Mule deer (English Wikipedia)

"Sitka Black-tailed Deer Hunting Information". Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

animaldiversity.org

Misuraca, Michael (1999). "Odocoileus hemionus mule deer". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020.

archive.org

Nowak, Ronald M. (7 April 1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8 – via Internet Archive.
Kufeld, Roland C.; Wallmo, O. C.; Feddema, Charles (July 1973). Foods of the Rocky Mountain Mule Deer (Report). USDA Forest Service. OL 14738499M – via Internet Archive.
Martin, Alexander Campbell; Zim, Herbert Spencer; Nelson, Arnold L. (1961). American Wildlife & Plants: A Guide to Wildlife Food Habits: The Use of Trees, Shrubs, Weeds, and Herbs by Birds and Mammals of the United States. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-20793-3 – via Internet Archive.

bendbulletin.com

Lewis, Gary (23 February 2017). "Central Oregon mule deer migrations in crisis". The Bulletin. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

books.google.com

Reid, Fiona A. (15 November 2006). Peterson Field Guide to Mammals of North America (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-547-34553-4.
Geist, Valerius (January 1998). Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-0496-0.
Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. (19 November 2003). Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7416-1.
Burnie, David (1 September 2011). Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. Dorling Kindersley Limited. ISBN 978-1-4053-6233-7.
Heffelfinger, Jim (September 2006). Deer of the Southwest: A Complete Guide to the Natural History, Biology, and Management of Southwestern Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 97–111. ISBN 1585445150.

bucknell.edu

departments.bucknell.edu

Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

codot.gov

Siemers, Jeremy L.; Wilson, Kenneth R.; Baruch-Mordo, Sharon (May 2015). "MONITORING WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS: ANALYSIS AND COST- BENEFIT OF ESCAPE RAMPS FOR DEER AND ELK ON U.S. HIGHWAY 550". Colorado Department of Transportation: Applied Research and Innovation Branch.

colorado.edu

geo.colorado.edu

"Colorado Parks & Wildlife - Species Data - Mule Deer Migration Corridors - Colorado GeoLibrary". geo.colorado.edu. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

colostate.edu

source.colostate.edu

"Study quantifies natural gas development impacts on mule deer". SOURCE. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

congressionalsportsmen.org

"UNDERSTANDING MULE DEER MIGRATION Fact Sheet #12" (PDF). Mule Deer Working Group. July 2014.

coueswhitetail.com

Heffelfinger, J. (March 2011). "Tails with a Dark Side: The truth about whitetail–mule deer hybrids". Coues Whitetail. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

deernut.com

Heffelfinger, J. (11 April 2000). "Status of the name Odocoileus hemionus crooki (Mammalia: Cervidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 113 (1): 319–333. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.

desertmuseum.org

"Animal Fact Sheet: Mule Deer". Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

