Music technology (electronic and digital) (English Wikipedia)

Romo, Taylor, "MIDI: A Standard for Music in the Ever Changing Digital Age" (2018). Capstone Projects and Master's Theses. 368. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes_all/368

discogs.com (Global: 91^st place; English: 122^nd place)

Birtwistle, Harrison (1975). Chronometer. on The Triumph Of Time / Chronometer (Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Series #8) (Vinyl, LP, Album). UK: Argo. ZRG 790.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Pinch, T. J.; Bijsterveld, Karin (July 2003). ""Should One Applaud?" Breaches and Boundaries in the Reception of New Technology in Music". Technology and Culture. 44 (3): 536–559. doi:10.1353/tech.2003.0126. S2CID 132403480. By the time the first commercially successful digital instrument, the Yamaha DX7 (lifetime sales of two hundred thousand), appeared in 1983 ... (Note: the above sales number seems about whole DX series)
Wise, Stuart; Greenwood, Janinka; Davis, Niki (July 2011). "Teachers' use of digital technology in secondary music education: illustrations of changing classrooms". British Journal of Music Education. 28 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1017/S0265051711000039. ISSN 0265-0517. S2CID 145627220.
Strawn, John; Shockley, Alan (2014). "Computers and music | Grove Music". www.oxfordmusiconline.com. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2256184. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 2019-10-01.
Rodet, Xavier; Potard, Yves; Barrière, Jean-Baptiste (1984). "The CHANT Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General". Computer Music Journal. 8 (3): 30. doi:10.2307/3679810. JSTOR 3679810. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
Rodet, Xavier; Potard, Yves; Barriere, Jean-Baptiste (1984). "The CHANT Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General". Computer Music Journal. 8 (3): 15. doi:10.2307/3679810. JSTOR 3679810. S2CID 15320133.
Bruno, Chelsea A (2014-03-25). Vocal Synthesis and Deep Listening (Master of Music Music thesis). Florida International University. doi:10.25148/etd.fi14040802.
Miranda, Eduardo Reck (2011). "Brain-computer music interface for composition and performance". International Journal on Disability and Human Development. 5 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1515/IJDHD.2006.5.2.119. ISSN 2191-0367. S2CID 6079751.
Porcaro, A. (2013, October 16). Moog, Robert A(rthur). Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2250264.

emusician.com (Global: low place; English: 8,768^th place)

Chadabe, Joel (1 May 2000). "Part IV: The Seeds of the Future". Electronic Musician. XVI (5). Penton Media. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012.

ericarcher.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Seeburg Portable Select-A-Rhythm Service Manual (PDF). Seeburg Sales Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. — rhythm patterns were fully electronically generated by 48-step binary counter using 6-stage flip-flops

espacenet.com (Global: 800^th place; English: 676^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

US patent 3358068, Richard H. Campbell Jr., Gilford, N.H. (Seeburg Corporation), "Musical Instruments", issued 1967-12-12
— When this patent was filed in 1964-06-26, also Automatic Rhythm Device, Automatic Repetitive Rhythm Instrument Timing Circuitry, and its sound circuits Snare Drum Instrument and Cow Bell Instrument were filed at the same time.

factmag.com (Global: 3,025^th place; English: 1,758^th place)

Twells, John. "The 14 Synthesizers that Shaped Modern Music". Fact Music News. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
The life and times of Ikutaro Kakehashi, the Roland pioneer modern music owes everything to, Fact
"The 14 drum machines that shaped modern music". factmag.com. 22 September 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2018.

fiu.edu (Global: 2,720^th place; English: 2,452^nd place)

digitalcommons.fiu.edu

Bruno, Chelsea A (2014-03-25). Vocal Synthesis and Deep Listening (Master of Music Music thesis). Florida International University. doi:10.25148/etd.fi14040802.

google.ms (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Automatic rhythm instrument".

grammy.com (Global: 364^th place; English: 250^th place)

"Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi And Dave Smith". 29 January 2013.
"Ikutaro Kakehashi, Dave Smith: Technical GRAMMY Award Acceptance". 9 February 2013.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Rodet, Xavier; Potard, Yves; Barrière, Jean-Baptiste (1984). "The CHANT Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General". Computer Music Journal. 8 (3): 30. doi:10.2307/3679810. JSTOR 3679810. Retrieved 2024-02-08.
Rodet, Xavier; Potard, Yves; Barriere, Jean-Baptiste (1984). "The CHANT Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General". Computer Music Journal. 8 (3): 15. doi:10.2307/3679810. JSTOR 3679810. S2CID 15320133.
Colby Leider (Autumn 2006). "Digital Audio Workstation". Computer Music Journal. 30 (3): 106–107. ISSN 0148-9267. JSTOR 4617975.

keyboardmag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Preve, Francis (1 June 2010). "Sampler Evolution". Keyboard Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. 1976 / COMPUTER MUSIC MELODIAN / Based on a DEC PDP-8 computer, it had then-unheard-of 12-bit/22kHz resolution.

korg.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Donca-Matic (1963)". Korg Museum. Korg.

matrixsynth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

m.matrixsynth.com

"Vintage Seeburg Rhythm Prince Drum Machine". MatrixSynth. 2 February 2011.
"Seeburg Select-a-Rhythm Vintage Drum Machine". MatrixSynth. 3 May 2011.

moogmusic.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Switched-On Bach: How the World Met Moog". www.moogmusic.com. Retrieved 2024-04-12.

mtechonline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

m:tech educational services. "What is Music Technology?". Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013.

musicradar.com (Global: 2,140^th place; English: 1,259^th place)

Solida, Scot (24 January 2011). "The 10 most important hardware samplers in history". Music Radar. Retrieved December 8, 2015.

musictech.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gale, Dave (2018-07-18). "The History of the Vocoder – Putting It Into Words". MusicTech. Retrieved 2019-10-01.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

archive.nytimes.com

DuBois, R. Luke (2011-06-09). "The First Computer Musician". Opinionator. Retrieved 2024-04-12.

nyu.edu (Global: 1,174^th place; English: 773^rd place)

steinhardt.nyu.edu

"Music Technology". steinhardt.nyu.edu. Retrieved 17 April 2018.

oxfordmusiconline.com (Global: 2,108^th place; English: 1,343^rd place)

Strawn, John; Shockley, Alan (2014). "Computers and music | Grove Music". www.oxfordmusiconline.com. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2256184. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 2019-10-01.

patents.google.com (Global: 1,182^nd place; English: 725^th place)

US patent 3358068, Richard H. Campbell Jr., Gilford, N.H. (Seeburg Corporation), "Musical Instruments", issued 1967-12-12
— When this patent was filed in 1964-06-26, also Automatic Rhythm Device, Automatic Repetitive Rhythm Instrument Timing Circuitry, and its sound circuits Snare Drum Instrument and Cow Bell Instrument were filed at the same time.

radionz.co.nz (Global: 5,259^th place; English: 3,182^nd place)

Cockerell, David (1 October 2013), Interview – David Cockerell, archived from the original on 21 October 2017
on These Hopeful Machines, archived from the original on 21 October 2017
as a corner of radio program Sound Lounge, Radio New Zealand, [Q] ...Chronometer [3], as I understand it, the sounds of the clock mechanisms and all the rest of it were effectively sampled by an ADC, stored and manipulated by the computer and then spat out again. What was the breakthrough ... [A] Peter kept buying the latest computers that came out and of course the memory increased. Then I built him a hard disc recorder so that one could store some of the sounds on this hard disc. ...

reverb.com (Global: low place; English: 8,317^th place)

"A Brief History of the Akai MPC". reverb.com. 2017-02-22. Retrieved 2025-04-01.

roland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Roland – Company – History – Our History".

