Mu'tazilism (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Mu'tazilism" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

27web.archive.org

1^st place

17books.google.com

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5doi.org

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5archive.org

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2britannica.com

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2muslimphilosophy.com

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2bbc.co.uk

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2worldcat.org

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2mcgill.ca

2,527^th place

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2ias.edu

7,948^th place

5,350^th place

2scribd.com

482^nd place

552^nd place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

2jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1wiley.com

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1huji.ac.il

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1liputan6.com

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1soerenkern.com

low place

1oapen.org

8,298^th place

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1umsl.edu

8,618^th place

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1wikimir.com

low place

1almuslih.com

low place

1exeter.ac.uk

6,124^th place

3,763^rd place

1gsu.edu

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1peeters-leuven.be

low place

1al-islam.org

3,710^th place

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1mutazilisme.fr

low place

al-islam.org

"Chapter 74: Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani". www.al-islam.org. September 3, 2015. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

almuslih.com

Hallaq, Wael (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem" (PDF). Studia Islamica. 89 (89): 75–90. doi:10.2307/1596086. JSTOR 1596086. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

archive.org

Dhanani, Alnoor (1994). The physical theory of Kalām : atoms, space, and void in Basrian Muʻtazilī cosmology. Leiden: Brill. p. 7. ISBN 978-9004098312.
Ess 2006. Ess, J. V. (2006). The Flowering of Muslim Theology. USA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02208-4.
Kerr, Malcolm H. (2010). Hoiberg, Dale H. (ed.). 'Abduh Muhammad (15 ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. p. 20–21. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
Esack, Farid (1999). On Being a Muslim: Finding a Religious Path in the World Today. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 1-85168-146-9.
Martin, Richard C.; Woodward, Mark R.; Atmaja, Dwi S. (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Muʿtazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford: Oneworld. p. 164. ISBN 9781851681471.

bbc.co.uk

"Different views on human freedom – Mu'tazilites and Asharites – Authority in Islam – GCSE Religious Studies Revision – OCR". BBC Bitesize. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
"Different views on human freedom – Mu'tazilites and Asharites – Authority in Islam – GCSE Religious Studies Revision – OCR". BBC Bitesize. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2021-06-19.

books.google.com

Ellwood, Robert S.; McGraw, Barbara A. (30 September 2022). Many Peoples, Many Faiths: Women and Men in the World Religions. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780429844584.
Kadri, Sadakat (2012). Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia to the Streets of the Modern Muslim World. macmillan. p. 77. ISBN 9780099523277. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
Muhammad Qasim Zaman (1997). Religion and Politics Under the Early ?Abbasids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. BRILL. pp. 106–112. ISBN 978-90-04-10678-9. Archived from the original on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
Julio Samsó; Maribel Fierro (23 October 2019). "&pg=PR27 The Formation of al-Andalus, Part 2: Language, Religion, Culture and the Sciences. Taylor & Francis. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-351-88957-5. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
Martin 1997, p. ?. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 512. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8. Archived from the original on 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
Martin 1997. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 92. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 58. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 93. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 65-6. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 82, 106. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 90. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Kadri, Sadakat (2012). Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ... macmillan. pp. 118–9. ISBN 9780099523277. Archived from the original on 2020-12-27. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
Martin 1997, p. 187. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Martin 1997, p. 96. Martin, R. C.; M. R. Woodward; D. S. Atmaja (1997). Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications. p. 27. ISBN 978-1851681471. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
Ghani, Usman (2015). "3. Concept of Sunna in Mu'tazilite Thought.". In Duderija, Adis (ed.). The Sunna and its Status in Islamic Law: The Search for a Sound Hadith. Springer. p. 65. ISBN 9781137369925. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2018.

britannica.com

"Muʿtazilah Archived 2018-06-21 at the Wayback Machine", Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Muʿtazilah Archived 2010-02-02 at the Wayback Machine at the Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 13 March 2014. Some of the Companions of Muhammad such as Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas and Abdullah ibn Umar were neutral in the dispute between ʿAlī and his opponents (Muawiyah I). Encyclopaedia of Islam s.v. "Mu'tazila" Archived 2010-04-25 at the Wayback Machine, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands (1999): "It is an explanation of this kind which today, in particular as a result of the studies undertaken by Nallino ("Sull'origine del nome dei Mu'taziliti", in RSO, vii [1916]), is generally accepted: i'tizal would designate a position of neutrality in the face of opposing factions. Nallino drew support for the argument from the fact that at the time of the first civil war, some of the Companions ('Abd Allah b. 'Umar, Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas, etc.), who had chosen to side neither with ʿAli nor with his adversaries, were for that reason called muʿtazila. He even drew the conclusion that the theological Mu'tazilism of Wasil and his successors was merely a continuation of this initial political Mu'tazilism; in reality, there does not seem to have been the least connection between one and the other. But, in its principle, this explanation is probably valid."

