Muslim conquests of Afghanistan (English Wikipedia)

Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1979). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. Sterling Publishers. p. 31. ISBN 9788120706170. Modern Afghanistan was part of ancient India; the Afghans belonged to the pale of Indo-Aryan civilisation. In the eighty century, the country was known by two regional names—Kabul land Zabul. The northern part, called Kabul (or Kabulistan) was governed by a Buddhist dynasty. Its capital and the river on the banks of which it was situated, also bore the same name. Lalliya, a Brahmin minister of the last Buddhist ruler Lagaturman, deposed his master and laid the foundation of the Hindushahi dynasty in c. 865.
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bdus.cloud (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghazni.bdus.cloud

"The Buddhist site of Tapa Sardar". Italian Archaeological Mission in Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

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André Wink (2002). Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2. Brill Publishers. p. 120. ISBN 0391041738.
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Nile Green (2017). Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban. Cambridge University Press. pp. 44, 46–47. ISBN 9780520294134.
André Wink (June 1991). Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2. Brill Publishers. p. 120. ISBN 9004095098.
Islam and Tibet – Interactions along the Musk Route. Routlegde. 2011. pp. 46–48. ISBN 9780754669562.
H.A.R. Gibb (2013). The Arab Conquests in Central Asia. Read Books Ltd. p. 32. ISBN 9781446545638.
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Satish Chandra (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One. Har-Anand Publishers. p. 22. ISBN 9788124110645.
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Cameron A. Petrie (2020-12-28). Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9781785703065.
Nile Green (2017). Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban. Cambridge University Press. pp. 43, 44. ISBN 9780520294134.
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Touraj Daryaee (2012-02-16). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780199732159.
M.A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 28. ISBN 9780521295345.
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M.A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The Abbasid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780521295345.
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M. A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31, 32. ISBN 9780521295345.
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Islam and Tibet – Interactions along the Musk Route. Routlegde. 2011. pp. 51, 53. ISBN 9780754669562.
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Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest – Volume I. Brill. June 1991. pp. 119, 124. ISBN 9004095098.
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M. A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780521295345.
Daryaee, Touraj; Daryāyī, Tūraǧ (16 February 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-19-973215-9.
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M. A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780521295345.
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M. A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780521295345.
Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. SUNY Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780791418284.
Khalid Yahya Blankinship (28 June 1994). The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. SUNY Press. p. 130. ISBN 9780791496831.
Khalid Yahya Blankinship (28 June 1994). The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. SUNY Press. p. 147. ISBN 9780791496831.
Khalid Yahya Blankinship (January 1994). The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. SUNY Press. pp. 185–186. ISBN 9780791496831.
André Wink (2002). Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World – Volume I: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries. Brill. p. 125. ISBN 0391041738.
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Cameron A. Petrie (2020-12-28). Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9781785703065.
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The History of al-Tabari Vol. 14: The Conquest of Iran A.D. 641-643/A.H. 21-23. Translated by G. Rex Smith. SUNY Press. 2015. p. 76. ISBN 9781438420394.
The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History. Routledge. 2016. p. 187. ISBN 9781317358077.
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Christopher I. Beckwith (1993-03-28). The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power Among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese During the Early Middle Ages. Princeton University Press. p. 70. ISBN 0691024693.
M. A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 9780521295345.
H.A.R. Gibb (2013). The Arab Conquests in Central Asia. Read Books Ltd. p. 36. ISBN 9781446545638.
M. A. Shaban (1979-03-08). The 'Abbāsid Revolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 9780521295345.
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat, A.D. 1206-1526, edited by Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami. People's Publishing House. 1970. pp. 145–46.
Wink, André (1991). Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2. BRILL. p. 95. ISBN 978-90-04-09509-0.
M. S. Asimov; C. E. Bosworth, eds. (1992). History of Civilizations of Central Asia – Volume IV, Part I. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 179. ISBN 9788120815957.
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Esposito 2000, p. 38. Esposito, John L. (2000). The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199880416.
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries. Brill. 2002. p. 112. ISBN 0391041738.
Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford University Press. 2014. p. 174. ISBN 9780199330799.
Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Brill. 2007-12-26. p. 257. ISBN 9789047423836.
William Bayne Fisher (1975-06-26). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780521200936.
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Satish Chandra (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One. Har-Anand Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9788124110645.
William Bayne Fisher (1975-06-26). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9780521200936.
William Bayne Fisher (1975-06-26). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780521200936.
William Bayne Fisher (June 2015). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 112. ISBN 9781317451587.
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Denis Sinor (March 1990). The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 359. ISBN 9780521243049.
Cameron A. Petrie (28 December 2020). Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200. Oxbow Books. p. 83. ISBN 9781785703065.
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries. Brill. 2002. pp. 126, 328. ISBN 0391041738.
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Hasun Kawun Kakar (2011-01-15). Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir 'Abd Al-Rahman Khan. University of Texas Press. p. xvii. ISBN 9780292729001.
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Muhmmad Nazim (2014-08-13). The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9781107456594.
Muhmmad Nazim (2014-08-13). The Life and Times of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna. Cambridge University Press. p. 75. ISBN 9781107456594.
André Wink (2002). Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th-13th centuries. Brill. p. 123. ISBN 0391041746.
Richard N. Frye (1975-06-26). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780521200936.
Vasily Bartold (2014-07-14). An Historical Geography of Iran. Princeton University Press. p. 85. ISBN 9781400853229.
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Hasun Kawun Kakar (2011-01-15). Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir 'Abd Al-Rahman Khan. University of Texas Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780292729001.
Hasun Kawun Kakar (2011-01-15). Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir 'Abd Al-Rahman Khan. University of Texas Press. p. xxiv, 151. ISBN 9780292729001.
Hasun Kawun Kakar (2011-01-15). Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir 'Abd Al-Rahman Khan. University of Texas Press. p. 174. ISBN 9780292729001.
Vasily Bartold (2013-10-17). An Historical Geography of Iran. Princeton University Press. p. 85. ISBN 9781107662094.
Nile Green (2017). Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban. University of California Press. pp. 142–143. ISBN 9780520294134.
Percy Sykes (2014-07-10). A History of Afghanistan: Volumes 1 and 2, Volume 1. Routledge. p. 195. ISBN 9781317845874.
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doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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Richard F. Strand (31 December 2005). "Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan". nuristan.info.

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"The Buddhist site of Tapa Sardar". Italian Archaeological Mission in Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

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Dupree, Nancy (1971) "Sites in Perspective (Chapter 3)" An Historical Guide To Afghanistan Afghan Tourist Organization, Kabul, OCLC 241390

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Zetterstéen, K. V. (1960). "ʿAbbād b. Ziyād". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 5. OCLC 495469456.

Muslim conquests of Afghanistan (English Wikipedia)

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