Mount Kilimanjaro (English Wikipedia)

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anotherland.com

"The Old Man of Mt. Kilimanjaro". The Honeyguide: Summer 2000. Another Land. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

archive.org

Richard Leider (10 May 2010). The Power of Purpose: Find Meaning, Live Longer, Better. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-60509-527-1. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Cameron M. Burns (2006). Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide. The Mountaineers Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-89886-604-9. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Ludwig Ritter von Höhnel (1894). Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie: A Narrative of Count Samuel Teleki's Exploring & Hunting Expedition in Eastern Equatorial Africa in 1887 & 1888. Longmans, Green. p. 195.
Cameron M. Burns (2006). Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide. The Mountaineers Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-89886-604-9. Retrieved 4 October 2016.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr

Nonnotte, Philippe; Guillou, Hervé; Le Gall, Bernard; Benoit, Mathieu; Cotten, Joseph; Scaillet, Stéphane (2008). "New K Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa" (PDF). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 173 (1): 99. Bibcode:2008JVGR..173...99N. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042. S2CID 18476938. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.

ascendtanzania.com

"Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ascend Tanzania. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
"Information about Mt Kilimanjaro". Kiliwarrior Expeditions – Climb Kilimanjaro and become a Kiliwarrior!. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

bbc.co.uk

"Up Kilimanjaro with the Adams Family". BBC. 24 September 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.

books.google.com

Krapf & Ravenstein 1860, p. 255. Krapf, Johann Ludwig; Ravenstein, Ernest George (1860). Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado. Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017.
Thomson 1887. Thomson, Joseph (1887). Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa, authored by Johann Ludwig Krapf and Ernest George Ravenstein, Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, London, 1887. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Krapf & Ravenstein 1860, p. 544. Krapf, Johann Ludwig; Ravenstein, Ernest George (1860). Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado. Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017.
Alex Stewart (23 April 2012). Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa'. Cicerone Press Limited. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-84965-622-1. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
John Barry Dawson (2008). The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania. Geological Society of London. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-86239-267-0. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Alex Stewart (23 April 2012). Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa'. Cicerone Press Limited. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-84965-622-1. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Vijay P. Singh; Pratap Singh; Umesh K. Haritashya (1 July 2011). Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-90-481-2641-5. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
William Dubois Newmark (1991). The Conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro. IUCN. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-2-8317-0070-0. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Charles Dundas (12 November 2012). Kilimanjaro and Its People: A History of Wachagga, their Laws, Customs and Legends, Together with Some. Routledge. pp. 84–88. ISBN 978-1-136-24940-2. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Hans Meyer (1891). "Across East African glaciers: an account of the first ascent of Kilimanjaro". Nature. 44 (1129): 149–150. Bibcode:1891Natur..44..149.. doi:10.1038/044149b0. hdl:2027/hvd.32044009699778. S2CID 45006599. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
""Kilimanjaro", authored by Sir. H. H. Johnston, in The Twentieth Century, published by Nineteenth Century and After, printed by Spottswoode, Ballantine & Co. Ltd., London, June 1916, volume 79, page 879". 1916. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Dundas, Charles (2012) [1924]. Kilimanjaro and its People: A History of the Wachagga, Their Laws, Customs and Legends, Together with Some Account of the Highest Mountain in Africa. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-136-24940-2. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
Alex Stewart (9 September 2010). Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, Practicalities and Trekking Routes to the 'Roof of Africa'. Cicerone Press Limited. ISBN 978-1-84965-071-7. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
L. A. Bruijnzeel; F. N. Scatena; L. S. Hamilton (6 January 2011). Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-139-49455-7. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Ghazali Musa; James Higham; Anna Thompson-Carr, eds. (5 June 2015). Mountaineering Tourism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-66874-9. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Ian Christie; Eneida Fernandes; Hannah Messerli; Louise Twining-Ward (2014). Tourism in Africa: Harnessing Tourism for Growth and Improved Livelihoods. World Bank Publications. ISBN 978-1-4648-0197-6. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

ceur-ws.org

Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen and Jorge Filipe Dos Santos. "The New Digital Orthometric Elevation Model of Kilimanjaro" (PDF). CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

climbing-kilimanjaro.com

"Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro on the Lemosho Route". Climbing Kilimanjaro. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
"Western Breach Route". Western Breach Route Kilimanjaro. Climbing Kilimanjaro. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2019.

