Molecule (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Molecule" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

13doi.org

2^nd place

13web.archive.org

1^st place

12nih.gov

4^th place

8harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

3archive.org

6^th place

3semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

2iupac.org

538^th place

863^rd place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

1frostburg.edu

low place

1lemoyne.edu

6,850^th place

8,237^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1nobelprize.org

301^st place

478^th place

1caltech.edu

887^th place

714^th place

1phys.org

1,283^rd place

1,130^th place

1phschool.com

low place

1chemteam.info

low place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Brown, T.L.; Kenneth C. Kemp; Theodore L. Brown; Harold Eugene LeMay; Bruce Edward Bursten (2003). Chemistry – the Central Science (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-066997-1.
Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry (6th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-115221-1.
Ley, Willy (June 1966). "The Re-Designed Solar System". For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 94–106.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Campbell, Flake C. (2008). Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys. ASM International. ISBN 978-1-61503-058-3. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
Roger L. DeKock; Harry B. Gray; Harry B. Gray (1989). Chemical structure and bonding. University Science Books. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-935702-61-3. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
Wink, Donald J.; Fetzer-Gislason, Sharon; McNicholas, Sheila (2003). The Practice of Chemistry. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7167-4871-7. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2020.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

global.britannica.com

"Molecule". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2016.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Harry, B. Gray. Chemical Bonds: An Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Structure (PDF). pp. 210–211. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

chemteam.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ChemTeam: Empirical Formula". www.chemteam.info. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Iwata, Kota; Yamazaki, Shiro; Mutombo, Pingo; Hapala, Prokop; Ondráček, Martin; Jelínek, Pavel; Sugimoto, Yoshiaki (2015). "Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature". Nature Communications. 6: 7766. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7766I. doi:10.1038/ncomms8766. PMC 4518281. PMID 26178193.
Dinca, L.E.; De Marchi, F.; MacLeod, J.M.; Lipton-Duffin, J.; Gatti, R.; Ma, D.; Perepichka, D.F.; Rosei, F. (2015). "Pentacene on Ni(111): Room-temperature molecular packing and temperature-activated conversion to graphene". Nanoscale. 7 (7): 3263–9. Bibcode:2015Nanos...7.3263D. doi:10.1039/C4NR07057G. PMID 25619890.
Hapala, Prokop; Švec, Martin; Stetsovych, Oleksandr; Van Der Heijden, Nadine J.; Ondráček, Martin; Van Der Lit, Joost; Mutombo, Pingo; Swart, Ingmar; Jelínek, Pavel (2016). "Mapping the electrostatic force field of single molecules from high-resolution scanning probe images". Nature Communications. 7 11560. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711560H. doi:10.1038/ncomms11560. PMC 4894979. PMID 27230940.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "Molecule". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M04002
Seymour H. Mauskopf (1969). "The Atomic Structural Theories of Ampère and Gaudin: Molecular Speculation and Avogadro's Hypothesis". Isis. 60 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1086/350449. JSTOR 229022. S2CID 143759556.
Heitler, Walter; London, Fritz (1927). "Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik". Zeitschrift für Physik. 44 (6–7): 455–472. Bibcode:1927ZPhy...44..455H. doi:10.1007/BF01397394. S2CID 119739102.
Pauling, Linus (1931). "The nature of the chemical bond. Application of results obtained from the quantum mechanics and from a theory of paramagnetic susceptibility to the structure of molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (4): 1367–1400. Bibcode:1931JAChS..53.1367P. doi:10.1021/ja01355a027.
Chang RL; Deen WM; Robertson CR; Brenner BM (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall: III. Restricted transport of polyanions". Kidney Int. 8 (4): 212–218. doi:10.1038/ki.1975.104. PMID 1202253.
Chang RL; Ueki IF; Troy JL; Deen WM; Robertson CR; Brenner BM (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. II. Experimental studies in rats using neutral dextran". Biophys. J. 15 (9): 887–906. Bibcode:1975BpJ....15..887C. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85863-2. PMC 1334749. PMID 1182263.
Hirsch, Brandon E.; Lee, Semin; Qiao, Bo; Chen, Chun-Hsing; McDonald, Kevin P.; Tait, Steven L.; Flood, Amar H. (2014). "Anion-induced dimerization of 5-fold symmetric cyanostars in 3D crystalline solids and 2D self-assembled crystals". Chemical Communications. 50 (69): 9827–30. doi:10.1039/C4CC03725A. PMID 25080328. S2CID 12439952. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Zoldan, V. C.; Faccio, R; Pasa, A.A. (2015). "N and p type character of single molecule diodes". Scientific Reports. 5: 8350. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5.8350Z. doi:10.1038/srep08350. PMC 4322354. PMID 25666850.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "Spectroscopy". doi:10.1351/goldbook.S05848
Anderson JB (May 2004). "Comment on "An exact quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the helium-helium intermolecular potential" [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 4546 (2001)]". J Chem Phys. 120 (20): 9886–7. Bibcode:2004JChPh.120.9886A. doi:10.1063/1.1704638. PMID 15268005.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

