Edyta M. Bojanowska (2007) "Nikolai Gogol: Between Ukrainian And Russian Nationalism" ISBN0-674-02291-2, p. 55: "In the 'low', folksy world of the provincial narrators, a Russian is a moskal ("Muscovite")", a foreigner and an intruder, at best a carpetbagger, at worst a thief in league with the devil."
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Прыгунов М. "Драма Вертепная", Литературная энциклопедия 1929—1939, vol. 3. Moscow: Изд-во Ком. Акад., 1930, pp. 543—545