Mustard gas (English Wikipedia)

Fries AA, West CJ (1921). Chemical warfare. University of California Libraries. New York [etc.] McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc. p. 176. (...) on the night of July 12, 1917 (...)
Fries AA, West CJ (1921). Chemical warfare. University of California Libraries. New York [etc.] McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc. p. 150. (...) 'Ypres,' a name used by the French, because the compound was first used at Ypres (...)

army.mil (Global: 249^th place; English: 169^th place)

cma.army.mil

The U.S. Army's Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) Archived October 15, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. cma.army.mil. Retrieved on November 11, 2011.
"Milestones in U.S. Chemical Weapons Storage and Destruction, fact sheet, US Chemical Materials Agency". Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

Paul Blake (September 11, 2015). "US official: 'IS making and using chemical weapons in Iraq and Syria'". BBC. Retrieved September 16, 2015.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"Syria war: IS 'used mustard gas' on Assad troops". BBC News. April 5, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Van Bergen, Leo (2009). Before My Helpless Sight: Suffering, Dying and Military Medicine on the Western Front, 1914–1918. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-7546-5853-5.
Stewart, Charles D. (2006). Weapons of mass casualties and terrorism response handbook. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. p. 47. ISBN 0-7637-2425-4.
Townshend C (1986). "Civilisation and "Frightfulness": Air Control in the Middle East Between the Wars". In Chris Wrigley (ed.). Warfare, diplomacy and politics: essays in honour of A.J.P. Taylor. Hamilton. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-241-11789-7.
K. Coleman (May 23, 2005). A History of Chemical Warfare. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-0-230-50183-6.

boston.com (Global: 310^th place; English: 208^th place)

Wickett, Shana, Beth Daley (June 8, 2010). "Fishing crewman exposed to mustard gas from shell". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on June 9, 2010.

bristolpast.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Photographic Archive of Avonmouth Bristol BS11". BristolPast.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2014.

cbwinfo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Blister Agent: Mustard gas (H, HD, HS) Archived July 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, CBWinfo.com

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

atsdr.cdc.gov

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. "3. HEALTH EFFECTS" (PDF). Retrieved November 18, 2025.

cdc.gov

The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Mustard-Lewisite Mixture (HL). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Accessed March 19, 2009.

cornwallcommunitymuseum.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hill 70 & Cornwall's Deadly Mustard Gas Plant". Cornwall Community Museum. Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Historical Society. September 18, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.

dailypress.com (Global: 4,017^th place; English: 2,219^th place)

articles.dailypress.com

Bull J (October 30, 2005). "The Deadliness Below". Daily Press Virginia. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2013.

dcist.com (Global: low place; English: 7,772^nd place)

"Cleanup Complete At WWI Chemical Weapons Dump In D.C.'s Spring Valley". DCist. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.

dickinson.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,594^th place)

itech.dickinson.edu

By Any Other Name: Origins of Mustard Gas Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine. Itech.dickinson.edu (2008-04-25). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.

