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Milky Way (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Milky Way" in English language version.

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145harvard.edu
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129doi.org
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121web.archive.org
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110arxiv.org
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103semanticscholar.org
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19books.google.com
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19nih.gov
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12nasa.gov
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11worldcat.org
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4universetoday.com
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3nature.com
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3caltech.edu
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2sciencealert.com
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2scientificamerican.com
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2nationalgeographic.com
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2newscientist.com
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1britannica.com
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1earthsky.org
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1solstation.com
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1discovery.com
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1berkeley.edu
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  • Brown, William P. (2010). The Seven Pillars of Creation: The Bible, Science, and the Ecology of Wonder. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-19-973079-7. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  • MacBeath, Alastair (1999). Tiamat's Brood: An Investigation Into the Dragons of Ancient Mesopotamia. Dragon's Head. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-9524387-5-5. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  • Leeming, David Adams (1998). Mythology: The Voyage of the Hero (Third ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-19-511957-2. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  • Pache, Corinne Ondine (2010). "Hercules". In Gargarin, Michael; Fantham, Elaine (eds.). Ancient Greece and Rome. Vol. 1: Academy-Bible. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 400. ISBN 978-0-19-538839-8. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  • Harris, Mike (2011). Awen: The Quest of the Celtic Mysteries. Skylight Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-908011-36-7. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved May 13, 2022. The stars of the Corona Borealis, the Caer Arianrhod, as it is called in Welsh, whose shape is remembered in certain Bronze Age circles
  • Jankowski, Connie (2010). Pioneers of Light and Sound. Compass Point Books. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7565-4306-8. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016.
  • Eratosthenes (1997). Condos, Theony (ed.). Star Myths of the Greeks and Romans: A Sourcebook Containing the Constellations of Pseudo-Eratosthenes and the Poetic Astronomy of Hyginus. Red Wheel/Weiser. ISBN 978-1-890482-93-0. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016.
  • Pasachoff, Jay M.; Filippenko, Alex (2013). The Cosmos: Astronomy in the New Millennium. Cambridge University Press. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-107-68756-1. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
  • Immanuel Kant, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine [General Natural History and Theory of Heaven], (Koenigsberg and Leipzig, (Germany): Johann Friederich Petersen, 1755). On pages 2–3, Kant acknowledged his debt to Thomas Wright: "Dem Herrn Wright von Durham, einen Engeländer, war es vorbehalten, einen glücklichen Schritt zu einer Bemerkung zu thun, welche von ihm selber zu keiner gar zu tüchtigen Absicht gebraucht zu seyn scheinet, und deren nützliche Anwendung er nicht genugsam beobachtet hat. Er betrachtete die Fixsterne nicht als ein ungeordnetes und ohne Absicht zerstreutes Gewimmel, sondern er fand eine systematische Verfassung im Ganzen, und eine allgemeine Beziehung dieser Gestirne gegen einen Hauptplan der Raume, die sie einnehmen." ("To Mr. Wright of Durham, an Englishman, it was reserved to take a happy step towards an observation, which seemed, to him and to no one else, to be needed for a clever idea, the exploitation of which he has not studied sufficiently. He regarded the fixed stars not as a disorganized swarm that was scattered without a design; rather, he found a systematic shape in the whole, and a general relation between these stars and the principal plane of the space that they occupy.")
