain, dies". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
Ерохина, Алена (31 August 2022). "Гемодиализ и ухудшение состояния: Подробности смерти Михаила Горбачева". dni.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
Сокол, Ирина (31 August 2022). "Похудел на 40 кг: опубликовано последнее фото Михаила Горбачева – TOPNews.RU". topnews.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
Naina, Yeltsina (31 August 2022). "Наина Ельцина – о Михаиле Горбачёве" [Naina Yeltsina – About Mikhail Gorbachev]. Yeltsin Center (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
"ПРАВИТЕЛИ". levada.ru. 15 February 2017. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
Berger, Marilyn (30 August 2022). "Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Reformist Soviet Leader, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
"The Nobel Peace Prize 1990". Nobel Foundation. 15 October 1990. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
"Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library". Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
"1994– Mikhail Gorbachev". Archived from the original on 13 October 2011.
"CIDADÃOS ESTRANGEIROS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS – Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas". ordens.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
"NCRM: Freedom Awards Winners". Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
"Previous Recipients of Keys to the City". dublincity.ie. Dublin City Council. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
"Mikhail Gorbachev". European Academy of Yuste Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
"Prokofiev Peter and the Wolf – Beintus Wolf Tracks". Pentatone. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
"Reunification Politicians Accept Prize". Deutsche Welle. 17 June 2005. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2006.
Arutyunyan, Ani (7 July 2021). "Review: Gorbachev at The State Theatre Of Nations". BroadwayWorld. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021. The production runs from October, 2020. Next dates: 8 September 2021

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

UK: /ˈɡɔːrbətʃɒf, ˌɡɔːrbəˈtʃɒf/, US: /-tʃɔːf, -tʃɛf/;^[1]^[2]^[3] Russian: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв, romanized: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪdʑ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf] ^ⓘ

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Bialer, Seweryn; Afferica, Joan (1985). "The Genesis of Gorbachev's World". Foreign Affairs. No. America and the World 1985. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
Tarschys 1993, p. 16; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Medvedev 1986, pp. 187–188; Doder & Branson 1990, p. 86; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4. Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 19; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 236. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Tarschys 1993, p. 22; Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, p. 238. Tarschys, Daniel (1993). "The Success of a Failure: Gorbachev's Alcohol Policy, 1985–88". Europe-Asia Studies. 45 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1080/09668139308412074. JSTOR 153247. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
Bhattacharya, Gathmann & Miller 2013, pp. 233, 238. Bhattacharya, Jay; Gathmann, Christina; Miller, Grant (2013). "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 5 (2): 232–260. doi:10.1257/app.5.2.232. ISSN 1945-7790. JSTOR 43189436. PMC 3818525. PMID 24224067.
"Biden, Putin and other leaders react to Mikhail Gorbachev's death". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
Berger, Marilyn (30 August 2022). "Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Reformist Soviet Leader, Is Dead at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

yeltsin.ru

Naina, Yeltsina (31 August 2022). "Наина Ельцина – о Михаиле Горбачёве" [Naina Yeltsina – About Mikhail Gorbachev]. Yeltsin Center (in Russian). Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.