Multiple discovery (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Multiple discovery" in English language version.

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Sommer has introduced the term "nulltiple" to describe a scientific discovery that is suppressed or blocked from publication or dissemination via normal scientific channels, see Sommer, Toby J. (2001). "Bahramdipity and Nulltiple Scientific Discoveries" (PDF). Science and Engineering Ethics. 7 (1): 77–104. doi:10.1007/s11948-001-0025-7. PMID 11214387. S2CID 23807206.. Per Sommer, nulltiple discoveries are often made serendipitously as part of an otherwise directed research program.^{[verification needed]} As such, they are less likely to be re-discovered by others as is the case with many multiples. Sometimes nulltiples do eventually come to light, but often within circumstances of historical research rather than as a primary scientific disclosure.^{[verification needed]}

Merton, Robert K. (1963). Resistance to the Systematic Study of Multiple Discoveries in Science. Vol. 4. pp. 237–282. doi:10.1017/S0003975600000801. ISBN 9780226520704. S2CID 145650007. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); |journal= ignored (help) Reprinted in Merton, Robert K., The Sociology of Science, op. cit., pp. 371–382.

Merton, Robert K. (1963). Resistance to the Systematic Study of Multiple Discoveries in Science. Vol. 4. pp. 237–282. doi:10.1017/S0003975600000801. ISBN 9780226520704. S2CID 145650007. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); |journal= ignored (help) Reprinted in Merton, Robert K., The Sociology of Science, op. cit., pp. 371–382.
Sommer has introduced the term "nulltiple" to describe a scientific discovery that is suppressed or blocked from publication or dissemination via normal scientific channels, see Sommer, Toby J. (2001). "Bahramdipity and Nulltiple Scientific Discoveries" (PDF). Science and Engineering Ethics. 7 (1): 77–104. doi:10.1007/s11948-001-0025-7. PMID 11214387. S2CID 23807206.. Per Sommer, nulltiple discoveries are often made serendipitously as part of an otherwise directed research program.^{[verification needed]} As such, they are less likely to be re-discovered by others as is the case with many multiples. Sometimes nulltiples do eventually come to light, but often within circumstances of historical research rather than as a primary scientific disclosure.^{[verification needed]}

Griswold, Martin (2012-11-25). "Are Inventions Inevitable? Simultaneous Invention and the Incremental Nature of Discovery" (self-published blog). The Long Nose: Technology and the Economy. Retrieved 17 April 2016.

Sommer has introduced the term "nulltiple" to describe a scientific discovery that is suppressed or blocked from publication or dissemination via normal scientific channels, see Sommer, Toby J. (2001). "Bahramdipity and Nulltiple Scientific Discoveries" (PDF). Science and Engineering Ethics. 7 (1): 77–104. doi:10.1007/s11948-001-0025-7. PMID 11214387. S2CID 23807206.. Per Sommer, nulltiple discoveries are often made serendipitously as part of an otherwise directed research program.^{[verification needed]} As such, they are less likely to be re-discovered by others as is the case with many multiples. Sometimes nulltiples do eventually come to light, but often within circumstances of historical research rather than as a primary scientific disclosure.^{[verification needed]}

Merton, Robert K. (1963). Resistance to the Systematic Study of Multiple Discoveries in Science. Vol. 4. pp. 237–282. doi:10.1017/S0003975600000801. ISBN 9780226520704. S2CID 145650007. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); |journal= ignored (help) Reprinted in Merton, Robert K., The Sociology of Science, op. cit., pp. 371–382.
Sommer has introduced the term "nulltiple" to describe a scientific discovery that is suppressed or blocked from publication or dissemination via normal scientific channels, see Sommer, Toby J. (2001). "Bahramdipity and Nulltiple Scientific Discoveries" (PDF). Science and Engineering Ethics. 7 (1): 77–104. doi:10.1007/s11948-001-0025-7. PMID 11214387. S2CID 23807206.. Per Sommer, nulltiple discoveries are often made serendipitously as part of an otherwise directed research program.^{[verification needed]} As such, they are less likely to be re-discovered by others as is the case with many multiples. Sometimes nulltiples do eventually come to light, but often within circumstances of historical research rather than as a primary scientific disclosure.^{[verification needed]}