climbkilimanjaroguide.com

"Amazing Kilimanjaro Records". Mount Kilimanjaro Facts. Climb Kilimanjaro Guide. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
Swiss Sets New Kilimanjaro Fastest Ascent And Descent Record Archived 19 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine at climbkilimanjaroguide.com

climbmountkilimanjaro.com

"Kilimanjaro records". Background information on Kilimanjaro. Climb Mount Kilimanjaro Ltd. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Zeinab, Noura Abou (15 October 2020). "'Big pieces' of Kilimanjaro 'missing' due to climate crisis, says ice climber Will Gadd". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2020.

conchsoc.org

"Baron Carl Claus von der Decken – 1833–1865 – Collectors in East Africa – 31". Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

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cvgs.cu-portland.edu

"Gustav Otto Richard Reusch". Biographies. The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

doi.org

Spink, P. C. (1945). "Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya". The Geographical Journal. 106 (5/6): 210–216. Bibcode:1945GeogJ.106..210S. doi:10.2307/1788958. JSTOR 1788958.
Cullen, Nicolas J.; Mölg, Thomas; Kaser, Georg; Hussein, Khalid; Steffen, Konrad; Hardy, Douglas R. (2006). "Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th-century retreat rates". Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (16): L16502. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3316502C. doi:10.1029/2006GL027084. S2CID 14421037.
Nonnotte, Philippe; Guillou, Hervé; Le Gall, Bernard; Benoit, Mathieu; Cotten, Joseph; Scaillet, Stéphane (2008). "New K Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa" (PDF). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 173 (1): 99. Bibcode:2008JVGR..173...99N. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042. S2CID 18476938. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
Wilcockson, W. H. (1956). "Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro". Geological Magazine. 93 (3): 218–228. Bibcode:1956GeoM...93..218W. doi:10.1017/S0016756800066590. S2CID 128393681.
Gillman, C. (1923). "An Ascent of Kilimanjaro". The Geographical Journal. 61 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:1923GeogJ..61....1G. doi:10.2307/1780513. JSTOR 1780513.
J. Shearson Hyland (1889). "Ueber die Gesteine des Kilimandscharo und dessen Umgebung". Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen (in German). 10 (3): 203–268. Bibcode:1889ZKMP...10..203S. doi:10.1007/BF02993444. S2CID 130584195. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2017 – via Springer Link.
Gabrielli, P.; Hardy, D. R.; Kehrwald, N.; Davis, M.; Cozzi, G.; Turetta, C.; Barbante, C.; Thompson, L. G. (2014). "Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene". Quaternary Science Reviews. 93: 1–10. Bibcode:2014QSRv...93....1G. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007.
Mark, Bryan G.; Osmaston, Henry A. (2008). "Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications". Journal of Quaternary Science. 23 (6–7): 589–608. Bibcode:2008JQS....23..589M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.4209. doi:10.1002/jqs.1222. S2CID 130605599.
Thompson, Lonnie G (2002). "Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa" (PDF). Science. 298 (5593): 589–593. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..589T. doi:10.1126/science.1073198. PMID 12386332. S2CID 32880316. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
Thompson, L. G.; Brecher, H. H.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Hardy, D. R.; Mark, B. G. (2009). "Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (47): 19770–5. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10619770T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906029106. PMC 2771743. PMID 19884500.
Kaser, Georg; Mölg, Thomas; Cullen, Nicolas J.; Hardy, Douglas R.; Winkler, Michael (2010). "Is the decline of ice on Kilimanjaro unprecedented in the Holocene?". The Holocene. 20 (7): 1079–1091. Bibcode:2010Holoc..20.1079K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.211.435. doi:10.1177/0959683610369498. ISSN 0959-6836. S2CID 16945088.