Harper, Douglas. "molecule". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 22 February 2016.

frostburg.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

antoine.frostburg.edu

Molecule Definition Archived 13 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Frostburg State University)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Iwata, Kota; Yamazaki, Shiro; Mutombo, Pingo; Hapala, Prokop; Ondráček, Martin; Jelínek, Pavel; Sugimoto, Yoshiaki (2015). "Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature". Nature Communications. 6: 7766. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7766I. doi:10.1038/ncomms8766. PMC 4518281. PMID 26178193.
Dinca, L.E.; De Marchi, F.; MacLeod, J.M.; Lipton-Duffin, J.; Gatti, R.; Ma, D.; Perepichka, D.F.; Rosei, F. (2015). "Pentacene on Ni(111): Room-temperature molecular packing and temperature-activated conversion to graphene". Nanoscale. 7 (7): 3263–9. Bibcode:2015Nanos...7.3263D. doi:10.1039/C4NR07057G. PMID 25619890.
Hapala, Prokop; Švec, Martin; Stetsovych, Oleksandr; Van Der Heijden, Nadine J.; Ondráček, Martin; Van Der Lit, Joost; Mutombo, Pingo; Swart, Ingmar; Jelínek, Pavel (2016). "Mapping the electrostatic force field of single molecules from high-resolution scanning probe images". Nature Communications. 7 11560. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711560H. doi:10.1038/ncomms11560. PMC 4894979. PMID 27230940.
Heitler, Walter; London, Fritz (1927). "Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik". Zeitschrift für Physik. 44 (6–7): 455–472. Bibcode:1927ZPhy...44..455H. doi:10.1007/BF01397394. S2CID 119739102.
Pauling, Linus (1931). "The nature of the chemical bond. Application of results obtained from the quantum mechanics and from a theory of paramagnetic susceptibility to the structure of molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (4): 1367–1400. Bibcode:1931JAChS..53.1367P. doi:10.1021/ja01355a027.
Chang RL; Ueki IF; Troy JL; Deen WM; Robertson CR; Brenner BM (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. II. Experimental studies in rats using neutral dextran". Biophys. J. 15 (9): 887–906. Bibcode:1975BpJ....15..887C. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85863-2. PMC 1334749. PMID 1182263.
Zoldan, V. C.; Faccio, R; Pasa, A.A. (2015). "N and p type character of single molecule diodes". Scientific Reports. 5: 8350. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5.8350Z. doi:10.1038/srep08350. PMC 4322354. PMID 25666850.
Anderson JB (May 2004). "Comment on "An exact quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the helium-helium intermolecular potential" [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 4546 (2001)]". J Chem Phys. 120 (20): 9886–7. Bibcode:2004JChPh.120.9886A. doi:10.1063/1.1704638. PMID 15268005.

iupac.org (Global: 538^th place; English: 863^rd place)

goldbook.iupac.org

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "Molecule". doi:10.1351/goldbook.M04002
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "Spectroscopy". doi:10.1351/goldbook.S05848

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Seymour H. Mauskopf (1969). "The Atomic Structural Theories of Ampère and Gaudin: Molecular Speculation and Avogadro's Hypothesis". Isis. 60 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1086/350449. JSTOR 229022. S2CID 143759556.

