Miyakawa, Y.; Yoshizawa, H.; Mishiro, S.; Machida, A.; Akahane, Y.; Sugai, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Sugiyama, Y.; Okada, S.; Okamoto, H. (August 1990). "Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a two-stage polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers deduced from the 5'-noncoding region". The Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine. 60 (4): 215–222. PMID1963453.