doi.org

Sanchez-Rojas, G.; Gallina-Tessaro, S. (2016). "Odocoileus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42393A22162113. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42393A22162113.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Anderson, Allen E.; Wallmo, Olof C. (27 April 1984). "Odocoileus hemionus". Mammalian Species (219): 1–9. doi:10.2307/3504024. JSTOR 3504024.
Mejía Salazar, María Fernanda; Waldner, Cheryl; Stookey, Joseph; Bollinger, Trent K. (23 March 2016). "Infectious Disease and Grouping Patterns in Mule Deer". PLOS One. 11 (3): e0150830. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150830M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150830. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4805189. PMID 27007808.
Anthony, Robert G.; Smith, Norman S. (February 1977). "Ecological Relationships between Mule Deer and White-Tailed Deer in Southeastern Arizona". Ecological Monographs. 47 (3): 255–277. Bibcode:1977EcoM...47..255A. doi:10.2307/1942517. hdl:10150/287962. JSTOR 1942517.
McCune, Bruce; Grenon, Jill; Mutch, Linda S.; Martin, Erin P. (2007). "Lichens in relation to management issues in the Sierra Nevada national parks". North American Fungi. 2: 2, 4. doi:10.2509/pnwf.2007.002.003 (inactive 19 March 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
Kucera, Thomas E. (21 August 1978). "Social Behavior and Breeding System of the Desert Mule Deer". Journal of Mammalogy. 59 (3): 463–476. doi:10.2307/1380224. ISSN 0022-2372. JSTOR 1380224.
Reiczigel, Jenő; Mejia Salazar, María Fernanda; Bollinger, Trent K.; Rózsa, Lajos (1 December 2015). "Comparing radio-tracking and visual detection methods to quantify group size measures". European Journal of Ecology. 1 (2): 1–4. doi:10.1515/eje-2015-0011. S2CID 52990318.
McCusker, S.; Shipley, L. A.; Tollefson, T. N.; Griffin, M.; Koutsos, E. A. (3 July 2011). "Effects of starch and fibre in pelleted diets on nutritional status of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns". Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 95 (4): 489–498. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01076.x. PMID 21091543.
deCalesta, David S.; Nagy, Julius G.; Bailey, James A. (October 1975). "Starving and Refeeding Mule Deer". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 39 (4): 663. doi:10.2307/3800224. JSTOR 3800224.
Wallmo, O. C.; Carpenter, L. H.; Regelin, W. L.; Gill, R. B.; Baker, D. L. (March 1977). "Evaluation of Deer Habitat on a Nutritional Basis". Journal of Range Management. 30 (2): 122. doi:10.2307/3897753. hdl:10150/646885. JSTOR 3897753.
Bergman, Eric J.; Doherty, Paul F.; Bishop, Chad J.; Wolfe, Lisa L.; Banulis, Bradley A.; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard (3 September 2014). "Herbivore Body Condition Response in Altered Environments: Mule Deer and Habitat Management". PLOS One. 9 (9): e106374. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6374B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106374. PMC 4153590. PMID 25184410.
Aikens, Ellen O.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Merkle, Jerod A.; Dwinnell, Samantha P. H.; Fralick, Gary L.; Kauffman, Matthew J. (August 2020). "Drought reshuffles plant phenology and reduces the foraging benefit of green-wave surfing for a migratory ungulate". Global Change Biology. 26 (8): 4215–4225. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.4215A. doi:10.1111/gcb.15169. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32524724. S2CID 219586821.
Sawyer, Hall; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Nielson, Ryan M. (September 2009). "Influence of Well Pad Activity on Winter Habitat Selection Patterns of Mule Deer". Journal of Wildlife Management. 73 (7): 1052–1061. Bibcode:2009JWMan..73.1052S. doi:10.2193/2008-478. ISSN 0022-541X. S2CID 26214504.
Coe, Priscilla K.; Nielson, Ryan M.; Jackson, Dewaine H.; Cupples, Jacqueline B.; Seidel, Nigel E.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Gregory, Sara C.; Bjornstrom, Greg A.; Larkins, Autumn N.; Speten, David A. (June 2015). "Identifying migration corridors of mule deer threatened by highway development: Mule Deer Migration and Highways". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 39 (2): 256–267. doi:10.1002/wsb.544.
Sawyer, Hall; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Middleton, Arthur D.; Morrison, Thomas A.; Nielson, Ryan M.; Wyckoff, Teal B. (5 December 2012). "A framework for understanding semi-permeable barrier effects on migratory ungulates". Journal of Applied Ecology. 50 (1): 68–78. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12013. ISSN 0021-8901.
Fraser, Devaughn L.; Ironside, Kirsten; Wayne, Robert K.; Boydston, Erin E. (May 2019). "Connectivity of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in a highly fragmented urban landscape". Landscape Ecology. 34 (5): 1097–1115. Bibcode:2019LaEco..34.1097F. doi:10.1007/s10980-019-00824-9. ISSN 0921-2973. S2CID 145022000.