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Pinch, T. J.; Bijsterveld, Karin (July 2003). ""Should One Applaud?" Breaches and Boundaries in the Reception of New Technology in Music". Technology and Culture. 44 (3): 536–559. doi:10.1353/tech.2003.0126. S2CID 132403480. By the time the first commercially successful digital instrument, the Yamaha DX7 (lifetime sales of two hundred thousand), appeared in 1983 ... (Note: the above sales number seems about whole DX series)
Wise, Stuart; Greenwood, Janinka; Davis, Niki (July 2011). "Teachers' use of digital technology in secondary music education: illustrations of changing classrooms". British Journal of Music Education. 28 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1017/S0265051711000039. ISSN 0265-0517. S2CID 145627220.
Rodet, Xavier; Potard, Yves; Barriere, Jean-Baptiste (1984). "The CHANT Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General". Computer Music Journal. 8 (3): 15. doi:10.2307/3679810. JSTOR 3679810. S2CID 15320133.
Miranda, Eduardo Reck (2011). "Brain-computer music interface for composition and performance". International Journal on Disability and Human Development. 5 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1515/IJDHD.2006.5.2.119. ISSN 2191-0367. S2CID 6079751.

soundonsound.com (Global: 2,107^th place; English: 1,211^th place)

Reid, Gordon (2004), "The History Of Roland Part 1: 1930–1978", Sound on Sound (November), retrieved 19 June 2011
Hawken, Dominic (January 1995). "Yamaha Promix 01". Sound On Sound. Retrieved 2025-04-01.

stanford.edu (Global: 179^th place; English: 183^rd place)

ccrma.stanford.edu

"Singing Kelly-Lochbaum Vocal Tract". ccrma.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-01.

sub.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

tokyosky.sub.jp

Rockin'f [nl], March 1982, pp. 140–141

synrise.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Firstman International". SYNRISE (in German). Archived from the original on 2003-04-20. FIRSTMAN existiert seit 1972 und hat seinen Ursprung in Japan. Dort ist die Firma unter dem Markennamen HILLWOOD bekannt. HILLWOOD baute dann auch 1973 den quasi ersten Synthesizer von FIRSTMAN. Die Firma MULTIVOX liess ihre Instrumente von 1976 bis 1980 bei HILLWOOD bauen. SQ-10 / mon syn kmi ? (1980) / Monophoner Synthesizer mit wahrscheinlich eingebautem Sequenzer. Die Tastatur umfasst 37 Tasten. Die Klangerzeugung beruht auf zwei VCOs.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Vine, Richard (15 June 2011). "Tadao Kikumoto invents the Roland TB-303". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 July 2011.

upenn.edu (Global: 702^nd place; English: 520^th place)

Chinen, Nate (27 August 2013). "Synthesizing Music and Science". ARTS. The Pennsylvania Gazette. No. Sept–Oct 2013. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. (see also a photograph Archived 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine of the Computer Music Melodian and Harry Mendell)
"...Mendell's pursuit of innovation, which brought some rather momentous results during his undergraduate years at Penn. / It was then, in the mid-1970s, that Mendell invented the world's first digital sampling synthesizer at an electronic-music laboratory that had been set up in the Annenberg Center. ... / Mendell licensed the Melodian technology to Yamaha, which used it to make a chip for commercial purposes. He also worked with Commodore. ... / A few days after our meeting, Mendell sends an email with the subject line "Exactly what I had in mind (in 1975)!"..."

vintagesynth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ARP 2600 | Vintage Synth Explorer". Vintage Synth Explorer. Retrieved 2025-08-22.
Yamaha GX-1, Vintage Synth Explorer