docksci.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sathe M, Srivastava S, Merwyn S, et al. (July 24, 2014). "Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of thiodiglycol sulfoxide, a degradation product of sulfur mustard". The Analyst. 139 (20): 5118–26. Bibcode:2014Ana...139.5118S. doi:10.1039/C4AN00720D. PMID 25121638.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Salouti R, Ghazavi R, Rajabi S, et al. (2020). "Sulfur Mustard and Immunology; Trends of 20 Years Research in the Web of Science Core Collection: A Scientometric Review". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 49 (7): 1202–1210. doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3573. ISSN 2251-6085. PMC 7548481. PMID 33083286.
Watson AP, Griffin GD (1992). "Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program". Environmental Health Perspectives. 98: 259–280. Bibcode:1992EnvHP..98..259W. doi:10.1289/ehp.9298259. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1519623. PMID 1486858.
Smith SL (February 27, 2017). "War! What is it good for? Mustard gas medicine". CMAJ. 189 (8): E321–E322. doi:10.1503/cmaj.161032. PMC 5325736. PMID 28246228.
Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Ghazanfari T, Ghasemi H, Yaraee R, et al. (2019). "Tear and serum interleukin-8 and serum CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL5 in sulfur mustard eye-exposed patients". International Immunopharmacology. 77 105844. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105844. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31669888. S2CID 204967476.
Heidary F, Gharebaghi R, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Angiogenesis modulatory factors in subjects with chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard exposure: A case-control study". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105843. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105843. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31629219. S2CID 204799405.
Heidary F, Ardestani SK, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Alteration in serum levels of ICAM-1 and P-, E- and L-selectins in seriously eye-injured long-term following sulfur-mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105820. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105820. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31480003. S2CID 201831881.
Safarinejad MR, Moosavi SA, Montazeri B (2001). "Ocular injuries caused by mustard gas: diagnosis, treatment, and medical defense". Military Medicine. 166 (1): 67–70. doi:10.1093/milmed/166.1.67. PMID 11197102.
Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A, Imani Fooladi AA, et al. (2014). "Microarray gene expression analysis of the human airway in patients exposed to sulfur mustard". Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction. 34 (4): 283–9. doi:10.3109/10799893.2014.896379. PMID 24823320. S2CID 41665583.
Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Geraci MJ (2008). "Mustard gas: imminent danger or eminent threat?". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1345/aph.1K445. ISSN 1542-6270. PMID 18212254. S2CID 207263000.
Dabrowska MI, Becks LL, Lelli JL Jr, et al. (1996). "Sulfur Mustard Induces Apoptosis and Necrosis in Endothelial Cells". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 141 (2): 568–83. Bibcode:1996ToxAP.141..568D. doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0324. PMID 8975783.
Ghabili K, Agutter PS, Ghanei M, et al. (October 2010). "Mustard gas toxicity: the acute and chronic pathological effects". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 30 (7): 627–643. doi:10.1002/jat.1581. ISSN 0260-437X. PMID 20836142.
Frescoln LD (December 7, 1918). "Mustard (Yellow Cross) Burns". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 71 (23): 1911. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.26020490013010b. ISSN 0098-7484.
F. Guthrie (1860). "XIII.—On some derivatives from the olefines". Q. J. Chem. Soc. 12 (1): 109–126. doi:10.1039/QJ8601200109.
Duchovic, Ronald J., Vilensky, Joel A. (2007). "Mustard Gas: Its Pre-World War I History". J. Chem. Educ. 84 (6): 944. Bibcode:2007JChEd..84..944D. doi:10.1021/ed084p944.
Duchovic RJ, Vilensky JA (2007). "Mustard Gas: Its Pre-World War I History". Journal of Chemical Education. 84 (6): 944. Bibcode:2007JChEd..84..944D. doi:10.1021/ed084p944. ISSN 0021-9584.
Benschop HP, van der Schans GP, Noort D, et al. (July 1, 1997). "Verification of Exposure to Sulfur Mustard in Two Casualties of the Iran-Iraq Conflict". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 21 (4): 249–251. doi:10.1093/jat/21.4.249. PMID 9248939.
Krumbhaar EB (1919). "Rôle of the blood and the bone marrow in certain forms of gas poisoning: I. peripheral blood changes and their significance". JAMA. 72: 39–41. doi:10.1001/jama.1919.26110010018009f.
Gilman A (May 1963). "The initial clinical trial of nitrogen mustard". Am. J. Surg. 105 (5): 574–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(63)90232-0. PMID 13947966.
Scott LJ (June 1, 2017). "Chlormethine 160 mcg/g gel in mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a profile of its use in the EU". Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. 33 (6): 249–253. doi:10.1007/s40267-017-0409-7. ISSN 1179-1977. S2CID 256367068.
Sathe M, Srivastava S, Merwyn S, et al. (July 24, 2014). "Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of thiodiglycol sulfoxide, a degradation product of sulfur mustard". The Analyst. 139 (20): 5118–26. Bibcode:2014Ana...139.5118S. doi:10.1039/C4AN00720D. PMID 25121638.