dx.doi.org

Sawyer, Hall; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Nielson, Ryan M. (September 2009). "Influence of Well Pad Activity on Winter Habitat Selection Patterns of Mule Deer". Journal of Wildlife Management. 73 (7): 1052–1061. Bibcode:2009JWMan..73.1052S. doi:10.2193/2008-478. ISSN 0022-541X. S2CID 26214504.
Fraser, Devaughn L.; Ironside, Kirsten; Wayne, Robert K.; Boydston, Erin E. (May 2019). "Connectivity of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in a highly fragmented urban landscape". Landscape Ecology. 34 (5): 1097–1115. Bibcode:2019LaEco..34.1097F. doi:10.1007/s10980-019-00824-9. ISSN 0921-2973. S2CID 145022000.

eurekalert.org

"New study: Migrating mule deer don't need directions". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

gohunt.com

"New big game studies in Montana aimed at declining numbers, disease". goHUNT. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

granicus.com

heber-ut.granicus.com

"URBAN MULE DEER ISSUES Fact Sheet #9" (PDF). Mule Deer Working Group Fact Sheet. July 2014.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1817). "Extracts from the Journal of Mr. Charles Le Raye, relating to some new Quadrupeds of the Missouri Region, with Notes". The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review. 1 (6): 436. hdl:2027/mdp.39015073310313.
Anthony, Robert G.; Smith, Norman S. (February 1977). "Ecological Relationships between Mule Deer and White-Tailed Deer in Southeastern Arizona". Ecological Monographs. 47 (3): 255–277. Bibcode:1977EcoM...47..255A. doi:10.2307/1942517. hdl:10150/287962. JSTOR 1942517.
Wallmo, O. C.; Carpenter, L. H.; Regelin, W. L.; Gill, R. B.; Baker, D. L. (March 1977). "Evaluation of Deer Habitat on a Nutritional Basis". Journal of Range Management. 30 (2): 122. doi:10.2307/3897753. hdl:10150/646885. JSTOR 3897753.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Mejía Salazar, María Fernanda; Waldner, Cheryl; Stookey, Joseph; Bollinger, Trent K. (23 March 2016). "Infectious Disease and Grouping Patterns in Mule Deer". PLOS One. 11 (3): e0150830. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150830M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150830. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4805189. PMID 27007808.
Anthony, Robert G.; Smith, Norman S. (February 1977). "Ecological Relationships between Mule Deer and White-Tailed Deer in Southeastern Arizona". Ecological Monographs. 47 (3): 255–277. Bibcode:1977EcoM...47..255A. doi:10.2307/1942517. hdl:10150/287962. JSTOR 1942517.
Bergman, Eric J.; Doherty, Paul F.; Bishop, Chad J.; Wolfe, Lisa L.; Banulis, Bradley A.; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard (3 September 2014). "Herbivore Body Condition Response in Altered Environments: Mule Deer and Habitat Management". PLOS One. 9 (9): e106374. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6374B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106374. PMC 4153590. PMID 25184410.
Aikens, Ellen O.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Merkle, Jerod A.; Dwinnell, Samantha P. H.; Fralick, Gary L.; Kauffman, Matthew J. (August 2020). "Drought reshuffles plant phenology and reduces the foraging benefit of green-wave surfing for a migratory ungulate". Global Change Biology. 26 (8): 4215–4225. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.4215A. doi:10.1111/gcb.15169. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32524724. S2CID 219586821.
Sawyer, Hall; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Nielson, Ryan M. (September 2009). "Influence of Well Pad Activity on Winter Habitat Selection Patterns of Mule Deer". Journal of Wildlife Management. 73 (7): 1052–1061. Bibcode:2009JWMan..73.1052S. doi:10.2193/2008-478. ISSN 0022-541X. S2CID 26214504.
Fraser, Devaughn L.; Ironside, Kirsten; Wayne, Robert K.; Boydston, Erin E. (May 2019). "Connectivity of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in a highly fragmented urban landscape". Landscape Ecology. 34 (5): 1097–1115. Bibcode:2019LaEco..34.1097F. doi:10.1007/s10980-019-00824-9. ISSN 0921-2973. S2CID 145022000.