Thompson, L.G.; Davis, M.E. (2007). "ICE CORE RECORDS | Africa". Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. pp. 1220–1225. doi:10.1016/B0-44-452747-8/00351-3. ISBN 978-0-444-52747-9.
Cullen, N. J.; Sirguey, P.; Mölg, T.; Kaser, G.; Winkler, M.; Fitzsimons, S. J. (2013). "A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded". The Cryosphere. 7 (2): 419–431. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..419C. doi:10.5194/tc-7-419-2013. ISSN 1994-0424.
Hans Meyer (1891). "Across East African glaciers: an account of the first ascent of Kilimanjaro". Nature. 44 (1129): 149–150. Bibcode:1891Natur..44..149.. doi:10.1038/044149b0. hdl:2027/hvd.32044009699778. S2CID 45006599. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Mackinder, Halford (1900). "A Journey to the Summit of Mount Kenya, British East Africa". The Geographical Journal. 15 (5): 453–476. Bibcode:1900GeogJ..15..453M. doi:10.2307/1774261. JSTOR 1774261. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
Bernbaum 2006, p. 308. Bernbaum, Edwin (November 2006). "Sacred Mountains: Themes and Teachings". Mountain Research and Development. 26 (4). International Mountain Society: 304–309. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2006)26[304:SMTAT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4540647. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
Hemp, Andreas (2006). "Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro". Plant Ecology. 184 (1): 27–42. Bibcode:2006PlEco.184...27H. doi:10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4. S2CID 21864541.
Schüler, Lisa; Hemp, Andreas; Zech, Wolfgang; Behling, Hermann (2012). "Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial-interglacial cycle". Quaternary Science Reviews. 39: 1–13. Bibcode:2012QSRv...39....1S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003.
Hemp, Andreas (2008). "Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: Tourism and its impact". Plant Ecology. 197 (1): 17–29. Bibcode:2008PlEco.197...17H. doi:10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z. S2CID 25001477.
Grimshaw, Cordeiro & Foley 1995, p. 106. Grimshaw, J. M.; Cordeiro, N.J.; Foley, C.A.H (July 1995). "The Mammals of Kilimanjaro". Journal of East African Natural History. 84 (2): 105–139. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(1995)84[105:TMOK]2.0.CO;2.
Davies, Andrew J.; Kalson, Nicholas S.; Stokes, Suzy; Earl, Mark D.; Whitehead, Adam G.; Frost, Hannah; Tyrell-Marsh, Ian; Naylor, Jon (2009). "Determinants of Summiting Success and Acute Mountain Sickness on Mt Kilimanjaro (5895 m)" (PDF). Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 20 (4): 311–7. doi:10.1580/1080-6032-020.004.0311. ISSN 1080-6032. PMID 20030437. S2CID 13322264. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Eigenberger, Paul; Faino, Anna; Maltzahn, Joanne; Lisk, Christina; Frank, Eddie; Frank, Amy; Loomis, Zoe; Schroeder, Thies; Strand, Matthew; Irwin, David (2014). "A Retrospective Study of Acute Mountain Sickness on Mt. Kilimanjaro Using Trekking Company Data". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 85 (11): 1125–1129. doi:10.3357/ASEM.4037.2014. PMID 25329946.
Andrew J. Davies; Nicholas S. Kalson; Suzy Stokes; Mark D. Earl; Adam G. Whitehead; Hannah Frost; Ian Tyrell-Marsh; Jon Naylor (2009). "Determinants of Summiting Success and Acute Mountain Sickness on Mt Kilimanjaro (5895 m)" (PDF). Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. 20 (4): 311–317. doi:10.1580/1080-6032-020.004.0311. PMID 20030437. S2CID 13322264. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
Joel Meyer (2012). "Twice-Daily Assessment of Trekkers on Kilimanjaro's Machame Route to Evaluate the Incidence and Time-Course of Acute Mountain Sickness". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 13 (4): 281–284. doi:10.1089/ham.2012.1024. PMID 23270446.
Apollo, M (2017). "The good, the bad and the ugly–three approaches to the management of human waste in a high-mountain environment". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 74 (1): 129–158. Bibcode:2017IJEnS..74..129A. doi:10.1080/00207233.2016.1227225. S2CID 113843846.