dominicantoday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"India to destroy chemical weapons stockpile by 2009". Dominican Today. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

"Mustard gas". Online Etymology Dictionary. 2025. Retrieved July 3, 2025.

fas.org (Global: 505^th place; English: 410^th place)

"Chemical Weapons Production and Storage". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014.
Pearson GS. "Uses of CW since the First World War". Federation of American Scientist. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved June 28, 2010.

fema.gov (Global: 6,922^nd place; English: 4,361^st place)

"CSEPP Background Information". US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). May 2, 2006. Archived from the original on May 27, 2006.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Lizzie Dearden (September 11, 2015). "Isis 'manufacturing and using chemical weapons' in Iraq and Syria, US official claims". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2015.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Watson AP, Griffin GD (1992). "Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program". Environmental Health Perspectives. 98: 259–280. Bibcode:1992EnvHP..98..259W. doi:10.1289/ehp.9298259. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1519623. PMID 1486858.
Dabrowska MI, Becks LL, Lelli JL Jr, et al. (1996). "Sulfur Mustard Induces Apoptosis and Necrosis in Endothelial Cells". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 141 (2): 568–83. Bibcode:1996ToxAP.141..568D. doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0324. PMID 8975783.
Duchovic, Ronald J., Vilensky, Joel A. (2007). "Mustard Gas: Its Pre-World War I History". J. Chem. Educ. 84 (6): 944. Bibcode:2007JChEd..84..944D. doi:10.1021/ed084p944.
Duchovic RJ, Vilensky JA (2007). "Mustard Gas: Its Pre-World War I History". Journal of Chemical Education. 84 (6): 944. Bibcode:2007JChEd..84..944D. doi:10.1021/ed084p944. ISSN 0021-9584.
Sathe M, Srivastava S, Merwyn S, et al. (July 24, 2014). "Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of thiodiglycol sulfoxide, a degradation product of sulfur mustard". The Analyst. 139 (20): 5118–26. Bibcode:2014Ana...139.5118S. doi:10.1039/C4AN00720D. PMID 25121638.

highbeam.com (Global: 405^th place; English: 256^th place)

Amy Smithson, Frank Gaffney Jr. "India declares its stock of chemical weapons". Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

Lizzie Dearden (September 11, 2015). "Isis 'manufacturing and using chemical weapons' in Iraq and Syria, US official claims". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2015.

india.com (Global: 385^th place; English: 234^th place)

zeenews.india.com

"Zee News – India destroys its chemical weapons stockpile". Zeenews.india.com. May 14, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2013.

isgv.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

saebi.isgv.de

Fischer K (June 2004). Schattkowsky, Martina (ed.). Steinkopf, Georg Wilhelm, in: Sächsische Biografie (in German) (Online ed.). Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde. Retrieved December 28, 2010.

jamanetwork.com (Global: 2,650^th place; English: 3,409^th place)

jama.jamanetwork.com

Frescoln LD (December 7, 1918). "Mustard (Yellow Cross) Burns". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 71 (23): 1911. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.26020490013010b. ISSN 0098-7484.

mustardgas.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chemical Warfare in Australia. Mustardgas.org. Retrieved on 29 May 2011.

newcity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Tox Lab: When U Chicago Was in the Chemical Weapons "Business" | Newcity". September 23, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2021.

nieuwsblad.be (Global: 1,197^th place; English: 2,282^nd place)