hcn.org

Aug. 20, Emily Benson; Now, 2018 From the print edition Like Tweet Email Print Subscribe Donate (20 August 2018). "The long, strange trip of Deer 255". www.hcn.org. Retrieved 25 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

idaho.gov

idfg.idaho.gov

"Mule Deer Initiative". Idaho Fish and Game. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

itis.gov

"Odocoileus hemionus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 23 March 2006.

iucnredlist.org

Sanchez-Rojas, G.; Gallina-Tessaro, S. (2016). "Odocoileus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42393A22162113. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42393A22162113.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

johninthewild.com

"Abandoned Fencing Is Detrimental to Mule Deer and Other Wildlife". John In The Wild. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

jstor.org

Anderson, Allen E.; Wallmo, Olof C. (27 April 1984). "Odocoileus hemionus". Mammalian Species (219): 1–9. doi:10.2307/3504024. JSTOR 3504024.
Anthony, Robert G.; Smith, Norman S. (February 1977). "Ecological Relationships between Mule Deer and White-Tailed Deer in Southeastern Arizona". Ecological Monographs. 47 (3): 255–277. Bibcode:1977EcoM...47..255A. doi:10.2307/1942517. hdl:10150/287962. JSTOR 1942517.
Kucera, Thomas E. (21 August 1978). "Social Behavior and Breeding System of the Desert Mule Deer". Journal of Mammalogy. 59 (3): 463–476. doi:10.2307/1380224. ISSN 0022-2372. JSTOR 1380224.
deCalesta, David S.; Nagy, Julius G.; Bailey, James A. (October 1975). "Starving and Refeeding Mule Deer". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 39 (4): 663. doi:10.2307/3800224. JSTOR 3800224.
Wallmo, O. C.; Carpenter, L. H.; Regelin, W. L.; Gill, R. B.; Baker, D. L. (March 1977). "Evaluation of Deer Habitat on a Nutritional Basis". Journal of Range Management. 30 (2): 122. doi:10.2307/3897753. hdl:10150/646885. JSTOR 3897753.

ksltv.com

Anderson, Mike (5 March 2019). "DWR Biologists Use Helicopter Rides, Ultrasound, To Check on Deer Pregnancies". KSL-TV. Cache County, UT: Bonneville International. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2019.

ku.edu

kufs.ku.edu

Timm, Robert M.; Slade, Norman A.; Pisani, George R. "Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque)". Mammals of Kansas. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

lakeheadu.ca

flash.lakeheadu.ca

Bowyer, R. Terry; McCullough, Dale R.; Belovsky, G. E. "Causes and consequences of sociality in mule deer" (PDF). Alces. 37 (2): 371–402. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.

migrationinitiative.org

"Red Desert to Hoback Migration Assessment | Wyoming Migration Initiative". migrationinitiative.org. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

motherearthnews.com

Petersen, David (1 November 1985). "North American Deer: Mule, Whitetail and Coastal Blacktail Deer". Mother Earth News. Ogden Publications. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2012.