ewpnet.com

maps.ewpnet.com

Kilimanjaro Map and tourist Guide (Map) (4th ed.). 1:75,000 with 1:20,000 and 1:30,000 insets. EWP Map Guides. Cartography by EWP. EWP. 2009. ISBN 0-906227-66-6. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015.

expeditionkilimanjaro.com

R. Stoppelenburg. "Prepare yourself for the Kilimanjaro climb". Archived from the original on 19 March 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2009.

fastestknowntime.com

Route: Kilimanjaro Archived 9 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine at fastest known time.com

fig.net

Pascal SRIGUEY & Nicolas J. CULLEN (2014). "A Century of Photogrammetry on Kilimanjaro" (PDF). Engaging the Challenges – Enhancing the Relevance. FIG Congress 2014. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

ft.com

ig.ft.com

Hann, Michael (13 June 2018). "The strange appeal of Toto's Africa – and why it's cover-proof". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.

gearjunkie.com

Sean McCoy, Woman Sets Speed Record Up Kilimanjaro Archived 9 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine at gearjunkie.com

geolsoc.org.uk

"Mr Thornton, I presume?: Everyone has heard of Livingstone, but the name of Richard Thornton, Livingstone's geologist, has been completely forgotten. Richard Boak tells his sad story". www.geolsoc.org.uk. August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2021.

goodnewsnetwork.org

"Girl Who Wanted to 'Be Closer to Her Dad' Becomes Youngest Female to Hike Mount Kilimanjaro". Good News Network. 10 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.