"Farmer discovers 200 bombs (Dutch)". March 5, 2014.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Salouti R, Ghazavi R, Rajabi S, et al. (2020). "Sulfur Mustard and Immunology; Trends of 20 Years Research in the Web of Science Core Collection: A Scientometric Review". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 49 (7): 1202–1210. doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3573. ISSN 2251-6085. PMC 7548481. PMID 33083286.
Watson AP, Griffin GD (1992). "Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program". Environmental Health Perspectives. 98: 259–280. Bibcode:1992EnvHP..98..259W. doi:10.1289/ehp.9298259. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1519623. PMID 1486858.
Smith SL (February 27, 2017). "War! What is it good for? Mustard gas medicine". CMAJ. 189 (8): E321–E322. doi:10.1503/cmaj.161032. PMC 5325736. PMID 28246228.
Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Ghazanfari T, Ghasemi H, Yaraee R, et al. (2019). "Tear and serum interleukin-8 and serum CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL5 in sulfur mustard eye-exposed patients". International Immunopharmacology. 77 105844. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105844. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31669888. S2CID 204967476.
Heidary F, Gharebaghi R, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Angiogenesis modulatory factors in subjects with chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard exposure: A case-control study". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105843. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105843. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31629219. S2CID 204799405.
Heidary F, Ardestani SK, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Alteration in serum levels of ICAM-1 and P-, E- and L-selectins in seriously eye-injured long-term following sulfur-mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105820. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105820. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31480003. S2CID 201831881.
Safarinejad MR, Moosavi SA, Montazeri B (2001). "Ocular injuries caused by mustard gas: diagnosis, treatment, and medical defense". Military Medicine. 166 (1): 67–70. doi:10.1093/milmed/166.1.67. PMID 11197102.
Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A, Imani Fooladi AA, et al. (2014). "Microarray gene expression analysis of the human airway in patients exposed to sulfur mustard". Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction. 34 (4): 283–9. doi:10.3109/10799893.2014.896379. PMID 24823320. S2CID 41665583.
Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Geraci MJ (2008). "Mustard gas: imminent danger or eminent threat?". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1345/aph.1K445. ISSN 1542-6270. PMID 18212254. S2CID 207263000.
Dabrowska MI, Becks LL, Lelli JL Jr, et al. (1996). "Sulfur Mustard Induces Apoptosis and Necrosis in Endothelial Cells". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 141 (2): 568–83. Bibcode:1996ToxAP.141..568D. doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0324. PMID 8975783.
Ghabili K, Agutter PS, Ghanei M, et al. (October 2010). "Mustard gas toxicity: the acute and chronic pathological effects". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 30 (7): 627–643. doi:10.1002/jat.1581. ISSN 0260-437X. PMID 20836142.
Benschop HP, van der Schans GP, Noort D, et al. (July 1, 1997). "Verification of Exposure to Sulfur Mustard in Two Casualties of the Iran-Iraq Conflict". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 21 (4): 249–251. doi:10.1093/jat/21.4.249. PMID 9248939.
Gilman A (May 1963). "The initial clinical trial of nitrogen mustard". Am. J. Surg. 105 (5): 574–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(63)90232-0. PMID 13947966.
Sathe M, Srivastava S, Merwyn S, et al. (July 24, 2014). "Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of thiodiglycol sulfoxide, a degradation product of sulfur mustard". The Analyst. 139 (20): 5118–26. Bibcode:2014Ana...139.5118S. doi:10.1039/C4AN00720D. PMID 25121638.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Salouti R, Ghazavi R, Rajabi S, et al. (2020). "Sulfur Mustard and Immunology; Trends of 20 Years Research in the Web of Science Core Collection: A Scientometric Review". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 49 (7): 1202–1210. doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3573. ISSN 2251-6085. PMC 7548481. PMID 33083286.
Watson AP, Griffin GD (1992). "Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program". Environmental Health Perspectives. 98: 259–280. Bibcode:1992EnvHP..98..259W. doi:10.1289/ehp.9298259. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1519623. PMID 1486858.
Smith SL (February 27, 2017). "War! What is it good for? Mustard gas medicine". CMAJ. 189 (8): E321–E322. doi:10.1503/cmaj.161032. PMC 5325736. PMID 28246228.