doi.org

Campanini, Massimo (2012). "The Mu'tazila in Islamic History and Thought". Religion Compass. 6: 41–50. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00273.x. Archived from the original on 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
Nawas 1994. Nawas, J. A. (1994). "A Rexamination of Three Current Explanations for al-Ma'mun's Introduction of the Mihna". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 26 (4): 615–629. doi:10.1017/S0020743800061134. S2CID 159973328.
Nawas 1996. Nawas, J. A. (1996). "The Mihna of 218 A.H./833 A. D. Revisited: An Empirical Study". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (4): 698–708. doi:10.2307/605440. JSTOR 605440.
Hallaq, Wael (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem" (PDF). Studia Islamica. 89 (89): 75–90. doi:10.2307/1596086. JSTOR 1596086. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
H. Al-Rahim, Ahmed (January 2006). "Islam and Liberty". Journal of Democracy. 17 (1): 166–169. doi:10.1353/jod.2006.0002. S2CID 154412966.

exeter.ac.uk

ore.exeter.ac.uk

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-12-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

gsu.edu

scholarworks.gsu.edu

Byrd, Anthony Robert (27 November 2007). A Euro-American 'Ulama? Mu 'tazilism, (Post)Modernity, and Minority Islam. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

huji.ac.il

pluto.huji.ac.il

For example, Quran 18:16, 19:48 and 4:90). According to Sarah Siroumsa, "The verb i'tazala means "to withdraw", and in its most common use, as given in the dictionaries and attested in Hadith literature, it denotes some sort of abstinence from sexual activity, from worldly pleasures, or, more generally, from sin. Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-'Arab, s.v oy.':/ : wensirck, Concordance a indices de la tradition musulmatle, vol Iv, p. 11)7. 'Amr taught his followers to be "the party which abstains" (i.e., from evil: al-firqa al-muʿtazila), asceticism was their most striking characteristic. They were given the name "Mu'tazila" in reference to their pious asceticism, and they were content with this name," http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~stroums/files/MuTazila_Reconsidered.pdf Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine ^{[clarification needed]}

ias.edu

albert.ias.edu

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2020-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2020-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

jstor.org

Nawas 1996. Nawas, J. A. (1996). "The Mihna of 218 A.H./833 A. D. Revisited: An Empirical Study". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (4): 698–708. doi:10.2307/605440. JSTOR 605440.
Hallaq, Wael (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem" (PDF). Studia Islamica. 89 (89): 75–90. doi:10.2307/1596086. JSTOR 1596086. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

liputan6.com

Damayanty, Putry (2023-09-01). "Mengenal 7 Aliran dengan Pandangan Berbeda dalam Islam". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-03-26.

mcgill.ca

escholarship.mcgill.ca

[1] Archived 2021-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
[2] Archived 2021-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)

muslimphilosophy.com

NEAL ROBINSON (1998). "Ash'ariyya and Mu'tazila". muslimphilosophy.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-20. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
Muʿtazilah Archived 2010-02-02 at the Wayback Machine at the Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 13 March 2014. Some of the Companions of Muhammad such as Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas and Abdullah ibn Umar were neutral in the dispute between ʿAlī and his opponents (Muawiyah I). Encyclopaedia of Islam s.v. "Mu'tazila" Archived 2010-04-25 at the Wayback Machine, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands (1999): "It is an explanation of this kind which today, in particular as a result of the studies undertaken by Nallino ("Sull'origine del nome dei Mu'taziliti", in RSO, vii [1916]), is generally accepted: i'tizal would designate a position of neutrality in the face of opposing factions. Nallino drew support for the argument from the fact that at the time of the first civil war, some of the Companions ('Abd Allah b. 'Umar, Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas, etc.), who had chosen to side neither with ʿAli nor with his adversaries, were for that reason called muʿtazila. He even drew the conclusion that the theological Mu'tazilism of Wasil and his successors was merely a continuation of this initial political Mu'tazilism; in reality, there does not seem to have been the least connection between one and the other. But, in its principle, this explanation is probably valid."

mutazilisme.fr

"Mutazilisme". mutazilisme.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2018.

oapen.org

library.oapen.org

Schirrmacher, Christine (2020). "Leaving Islam". In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). Handbook of Leaving Religion (PDF). Brill. p. 82. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.

peeters-leuven.be

poj.peeters-leuven.be

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2020-12-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

scribd.com

Brown, Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought, 1996: p.15 Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521570778. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
Brown, Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought, 1996: p.13-15 Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521570778. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Nawas 1994. Nawas, J. A. (1994). "A Rexamination of Three Current Explanations for al-Ma'mun's Introduction of the Mihna". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 26 (4): 615–629. doi:10.1017/S0020743800061134. S2CID 159973328.
H. Al-Rahim, Ahmed (January 2006). "Islam and Liberty". Journal of Democracy. 17 (1): 166–169. doi:10.1353/jod.2006.0002. S2CID 154412966.