nfwf.org

"Protecting big-game migration corridors". NFWF. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mejía Salazar, María Fernanda; Waldner, Cheryl; Stookey, Joseph; Bollinger, Trent K. (23 March 2016). "Infectious Disease and Grouping Patterns in Mule Deer". PLOS One. 11 (3): e0150830. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150830M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150830. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4805189. PMID 27007808.
McCusker, S.; Shipley, L. A.; Tollefson, T. N.; Griffin, M.; Koutsos, E. A. (3 July 2011). "Effects of starch and fibre in pelleted diets on nutritional status of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns". Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 95 (4): 489–498. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01076.x. PMID 21091543.
Bergman, Eric J.; Doherty, Paul F.; Bishop, Chad J.; Wolfe, Lisa L.; Banulis, Bradley A.; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard (3 September 2014). "Herbivore Body Condition Response in Altered Environments: Mule Deer and Habitat Management". PLOS One. 9 (9): e106374. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6374B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106374. PMC 4153590. PMID 25184410.
Aikens, Ellen O.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Merkle, Jerod A.; Dwinnell, Samantha P. H.; Fralick, Gary L.; Kauffman, Matthew J. (August 2020). "Drought reshuffles plant phenology and reduces the foraging benefit of green-wave surfing for a migratory ungulate". Global Change Biology. 26 (8): 4215–4225. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.4215A. doi:10.1111/gcb.15169. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32524724. S2CID 219586821.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mejía Salazar, María Fernanda; Waldner, Cheryl; Stookey, Joseph; Bollinger, Trent K. (23 March 2016). "Infectious Disease and Grouping Patterns in Mule Deer". PLOS One. 11 (3): e0150830. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1150830M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150830. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4805189. PMID 27007808.
Bergman, Eric J.; Doherty, Paul F.; Bishop, Chad J.; Wolfe, Lisa L.; Banulis, Bradley A.; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard (3 September 2014). "Herbivore Body Condition Response in Altered Environments: Mule Deer and Habitat Management". PLOS One. 9 (9): e106374. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6374B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106374. PMC 4153590. PMID 25184410.

nrdc.org

July 17; Denchak, 2017 Melissa. "How You Can Stop Global Warming". NRDC. Retrieved 6 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

nytimes.com

Jacobs, Andrew (2 November 2021). "Widespread Coronavirus Infection Found in Iowa Deer, New Study Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

openlibrary.org

Kufeld, Roland C.; Wallmo, O. C.; Feddema, Charles (July 1973). Foods of the Rocky Mountain Mule Deer (Report). USDA Forest Service. OL 14738499M – via Internet Archive.

sciencedaily.com

"Impacts of climate change on migrating mule deer". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
"New study reveals how fences hinder migratory wildlife in Western US". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Reiczigel, Jenő; Mejia Salazar, María Fernanda; Bollinger, Trent K.; Rózsa, Lajos (1 December 2015). "Comparing radio-tracking and visual detection methods to quantify group size measures". European Journal of Ecology. 1 (2): 1–4. doi:10.1515/eje-2015-0011. S2CID 52990318.
Aikens, Ellen O.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Merkle, Jerod A.; Dwinnell, Samantha P. H.; Fralick, Gary L.; Kauffman, Matthew J. (August 2020). "Drought reshuffles plant phenology and reduces the foraging benefit of green-wave surfing for a migratory ungulate". Global Change Biology. 26 (8): 4215–4225. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.4215A. doi:10.1111/gcb.15169. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32524724. S2CID 219586821.
Sawyer, Hall; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Nielson, Ryan M. (September 2009). "Influence of Well Pad Activity on Winter Habitat Selection Patterns of Mule Deer". Journal of Wildlife Management. 73 (7): 1052–1061. Bibcode:2009JWMan..73.1052S. doi:10.2193/2008-478. ISSN 0022-541X. S2CID 26214504.
Fraser, Devaughn L.; Ironside, Kirsten; Wayne, Robert K.; Boydston, Erin E. (May 2019). "Connectivity of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in a highly fragmented urban landscape". Landscape Ecology. 34 (5): 1097–1115. Bibcode:2019LaEco..34.1097F. doi:10.1007/s10980-019-00824-9. ISSN 0921-2973. S2CID 145022000.

sltrib.com

Harkins, Paighten (29 March 2022). "Utah mule deer is 1st in U.S. to test positive for COVID-19". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

archive.sltrib.com

Prettyman, Brett (19 October 2008). "Hunting: Whitetail deer influx brings mixed reaction". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022.