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Mustard gas". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. September 28, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Dickerson C (June 22, 2015). "Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops By Race". NPR.
Dickerson C (June 23, 2015). "The VA's Broken Promise To Thousands Of Vets Exposed To Mustard Gas". NPR. Retrieved May 3, 2019. ... the Department of Veterans Affairs made two promises: to locate about 4,000 men who were used in the most extreme tests, and to compensate those who had permanent injuries.
Dickerson C (June 22, 2015). "Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops By Race". NPR. Retrieved May 3, 2019. And it wasn't just African-Americans. Japanese-Americans were used [...] so scientists could explore how mustard gas and other chemicals might affect Japanese troops. Puerto Rican soldiers were also singled out.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"More Than 600 Reported Chemical Exposure in Iraq, Pentagon Acknowledges". The New York Times. November 6, 2014.
"Veterans Hurt by Chemical Weapons in Iraq Get Apology". The New York Times. March 25, 2015.

opcw.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mustard agents: description, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of action, symptoms, antidotes and methods of treatment. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Accessed June 8, 2010.
"What is a Chemical Weapon?". OPCW. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (November 30, 2016). "Annex 3". Report of the OPCW on the Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction in 2015 (Report). p. 42. Retrieved March 8, 2017.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A, Imani Fooladi AA, et al. (2014). "Microarray gene expression analysis of the human airway in patients exposed to sulfur mustard". Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction. 34 (4): 283–9. doi:10.3109/10799893.2014.896379. PMID 24823320. S2CID 41665583.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

reuters.com

Lyon A (July 9, 2008). "Iran's Chemical Ali survivors still bear scars". Reuters. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
Deutsch A (November 6, 2015). "Chemical weapons used by fighters in Syria—sources". Reuters. Retrieved June 30, 2017.

ca.reuters.com

Deutsch A (February 15, 2016). "Samples confirm Islamic State used mustard gas in Iraq - diplomat". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.

samilitaryhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"NEWSLETTER - JUNE 1992 NEWSLETTER - Johannesburg - South African Military History Society - Title page". Samilitaryhistory.org. Retrieved August 23, 2013.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Ghazanfari T, Ghasemi H, Yaraee R, et al. (2019). "Tear and serum interleukin-8 and serum CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL5 in sulfur mustard eye-exposed patients". International Immunopharmacology. 77 105844. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105844. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31669888. S2CID 204967476.
Heidary F, Gharebaghi R, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Angiogenesis modulatory factors in subjects with chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard exposure: A case-control study". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105843. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105843. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31629219. S2CID 204799405.
Heidary F, Ardestani SK, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Alteration in serum levels of ICAM-1 and P-, E- and L-selectins in seriously eye-injured long-term following sulfur-mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105820. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105820. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31480003. S2CID 201831881.
Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A, Imani Fooladi AA, et al. (2014). "Microarray gene expression analysis of the human airway in patients exposed to sulfur mustard". Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction. 34 (4): 283–9. doi:10.3109/10799893.2014.896379. PMID 24823320. S2CID 41665583.
Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Geraci MJ (2008). "Mustard gas: imminent danger or eminent threat?". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1345/aph.1K445. ISSN 1542-6270. PMID 18212254. S2CID 207263000.
Scott LJ (June 1, 2017). "Chlormethine 160 mcg/g gel in mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a profile of its use in the EU". Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. 33 (6): 249–253. doi:10.1007/s40267-017-0409-7. ISSN 1179-1977. S2CID 256367068.

sfgate.com (Global: 166^th place; English: 121^st place)

Sullivan, Kathleen (October 22, 2002). "Vial found in Presidio may be mustard gas / Army experts expected to identify substance". sfgate.com.

st.net.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

home.st.net.au

Brook Island Trials of Mustard Gas during WW2. Home.st.net.au. Retrieved on 2011-05-29.

subbrit.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Valley Factory, Rhydymwyn". July 24, 2010.

sussex.ac.uk (Global: 6,651^st place; English: 4,464^th place)

Feakes D (2003). "Global society and biological and chemical weapons" (PDF). In Kaldor M, Anheier H, Glasius M (eds.). Global Civil Society Yearbook 2003. Oxford University Press. pp. 87–117. ISBN 0-19-926655-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2007.