guinnessworldrecords.com

"Oldest person to climb Mount Kilimanjaro". guinnessworldrecords.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2019.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Hans Meyer (1891). "Across East African glaciers: an account of the first ascent of Kilimanjaro". Nature. 44 (1129): 149–150. Bibcode:1891Natur..44..149.. doi:10.1038/044149b0. hdl:2027/hvd.32044009699778. S2CID 45006599. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Spink, P. C. (1945). "Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya". The Geographical Journal. 106 (5/6): 210–216. Bibcode:1945GeogJ.106..210S. doi:10.2307/1788958. JSTOR 1788958.
Cullen, Nicolas J.; Mölg, Thomas; Kaser, Georg; Hussein, Khalid; Steffen, Konrad; Hardy, Douglas R. (2006). "Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th-century retreat rates". Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (16): L16502. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3316502C. doi:10.1029/2006GL027084. S2CID 14421037.
Nonnotte, Philippe; Guillou, Hervé; Le Gall, Bernard; Benoit, Mathieu; Cotten, Joseph; Scaillet, Stéphane (2008). "New K Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa" (PDF). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 173 (1): 99. Bibcode:2008JVGR..173...99N. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042. S2CID 18476938. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
Wilcockson, W. H. (1956). "Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro". Geological Magazine. 93 (3): 218–228. Bibcode:1956GeoM...93..218W. doi:10.1017/S0016756800066590. S2CID 128393681.
Gillman, C. (1923). "An Ascent of Kilimanjaro". The Geographical Journal. 61 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:1923GeogJ..61....1G. doi:10.2307/1780513. JSTOR 1780513.
J. Shearson Hyland (1889). "Ueber die Gesteine des Kilimandscharo und dessen Umgebung". Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen (in German). 10 (3): 203–268. Bibcode:1889ZKMP...10..203S. doi:10.1007/BF02993444. S2CID 130584195. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2017 – via Springer Link.
Gabrielli, P.; Hardy, D. R.; Kehrwald, N.; Davis, M.; Cozzi, G.; Turetta, C.; Barbante, C.; Thompson, L. G. (2014). "Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene". Quaternary Science Reviews. 93: 1–10. Bibcode:2014QSRv...93....1G. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007.
Mark, Bryan G.; Osmaston, Henry A. (2008). "Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications". Journal of Quaternary Science. 23 (6–7): 589–608. Bibcode:2008JQS....23..589M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.4209. doi:10.1002/jqs.1222. S2CID 130605599.
Thompson, Lonnie G (2002). "Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa" (PDF). Science. 298 (5593): 589–593. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..589T. doi:10.1126/science.1073198. PMID 12386332. S2CID 32880316. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
Uglietti, Chiara; Zapf, Alexander; Szidat, Sönke; Salazar, Gary; Hardy, Doug; Schwikowski, Margit (2015). "The controversial age of Kilimanjaro's plateau glaciers". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. 17: 5091. Bibcode:2015EGUGA..17.5091U.
Thompson, L. G.; Brecher, H. H.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Hardy, D. R.; Mark, B. G. (2009). "Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (47): 19770–5. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10619770T. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906029106. PMC 2771743. PMID 19884500.
Kaser, Georg; Mölg, Thomas; Cullen, Nicolas J.; Hardy, Douglas R.; Winkler, Michael (2010). "Is the decline of ice on Kilimanjaro unprecedented in the Holocene?". The Holocene. 20 (7): 1079–1091. Bibcode:2010Holoc..20.1079K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.211.435. doi:10.1177/0959683610369498. ISSN 0959-6836. S2CID 16945088.
Cullen, N. J.; Sirguey, P.; Mölg, T.; Kaser, G.; Winkler, M.; Fitzsimons, S. J. (2013). "A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded". The Cryosphere. 7 (2): 419–431. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..419C. doi:10.5194/tc-7-419-2013. ISSN 1994-0424.
Hans Meyer (1891). "Across East African glaciers: an account of the first ascent of Kilimanjaro". Nature. 44 (1129): 149–150. Bibcode:1891Natur..44..149.. doi:10.1038/044149b0. hdl:2027/hvd.32044009699778. S2CID 45006599. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Mackinder, Halford (1900). "A Journey to the Summit of Mount Kenya, British East Africa". The Geographical Journal. 15 (5): 453–476. Bibcode:1900GeogJ..15..453M. doi:10.2307/1774261. JSTOR 1774261. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
Hemp, Andreas (2006). "Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro". Plant Ecology. 184 (1): 27–42. Bibcode:2006PlEco.184...27H. doi:10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4. S2CID 21864541.
Schüler, Lisa; Hemp, Andreas; Zech, Wolfgang; Behling, Hermann (2012). "Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial-interglacial cycle". Quaternary Science Reviews. 39: 1–13. Bibcode:2012QSRv...39....1S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003.
Hemp, Andreas (2008). "Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: Tourism and its impact". Plant Ecology. 197 (1): 17–29. Bibcode:2008PlEco.197...17H. doi:10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z. S2CID 25001477.
Apollo, M (2017). "The good, the bad and the ugly–three approaches to the management of human waste in a high-mountain environment". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 74 (1): 129–158. Bibcode:2017IJEnS..74..129A. doi:10.1080/00207233.2016.1227225. S2CID 113843846.

icaci.org

Demhardt, I. J. German Contributions to the Cartography of South West and East Africa from Mid-19th Century to World War I (PDF). University of Technology Darmstadt. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

imax.com

"Kilimanjaro: To The Roof Of Africa". IMAX. 20 April 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.

iugs-geoheritage.org

"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites" (PDF). IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage. IUGS. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.

jstor.org

Spink, P. C. (1945). "Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya". The Geographical Journal. 106 (5/6): 210–216. Bibcode:1945GeogJ.106..210S. doi:10.2307/1788958. JSTOR 1788958.
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