lemoyne.edu (Global: 6,850^th place; English: 8,237^th place)

web.lemoyne.edu

Avogadro, Amedeo (1811). "Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies". Journal de Physique. 73: 58–76. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2022.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"molecule". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2016.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Iwata, Kota; Yamazaki, Shiro; Mutombo, Pingo; Hapala, Prokop; Ondráček, Martin; Jelínek, Pavel; Sugimoto, Yoshiaki (2015). "Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature". Nature Communications. 6: 7766. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7766I. doi:10.1038/ncomms8766. PMC 4518281. PMID 26178193.
Dinca, L.E.; De Marchi, F.; MacLeod, J.M.; Lipton-Duffin, J.; Gatti, R.; Ma, D.; Perepichka, D.F.; Rosei, F. (2015). "Pentacene on Ni(111): Room-temperature molecular packing and temperature-activated conversion to graphene". Nanoscale. 7 (7): 3263–9. Bibcode:2015Nanos...7.3263D. doi:10.1039/C4NR07057G. PMID 25619890.
Hapala, Prokop; Švec, Martin; Stetsovych, Oleksandr; Van Der Heijden, Nadine J.; Ondráček, Martin; Van Der Lit, Joost; Mutombo, Pingo; Swart, Ingmar; Jelínek, Pavel (2016). "Mapping the electrostatic force field of single molecules from high-resolution scanning probe images". Nature Communications. 7 11560. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711560H. doi:10.1038/ncomms11560. PMC 4894979. PMID 27230940.
Chang RL; Deen WM; Robertson CR; Brenner BM (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall: III. Restricted transport of polyanions". Kidney Int. 8 (4): 212–218. doi:10.1038/ki.1975.104. PMID 1202253.
Chang RL; Ueki IF; Troy JL; Deen WM; Robertson CR; Brenner BM (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. II. Experimental studies in rats using neutral dextran". Biophys. J. 15 (9): 887–906. Bibcode:1975BpJ....15..887C. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85863-2. PMC 1334749. PMID 1182263.
Hirsch, Brandon E.; Lee, Semin; Qiao, Bo; Chen, Chun-Hsing; McDonald, Kevin P.; Tait, Steven L.; Flood, Amar H. (2014). "Anion-induced dimerization of 5-fold symmetric cyanostars in 3D crystalline solids and 2D self-assembled crystals". Chemical Communications. 50 (69): 9827–30. doi:10.1039/C4CC03725A. PMID 25080328. S2CID 12439952. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Zoldan, V. C.; Faccio, R; Pasa, A.A. (2015). "N and p type character of single molecule diodes". Scientific Reports. 5: 8350. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5.8350Z. doi:10.1038/srep08350. PMC 4322354. PMID 25666850.
Anderson JB (May 2004). "Comment on "An exact quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the helium-helium intermolecular potential" [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 4546 (2001)]". J Chem Phys. 120 (20): 9886–7. Bibcode:2004JChPh.120.9886A. doi:10.1063/1.1704638. PMID 15268005.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Iwata, Kota; Yamazaki, Shiro; Mutombo, Pingo; Hapala, Prokop; Ondráček, Martin; Jelínek, Pavel; Sugimoto, Yoshiaki (2015). "Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature". Nature Communications. 6: 7766. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7766I. doi:10.1038/ncomms8766. PMC 4518281. PMID 26178193.
Hapala, Prokop; Švec, Martin; Stetsovych, Oleksandr; Van Der Heijden, Nadine J.; Ondráček, Martin; Van Der Lit, Joost; Mutombo, Pingo; Swart, Ingmar; Jelínek, Pavel (2016). "Mapping the electrostatic force field of single molecules from high-resolution scanning probe images". Nature Communications. 7 11560. Bibcode:2016NatCo...711560H. doi:10.1038/ncomms11560. PMC 4894979. PMID 27230940.
Chang RL; Ueki IF; Troy JL; Deen WM; Robertson CR; Brenner BM (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules. II. Experimental studies in rats using neutral dextran". Biophys. J. 15 (9): 887–906. Bibcode:1975BpJ....15..887C. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85863-2. PMC 1334749. PMID 1182263.
Zoldan, V. C.; Faccio, R; Pasa, A.A. (2015). "N and p type character of single molecule diodes". Scientific Reports. 5: 8350. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5.8350Z. doi:10.1038/srep08350. PMC 4322354. PMID 25666850.

nobelprize.org (Global: 301^st place; English: 478^th place)

Perrin, Jean, B. (1926). Discontinuous Structure of Matter Archived 29 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Nobel Lecture, 11 December.

phschool.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-250882-7. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2012.