  • Kant (1755), pages xxxiii–xxxvi of the Preface (Vorrede): Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine: "Ich betrachtete die Art neblichter Sterne, deren Herr von Maupertuis in der Abhandlung von der Figur der Gestirne gedenket, und die die Figur von mehr oder weniger offenen Ellipsen vorstellen, und versicherte mich leicht, daß sie nichts anders als eine Häufung vieler Fixsterne seyn können. Die jederzeit abgemessene Rundung dieser Figuren belehrte mich, daß hier ein unbegreiflich zahlreiches Sternenheer, und zwar um einen gemeinschaftlichen Mittelpunkt, müste geordnet seyn, weil sonst ihre freye Stellungen gegen einander, wohl irreguläre Gestalten, aber nicht abgemessene Figuren vorstellen würden. Ich sahe auch ein: daß sie in dem System, darinn sie sich vereinigt befinden, vornemlich auf eine Fläche beschränkt seyn müßten, weil sie nicht zirkelrunde, sondern elliptische Figuren abbilden, und daß sie wegen ihres blassen Lichts unbegreiflich weit von uns abstehen." ("I considered the type of nebulous stars, which Mr. de Maupertuis considered in his treatise on the shape of stars, and which present the figures of more or less open ellipses, and I readily assured myself, that they could be nothing else than a cluster of fixed stars. That these figures always measured round informed me that here an inconceivably numerous host of stars, [which were clustered] around a common center, must be orderly, because otherwise their free positions among each other would probably present irregular forms, not measurable figures. I also realized: that in the system in which they find themselves bound, they must be restricted primarily to a plane, because they display not circular, but elliptical figures, and that on account of their faint light, they are located inconceivably far from us.")
  • The term Weltinsel (world island) appears nowhere in Kant's book of 1755. The term first appeared in 1850, in the third volume of von Humboldt's Kosmos: Alexander von Humboldt, Kosmos, vol. 3 (Stuttgart & Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1850), pp. 187, 189. From p. 187: Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine "Thomas Wright von Durham, Kant, Lambert und zuerst auch William Herschel waren geneigt die Gestalt der Milchstraße und die scheinbare Anhäufung der Sterne in derselben als eine Folge der abgeplatteten Gestalt und ungleichen Dimensionen der Weltinsel (Sternschict) zu betrachten, in welche unser Sonnensystem eingeschlossen ist." ("Thomas Wright of Durham, Kant, Lambert and at first also William Herschel were inclined to regard the shape of the Milky Way and the apparent clustering of stars in it as a consequence of the oblate shape and unequal dimensions of the world island (star stratum), in which our solar system is included.)
    In the English translation – Alexander von Humboldt with E. C. Otté, trans., Cosmos ... (New York City: Harper & Brothers, 1897), vols. 3–5. see p. 147 Archived November 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  • The term Weltinsel (world island) appears nowhere in Kant's book of 1755. The term first appeared in 1850, in the third volume of von Humboldt's Kosmos: Alexander von Humboldt, Kosmos, vol. 3 (Stuttgart & Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1850), pp. 187, 189. From p. 187: Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine "Thomas Wright von Durham, Kant, Lambert und zuerst auch William Herschel waren geneigt die Gestalt der Milchstraße und die scheinbare Anhäufung der Sterne in derselben als eine Folge der abgeplatteten Gestalt und ungleichen Dimensionen der Weltinsel (Sternschict) zu betrachten, in welche unser Sonnensystem eingeschlossen ist." ("Thomas Wright of Durham, Kant, Lambert and at first also William Herschel were inclined to regard the shape of the Milky Way and the apparent clustering of stars in it as a consequence of the oblate shape and unequal dimensions of the world island (star stratum), in which our solar system is included.)
    In the English translation – Alexander von Humboldt with E. C. Otté, trans., Cosmos ... (New York City: Harper & Brothers, 1897), vols. 3–5. see p. 147 Archived November 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  • Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin (2014). Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-139-49522-6. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017.
  • Wilson, Thomas L.; et al. (2009), Tools of Radio Astronomy, Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-3-540-85121-9, archived from the original on April 26, 2016
  • Jones, Mark H.; Lambourne, Robert J.; Adams, David John (2004). An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-521-54623-2. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  • Frolov, Valeri P.; Zelnikov, Andrei (2011). Introduction to Black Hole Physics. Oxford University Press. pp. 11, 36. ISBN 978-0-19-969229-3. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016.
  • Peter Schneider (2006). Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology. Springer. page 4, Fig. 1.4. ISBN 978-3-540-33174-2. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  • Jones, Mark H.; Lambourne, Robert J.; Adams, David John (2004). An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology. Cambridge University Press. p. 21; Fig. 1.13. ISBN 978-0-521-54623-2. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  • Peter Schneider (2006). Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology. Springer. p. 413. ISBN 978-3-540-33174-2. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved October 27, 2020.