thechronicle.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cumming, Stuart (November 11, 2009). "Weapons await UN inspection". Toowoomba Chronicle.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Chemical Weapons Production and Storage". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014.
By Any Other Name: Origins of Mustard Gas Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine. Itech.dickinson.edu (2008-04-25). Retrieved on 2011-05-29.
"Photographic Archive of Avonmouth Bristol BS11". BristolPast.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
Blister Agent: Mustard gas (H, HD, HS) Archived July 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, CBWinfo.com
Pearson GS. "Uses of CW since the First World War". Federation of American Scientist. Archived from the original on August 22, 2010. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
Feakes D (2003). "Global society and biological and chemical weapons" (PDF). In Kaldor M, Anheier H, Glasius M (eds.). Global Civil Society Yearbook 2003. Oxford University Press. pp. 87–117. ISBN 0-19-926655-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 11, 2007.
Deutsch A (February 15, 2016). "Samples confirm Islamic State used mustard gas in Iraq - diplomat". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
The U.S. Army's Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) Archived October 15, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. cma.army.mil. Retrieved on November 11, 2011.
Bull J (October 30, 2005). "The Deadliness Below". Daily Press Virginia. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
"India to destroy chemical weapons stockpile by 2009". Dominican Today. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
Amy Smithson, Frank Gaffney Jr. "India declares its stock of chemical weapons". Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
"India destroys its chemical weapons stockpile - Yahoo! India News". Archived from the original on May 21, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2009.
"CSEPP Background Information". US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). May 2, 2006. Archived from the original on May 27, 2006.
"Milestones in U.S. Chemical Weapons Storage and Destruction, fact sheet, US Chemical Materials Agency". Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
Ashworth L (August 7, 2008). "Base's phantom war reveals its secrets". Fairfax Digital. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008.
"Cleanup Complete At WWI Chemical Weapons Dump In D.C.'s Spring Valley". DCist. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
Wickett, Shana, Beth Daley (June 8, 2010). "Fishing crewman exposed to mustard gas from shell". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on June 9, 2010.

who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)

emro.who.int

"Mustard gas fact sheet". World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Region, Regional Centre for Environmental Health Action. 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Ghabili K, Agutter PS, Ghanei M, et al. (October 2010). "Mustard gas toxicity: the acute and chronic pathological effects". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 30 (7): 627–643. doi:10.1002/jat.1581. ISSN 0260-437X. PMID 20836142.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Salouti R, Ghazavi R, Rajabi S, et al. (2020). "Sulfur Mustard and Immunology; Trends of 20 Years Research in the Web of Science Core Collection: A Scientometric Review". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 49 (7): 1202–1210. doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i7.3573. ISSN 2251-6085. PMC 7548481. PMID 33083286.
Watson AP, Griffin GD (1992). "Toxicity of vesicant agents scheduled for destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program". Environmental Health Perspectives. 98: 259–280. Bibcode:1992EnvHP..98..259W. doi:10.1289/ehp.9298259. ISSN 0091-6765. PMC 1519623. PMID 1486858.
Ghasemi H, Javadi MA, Ardestani SK, et al. (2020). "Alteration in inflammatory mediators in seriously eye-injured war veterans, long-term after sulfur mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 80 105897. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105897. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31685435. S2CID 207899509.
Ghazanfari T, Ghasemi H, Yaraee R, et al. (2019). "Tear and serum interleukin-8 and serum CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL5 in sulfur mustard eye-exposed patients". International Immunopharmacology. 77 105844. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105844. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31669888. S2CID 204967476.
Heidary F, Gharebaghi R, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Angiogenesis modulatory factors in subjects with chronic ocular complications of Sulfur Mustard exposure: A case-control study". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105843. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105843. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31629219. S2CID 204799405.
Heidary F, Ardestani SK, Ghasemi H, et al. (2019). "Alteration in serum levels of ICAM-1 and P-, E- and L-selectins in seriously eye-injured long-term following sulfur-mustard exposure". International Immunopharmacology. 76 105820. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105820. ISSN 1878-1705. PMID 31480003. S2CID 201831881.
Geraci MJ (2008). "Mustard gas: imminent danger or eminent threat?". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42 (2): 237–246. doi:10.1345/aph.1K445. ISSN 1542-6270. PMID 18212254. S2CID 207263000.
Ghabili K, Agutter PS, Ghanei M, et al. (October 2010). "Mustard gas toxicity: the acute and chronic pathological effects". Journal of Applied Toxicology. 30 (7): 627–643. doi:10.1002/jat.1581. ISSN 0260-437X. PMID 20836142.
Frescoln LD (December 7, 1918). "Mustard (Yellow Cross) Burns". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 71 (23): 1911. doi:10.1001/jama.1918.26020490013010b. ISSN 0098-7484.
Duchovic RJ, Vilensky JA (2007). "Mustard Gas: Its Pre-World War I History". Journal of Chemical Education. 84 (6): 944. Bibcode:2007JChEd..84..944D. doi:10.1021/ed084p944. ISSN 0021-9584.
Scott LJ (June 1, 2017). "Chlormethine 160 mcg/g gel in mycosis fungoides-type cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a profile of its use in the EU". Drugs & Therapy Perspectives. 33 (6): 249–253. doi:10.1007/s40267-017-0409-7. ISSN 1179-1977. S2CID 256367068.