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

m:tech educational services. "What is Music Technology?". Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
Twells, John. "The 14 Synthesizers that Shaped Modern Music". Fact Music News. Archived from the original on 2014-03-06. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
Seeburg Portable Select-A-Rhythm Service Manual (PDF). Seeburg Sales Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. — rhythm patterns were fully electronically generated by 48-step binary counter using 6-stage flip-flops
Cockerell, David (1 October 2013), Interview – David Cockerell, archived from the original on 21 October 2017
on These Hopeful Machines, archived from the original on 21 October 2017
as a corner of radio program Sound Lounge, Radio New Zealand, [Q] ...Chronometer [3], as I understand it, the sounds of the clock mechanisms and all the rest of it were effectively sampled by an ADC, stored and manipulated by the computer and then spat out again. What was the breakthrough ... [A] Peter kept buying the latest computers that came out and of course the memory increased. Then I built him a hard disc recorder so that one could store some of the sounds on this hard disc. ...
Hall, Tom (2015), "Before The Mask: Birtwistle's electronic music collaborations with Peter Zinovieff", in Beard, David; Gloag, Kenneth; Jones, Nicholas (eds.), Harrison Birtwistle Studies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–94, ISBN 978-1-107-09374-4, archived from the original on 20 December 2017
Preve, Francis (1 June 2010). "Sampler Evolution". Keyboard Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. 1976 / COMPUTER MUSIC MELODIAN / Based on a DEC PDP-8 computer, it had then-unheard-of 12-bit/22kHz resolution.
Chinen, Nate (27 August 2013). "Synthesizing Music and Science". ARTS. The Pennsylvania Gazette. No. Sept–Oct 2013. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. (see also a photograph Archived 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine of the Computer Music Melodian and Harry Mendell)
"...Mendell's pursuit of innovation, which brought some rather momentous results during his undergraduate years at Penn. / It was then, in the mid-1970s, that Mendell invented the world's first digital sampling synthesizer at an electronic-music laboratory that had been set up in the Annenberg Center. ... / Mendell licensed the Melodian technology to Yamaha, which used it to make a chip for commercial purposes. He also worked with Commodore. ... / A few days after our meeting, Mendell sends an email with the subject line "Exactly what I had in mind (in 1975)!"..."
Chadabe, Joel (1 May 2000). "Part IV: The Seeds of the Future". Electronic Musician. XVI (5). Penton Media. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012.
"[Chapter 2] FM Tone Generators and the Dawn of Home Music Production". Yamaha Synth 40th Anniversary – History. Yamaha Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-10-23.
"Firstman International". SYNRISE (in German). Archived from the original on 2003-04-20. FIRSTMAN existiert seit 1972 und hat seinen Ursprung in Japan. Dort ist die Firma unter dem Markennamen HILLWOOD bekannt. HILLWOOD baute dann auch 1973 den quasi ersten Synthesizer von FIRSTMAN. Die Firma MULTIVOX liess ihre Instrumente von 1976 bis 1980 bei HILLWOOD bauen. SQ-10 / mon syn kmi ? (1980) / Monophoner Synthesizer mit wahrscheinlich eingebautem Sequenzer. Die Tastatur umfasst 37 Tasten. Die Klangerzeugung beruht auf zwei VCOs.
"A Tale of Two String Synths", Sound on Sound, July 2002

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nl.wikipedia.org

Rockin'f [nl], March 1982, pp. 140–141

wisegeek.com (Global: 4,238^th place; English: 3,536^th place)

wiseGeek. "What Is Audio Engineering?". Retrieved 17 May 2013.

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Wise, Stuart; Greenwood, Janinka; Davis, Niki (July 2011). "Teachers' use of digital technology in secondary music education: illustrations of changing classrooms". British Journal of Music Education. 28 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1017/S0265051711000039. ISSN 0265-0517. S2CID 145627220.
Colby Leider (Autumn 2006). "Digital Audio Workstation". Computer Music Journal. 30 (3): 106–107. ISSN 0148-9267. JSTOR 4617975.
Miranda, Eduardo Reck (2011). "Brain-computer music interface for composition and performance". International Journal on Disability and Human Development. 5 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1515/IJDHD.2006.5.2.119. ISSN 2191-0367. S2CID 6079751.

yamaha.com (Global: 5,883^rd place; English: 5,619^th place)

usa.yamaha.com

"[Chapter 2] FM Tone Generators and the Dawn of Home Music Production". Yamaha Synth 40th Anniversary – History. Yamaha Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-10-23.

Music technology (electronic and digital) (English Wikipedia)

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