britannica.com

bu.edu

caltech.edu

ned.ipac.caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

cea.fr

discovermagazine.com

discovery.com

news.discovery.com

doi.org

earthsky.org

esa.int

cosmos.esa.int

etymonline.com

eurekalert.org

fcac.org

members.fcac.org

gmu.edu

physics.gmu.edu

  • Evans, J. C. (November 24, 1998). "Our Galaxy". George Mason University. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2007.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

  • The term Weltinsel (world island) appears nowhere in Kant's book of 1755. The term first appeared in 1850, in the third volume of von Humboldt's Kosmos: Alexander von Humboldt, Kosmos, vol. 3 (Stuttgart & Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1850), pp. 187, 189. From p. 187: Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine "Thomas Wright von Durham, Kant, Lambert und zuerst auch William Herschel waren geneigt die Gestalt der Milchstraße und die scheinbare Anhäufung der Sterne in derselben als eine Folge der abgeplatteten Gestalt und ungleichen Dimensionen der Weltinsel (Sternschict) zu betrachten, in welche unser Sonnensystem eingeschlossen ist." ("Thomas Wright of Durham, Kant, Lambert and at first also William Herschel were inclined to regard the shape of the Milky Way and the apparent clustering of stars in it as a consequence of the oblate shape and unequal dimensions of the world island (star stratum), in which our solar system is included.)
    In the English translation – Alexander von Humboldt with E. C. Otté, trans., Cosmos ... (New York City: Harper & Brothers, 1897), vols. 3–5. see p. 147 Archived November 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  • The term Weltinsel (world island) appears nowhere in Kant's book of 1755. The term first appeared in 1850, in the third volume of von Humboldt's Kosmos: Alexander von Humboldt, Kosmos, vol. 3 (Stuttgart & Tübingen, (Germany): J. G. Cotta, 1850), pp. 187, 189. From p. 187: Archived November 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine "Thomas Wright von Durham, Kant, Lambert und zuerst auch William Herschel waren geneigt die Gestalt der Milchstraße und die scheinbare Anhäufung der Sterne in derselben als eine Folge der abgeplatteten Gestalt und ungleichen Dimensionen der Weltinsel (Sternschict) zu betrachten, in welche unser Sonnensystem eingeschlossen ist." ("Thomas Wright of Durham, Kant, Lambert and at first also William Herschel were inclined to regard the shape of the Milky Way and the apparent clustering of stars in it as a consequence of the oblate shape and unequal dimensions of the world island (star stratum), in which our solar system is included.)
    In the English translation – Alexander von Humboldt with E. C. Otté, trans., Cosmos ... (New York City: Harper & Brothers, 1897), vols. 3–5. see p. 147 Archived November 6, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
  • See:
    • Rosse revealed the spiral structure of Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) at the 1845 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Rosse's illustration of M51 was reproduced in J. P. Nichol's book of 1846.
      • Rosse, Earl of (1846). "On the nebula 25 Herschel, or 61 [should read: 51] of Messier's catalogue". Report of the Fifteenth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Cambridge in June 1845 § Notices and Abstracts of Miscellaneous Communications to the Sections. Report of the ... Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1833): 4. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
      • See:
        • Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius (1906). "Statistical methods in stellar astronomy". In Rogers, Howard J. (ed.). Congress of Arts and Science, Universal Exposition, St. Louis, 1904. Vol. 4. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. pp. 396–425. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
        • See:
          • Schwarzschild, K. (1907). "Ueber die Eigenbewegungen der Fixsterne" [On the proper motions of the fixed stars]. Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (Reports of the Royal Society of Science at Göttingen) (in German). 5: 614–632. Bibcode:1907NWGot...5..614S. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2020.

hubblesite.org

huffingtonpost.com

hypertextbook.com

jhu.edu

hub.jhu.edu

jstor.org

  • Livingston, John W. (1971). "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 91 (1): 96–103 [99]. doi:10.2307/600445. JSTOR 600445.

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labbey.com

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leeds.ac.uk

livescience.com

amp.livescience.com

mo-harvard.edu

nap.edu

nasa.gov

nasa.gov

asd.gsfc.nasa.gov

nai.arc.nasa.gov

science.nasa.gov

planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov

heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

nature.com

nbcnews.com

ncregister.com

newscientist.com

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nrao.edu

nso.edu

  • "Magnitude". National Solar Observatory – Sacramento Peak. Archived from the original on February 6, 2008. Retrieved August 9, 2013.

nytimes.com

open.ac.uk

oro.open.ac.uk

oup.com

academic.oup.com

pair.com

sundown.pair.com

phys.org

pipex.com

dspace.dial.pipex.com

powys-lannion.net

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

rpi.edu

news.rpi.edu

rug.nl

astro.rug.nl

science.org

sciencealert.com

sciencenews.org

scientificamerican.com

seds.org

messier.seds.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

si.edu

chandra.si.edu

skyandtelescope.org

snowdonia-npa.gov.uk

solstation.com

space.com

spaceaustralia.com

spacetelescope.org

st-and.ac.uk

www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk

  • O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 2002). "Galileo Galilei". University of St. Andrews. Archived from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
  • O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 2002). "Galileo Galilei". University of St. Andrews. Archived from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2007.

st-andrews.ac.uk

mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

ucalgary.ca

ras.ucalgary.ca

universetoday.com

universityherald.com

utk.edu

csep10.phys.utk.edu

utoronto.ca

news.utoronto.ca

washingtonpost.com

web.archive.org

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worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

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