soerenkern.com

Forte, David F. (1978). "Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht" (PDF). Loyola Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. 1: 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

umsl.edu

irl.umsl.edu

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-03-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

web.archive.org

"Muʿtazilah Archived 2018-06-21 at the Wayback Machine", Encyclopaedia Britannica.
NEAL ROBINSON (1998). "Ash'ariyya and Mu'tazila". muslimphilosophy.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-20. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
"Different views on human freedom – Mu'tazilites and Asharites – Authority in Islam – GCSE Religious Studies Revision – OCR". BBC Bitesize. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
Campanini, Massimo (2012). "The Mu'tazila in Islamic History and Thought". Religion Compass. 6: 41–50. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00273.x. Archived from the original on 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
Kadri, Sadakat (2012). Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia to the Streets of the Modern Muslim World. macmillan. p. 77. ISBN 9780099523277. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
Muhammad Qasim Zaman (1997). Religion and Politics Under the Early ?Abbasids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. BRILL. pp. 106–112. ISBN 978-90-04-10678-9. Archived from the original on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2019-05-03.
[1] Archived 2021-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
Julio Samsó; Maribel Fierro (23 October 2019). "&pg=PR27 The Formation of al-Andalus, Part 2: Language, Religion, Culture and the Sciences. Taylor & Francis. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-351-88957-5. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2020-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
For example, Quran 18:16, 19:48 and 4:90). According to Sarah Siroumsa, "The verb i'tazala means "to withdraw", and in its most common use, as given in the dictionaries and attested in Hadith literature, it denotes some sort of abstinence from sexual activity, from worldly pleasures, or, more generally, from sin. Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-'Arab, s.v oy.':/ : wensirck, Concordance a indices de la tradition musulmatle, vol Iv, p. 11)7. 'Amr taught his followers to be "the party which abstains" (i.e., from evil: al-firqa al-muʿtazila), asceticism was their most striking characteristic. They were given the name "Mu'tazila" in reference to their pious asceticism, and they were content with this name," http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~stroums/files/MuTazila_Reconsidered.pdf Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine ^{[clarification needed]}
Muʿtazilah Archived 2010-02-02 at the Wayback Machine at the Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 13 March 2014. Some of the Companions of Muhammad such as Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas and Abdullah ibn Umar were neutral in the dispute between ʿAlī and his opponents (Muawiyah I). Encyclopaedia of Islam s.v. "Mu'tazila" Archived 2010-04-25 at the Wayback Machine, Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands (1999): "It is an explanation of this kind which today, in particular as a result of the studies undertaken by Nallino ("Sull'origine del nome dei Mu'taziliti", in RSO, vii [1916]), is generally accepted: i'tizal would designate a position of neutrality in the face of opposing factions. Nallino drew support for the argument from the fact that at the time of the first civil war, some of the Companions ('Abd Allah b. 'Umar, Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas, etc.), who had chosen to side neither with ʿAli nor with his adversaries, were for that reason called muʿtazila. He even drew the conclusion that the theological Mu'tazilism of Wasil and his successors was merely a continuation of this initial political Mu'tazilism; in reality, there does not seem to have been the least connection between one and the other. But, in its principle, this explanation is probably valid."
"Different views on human freedom – Mu'tazilites and Asharites – Authority in Islam – GCSE Religious Studies Revision – OCR". BBC Bitesize. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 512. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8. Archived from the original on 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
Forte, David F. (1978). "Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht" (PDF). Loyola Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. 1: 13. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Schirrmacher, Christine (2020). "Leaving Islam". In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). Handbook of Leaving Religion (PDF). Brill. p. 82. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
[2] Archived 2021-06-14 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2020-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-03-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Message Of Quran By Muhammad Asad 039 – WikiMir". 2010-09-26. Archived from the original on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
Kadri, Sadakat (2012). Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ... macmillan. pp. 118–9. ISBN 9780099523277. Archived from the original on 2020-12-27. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
Ghani, Usman (2015). "3. Concept of Sunna in Mu'tazilite Thought.". In Duderija, Adis (ed.). The Sunna and its Status in Islamic Law: The Search for a Sound Hadith. Springer. p. 65. ISBN 9781137369925. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
Hallaq, Wael (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem" (PDF). Studia Islamica. 89 (89): 75–90. doi:10.2307/1596086. JSTOR 1596086. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-12-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Byrd, Anthony Robert (27 November 2007). A Euro-American 'Ulama? Mu 'tazilism, (Post)Modernity, and Minority Islam. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-10-14. Retrieved 2020-12-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Chapter 74: Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani". www.al-islam.org. September 3, 2015. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
"Mutazilisme". mutazilisme.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2018.

wikimir.com

"Message Of Quran By Muhammad Asad 039 – WikiMir". 2010-09-26. Archived from the original on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2021-02-04.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Campanini, Massimo (2012). "The Mu'tazila in Islamic History and Thought". Religion Compass. 6: 41–50. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00273.x. Archived from the original on 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2021-01-09.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Watt, W. Montgomery (1985). Islamic philosophy and theology : an extended survey. Edinburgh. ISBN 0-85224-487-8. OCLC 13360530.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Lia, Brynjar (2011). "Jihadis divided between strategists and doctrinarians". In Moghadam, Assaf; Fishman, Brian (eds.). Fault Lines in Global Jihad : Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-81492-5. OCLC 797919202.