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

"How many gold atoms make gold metal?". phys.org. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Seymour H. Mauskopf (1969). "The Atomic Structural Theories of Ampère and Gaudin: Molecular Speculation and Avogadro's Hypothesis". Isis. 60 (1): 61–74. doi:10.1086/350449. JSTOR 229022. S2CID 143759556.
Heitler, Walter; London, Fritz (1927). "Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik". Zeitschrift für Physik. 44 (6–7): 455–472. Bibcode:1927ZPhy...44..455H. doi:10.1007/BF01397394. S2CID 119739102.
Hirsch, Brandon E.; Lee, Semin; Qiao, Bo; Chen, Chun-Hsing; McDonald, Kevin P.; Tait, Steven L.; Flood, Amar H. (2014). "Anion-induced dimerization of 5-fold symmetric cyanostars in 3D crystalline solids and 2D self-assembled crystals". Chemical Communications. 50 (69): 9827–30. doi:10.1039/C4CC03725A. PMID 25080328. S2CID 12439952. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Molecule". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
"molecule". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
Molecule Definition Archived 13 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Frostburg State University)
Avogadro, Amedeo (1811). "Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies". Journal de Physique. 73: 58–76. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
Perrin, Jean, B. (1926). Discontinuous Structure of Matter Archived 29 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Nobel Lecture, 11 December.
Harry, B. Gray. Chemical Bonds: An Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Structure (PDF). pp. 210–211. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
"How many gold atoms make gold metal?". phys.org. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-250882-7. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
Campbell, Flake C. (2008). Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys. ASM International. ISBN 978-1-61503-058-3. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
Roger L. DeKock; Harry B. Gray; Harry B. Gray (1989). Chemical structure and bonding. University Science Books. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-935702-61-3. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
Wink, Donald J.; Fetzer-Gislason, Sharon; McNicholas, Sheila (2003). The Practice of Chemistry. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7167-4871-7. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
"ChemTeam: Empirical Formula". www.chemteam.info. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
Hirsch, Brandon E.; Lee, Semin; Qiao, Bo; Chen, Chun-Hsing; McDonald, Kevin P.; Tait, Steven L.; Flood, Amar H. (2014). "Anion-induced dimerization of 5-fold symmetric cyanostars in 3D crystalline solids and 2D self-assembled crystals". Chemical Communications. 50 (69): 9827–30. doi:10.1039/C4CC03725A. PMID 25080328. S2CID 12439952. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Hirsch, Brandon E.; Lee, Semin; Qiao, Bo; Chen, Chun-Hsing; McDonald, Kevin P.; Tait, Steven L.; Flood, Amar H. (2014). "Anion-induced dimerization of 5-fold symmetric cyanostars in 3D crystalline solids and 2D self-assembled crystals". Chemical Communications. 50 (69): 9827–30. doi:10.1039/C4CC03725A. PMID 25080328. S2CID 12439952. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

Molecule (English Wikipedia)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

global.britannica.com

caltech.edu (Global: 887th place; English: 714th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

chemteam.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 287th place; English: 321st place)

frostburg.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

antoine.frostburg.edu

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

iupac.org (Global: 538th place; English: 863rd place)

goldbook.iupac.org

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

lemoyne.edu (Global: 6,850th place; English: 8,237th place)

web.lemoyne.edu

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209th place; English: 191st place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nobelprize.org (Global: 301st place; English: 478th place)

phschool.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

phys.org (Global: 1,283rd place; English: 1,130th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621st place; English: 380th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

iupac.org (Global: 538^th place; English: 863^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

lemoyne.edu (Global: 6,850^th place; English: 8,237^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 301^st place; English: 478^th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,283^rd place; English: 1,130^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)