"the synonymous mutation rate of Kivisild et al. [...] estimates the coalescence time of the mtDNA tree overall at ~160,000 kya [...] We present a revised chronology using the complete mtDNA genome rate and an ML approach for the mtDNA tree in Figure 6, with full details of the age estimates and associated 95% confidence regions in Table S5."[1] See: Supplemental Data.
Endicott P, Ho SY, Metspalu M, Stringer C (September 2009). "Evaluating the mitochondrial timescale of human evolution". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 24 (9): 515–521. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.006. PMID19682765.
Karmin; et al. (2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25 (4): 459–66. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. PMC4381518. PMID25770088. "we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males."
Templeton AR (December 1997). "Out of Africa? What do genes tell us?". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 7 (6): 841–847. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(97)80049-4. PMID9468796.
Parsons TJ, Muniec DS, Sullivan K, Woodyatt N, Alliston-Greiner R, Wilson MR, et al. (April 1997). "A high observed substitution rate in the human mitochondrial DNA control region". Nature Genetics. 15 (4): 363–368. doi:10.1038/ng0497-363. PMID9090380. S2CID32812244.
Cyran KA, Kimmel M (November 2010). "Alternatives to the Wright-Fisher model: the robustness of mitochondrial Eve dating". Theoretical Population Biology. 78 (3): 165–172. doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2010.06.001. PMID20600209.
Endicott P, Ho SY, Metspalu M, Stringer C (September 2009). "Evaluating the mitochondrial timescale of human evolution". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 24 (9): 515–521. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.04.006. PMID19682765.
Karmin; et al. (2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25 (4): 459–66. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. PMC4381518. PMID25770088. "we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males."
Cann RL, Brown WM, Wilson AC (1982). "Evolution of human mitochondrial DNA: a preliminary report". Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 103 Pt A (Pt A): 157–165. PMID6298804.
Templeton AR (December 1997). "Out of Africa? What do genes tell us?". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 7 (6): 841–847. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(97)80049-4. PMID9468796.
Parsons TJ, Muniec DS, Sullivan K, Woodyatt N, Alliston-Greiner R, Wilson MR, et al. (April 1997). "A high observed substitution rate in the human mitochondrial DNA control region". Nature Genetics. 15 (4): 363–368. doi:10.1038/ng0497-363. PMID9090380. S2CID32812244.
Cyran KA, Kimmel M (November 2010). "Alternatives to the Wright-Fisher model: the robustness of mitochondrial Eve dating". Theoretical Population Biology. 78 (3): 165–172. doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2010.06.001. PMID20600209.
Karmin; et al. (2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25 (4): 459–66. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. PMC4381518. PMID25770088. "we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males."
Parsons TJ, Muniec DS, Sullivan K, Woodyatt N, Alliston-Greiner R, Wilson MR, et al. (April 1997). "A high observed substitution rate in the human mitochondrial DNA control region". Nature Genetics. 15 (4): 363–368. doi:10.1038/ng0497-363. PMID9090380. S2CID32812244.
Tierney J (1992). "The Search for Adam and Eve". Newsweek. Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2019 – via Internet Archive.
web.archive.org
Tierney J (1992). "The Search for Adam and Eve". Newsweek. Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2019 – via Internet Archive.