state.co.us

wildlife.state.co.us

Armstrong, David M. (19 June 2012). "Species Profile: Deer". Colorado Division of Wildlife. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

trib.com

staff, the Star-Tribune (8 October 2013). "Wyoming wildlife crossings labeled success". Casper Star-Tribune Online. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

usda.gov

efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov

Colorado Natural Resources Conservation Service (March 2000). "Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Fact Sheet" (PDF). USDA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.

utah.gov

wildlife.utah.gov

Mule Deer: Changing Landscapes, Changing Perspectives: Supplemental Feeding—Just Say No (PDF) (Report). Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Mule Deer Working Group. pp. 25–26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2020 – via Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.
"UNDERSTANDING MULE DEER MIGRATIONFact Sheet #12" (PDF). Mule Deer Working Group: Fact Sheet.

wcs.org

newsroom.wcs.org

"New Study Finds That Expanding Development Is Associated With Declining Deer Recruitment Across Western Colorado". newsroom.wcs.org. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

web.archive.org

Heffelfinger, J. (March 2011). "Tails with a Dark Side: The truth about whitetail–mule deer hybrids". Coues Whitetail. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Heffelfinger, J. (11 April 2000). "Status of the name Odocoileus hemionus crooki (Mammalia: Cervidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 113 (1): 319–333. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.
Petersen, David (1 November 1985). "North American Deer: Mule, Whitetail and Coastal Blacktail Deer". Mother Earth News. Ogden Publications. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
Misuraca, Michael (1999). "Odocoileus hemionus mule deer". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020.
Timm, Robert M.; Slade, Norman A.; Pisani, George R. "Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque)". Mammals of Kansas. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
"Sitka Black-tailed Deer Hunting Information". Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2014. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
"Animal Fact Sheet: Mule Deer". Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Anderson, Mike (5 March 2019). "DWR Biologists Use Helicopter Rides, Ultrasound, To Check on Deer Pregnancies". KSL-TV. Cache County, UT: Bonneville International. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
Colorado Natural Resources Conservation Service (March 2000). "Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Fact Sheet" (PDF). USDA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.
Armstrong, David M. (19 June 2012). "Species Profile: Deer". Colorado Division of Wildlife. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Mule Deer: Changing Landscapes, Changing Perspectives: Supplemental Feeding—Just Say No (PDF) (Report). Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Mule Deer Working Group. pp. 25–26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2020 – via Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.
Bowyer, R. Terry; McCullough, Dale R.; Belovsky, G. E. "Causes and consequences of sociality in mule deer" (PDF). Alces. 37 (2): 371–402. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2020.
"Red Desert to Hoback Migration Assessment | Wyoming Migration Initiative". migrationinitiative.org. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
"New big game studies in Montana aimed at declining numbers, disease". goHUNT. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
Harkins, Paighten (29 March 2022). "Utah mule deer is 1st in U.S. to test positive for COVID-19". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
Prettyman, Brett (19 October 2008). "Hunting: Whitetail deer influx brings mixed reaction". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022.
Jacobs, Andrew (2 November 2021). "Widespread Coronavirus Infection Found in Iowa Deer, New Study Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Aikens, Ellen O.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Merkle, Jerod A.; Dwinnell, Samantha P. H.; Fralick, Gary L.; Kauffman, Matthew J. (August 2020). "Drought reshuffles plant phenology and reduces the foraging benefit of green-wave surfing for a migratory ungulate". Global Change Biology. 26 (8): 4215–4225. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.4215A. doi:10.1111/gcb.15169. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32524724. S2CID 219586821.

doi.wiley.com

Coe, Priscilla K.; Nielson, Ryan M.; Jackson, Dewaine H.; Cupples, Jacqueline B.; Seidel, Nigel E.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Gregory, Sara C.; Bjornstrom, Greg A.; Larkins, Autumn N.; Speten, David A. (June 2015). "Identifying migration corridors of mule deer threatened by highway development: Mule Deer Migration and Highways". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 39 (2): 256–267. doi:10.1002/wsb.544.

worldcat.org

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