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)

in.news.yahoo.com

"India destroys its chemical weapons stockpile - Yahoo! India News". Archived from the original on May 21, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2009.

yourguide.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

lithgow.yourguide.com.au

Ashworth L (August 7, 2008). "Base's phantom war reveals its secrets". Fairfax Digital. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

F. Guthrie (1860). "XIII.—On some derivatives from the olefines". Q. J. Chem. Soc. 12 (1): 109–126. doi:10.1039/QJ8601200109.
Krumbhaar EB (1919). "Rôle of the blood and the bone marrow in certain forms of gas poisoning: I. peripheral blood changes and their significance". JAMA. 72: 39–41. doi:10.1001/jama.1919.26110010018009f.

Mustard gas (English Wikipedia)

acmi.net.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

acs.org (Global: 1,248th place; English: 1,104th place)

pubs.acs.org

apnews.com (Global: 129th place; English: 89th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

army.mil (Global: 249th place; English: 169th place)

cma.army.mil

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

boston.com (Global: 310th place; English: 208th place)

bristolpast.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

cbwinfo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218th place; English: 212th place)

atsdr.cdc.gov

cdc.gov

cornwallcommunitymuseum.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dailypress.com (Global: 4,017th place; English: 2,219th place)

articles.dailypress.com

dcist.com (Global: low place; English: 7,772nd place)

dickinson.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,594th place)

itech.dickinson.edu

docksci.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dominicantoday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610th place; English: 704th place)

linkinghub.elsevier.com

etymonline.com (Global: 287th place; English: 321st place)

fas.org (Global: 505th place; English: 410th place)

fema.gov (Global: 6,922nd place; English: 4,361st place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

highbeam.com (Global: 405th place; English: 256th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36th place; English: 33rd place)

india.com (Global: 385th place; English: 234th place)

zeenews.india.com

isgv.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

saebi.isgv.de

jamanetwork.com (Global: 2,650th place; English: 3,409th place)

jama.jamanetwork.com

mustardgas.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

newcity.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nieuwsblad.be (Global: 1,197th place; English: 2,282nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

npr.org (Global: 92nd place; English: 72nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

opcw.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120th place; English: 125th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49th place; English: 47th place)

reuters.com

ca.reuters.com

samilitaryhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sfgate.com (Global: 166th place; English: 121st place)

st.net.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

home.st.net.au

subbrit.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

sussex.ac.uk (Global: 6,651st place; English: 4,464th place)

thechronicle.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

who.int (Global: 195th place; English: 302nd place)

emro.who.int

wiley.com (Global: 222nd place; English: 297th place)

analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

yahoo.com (Global: 38th place; English: 40th place)

in.news.yahoo.com

yourguide.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

lithgow.yourguide.com.au

zenodo.org (Global: 621st place; English: 380th place)

acs.org (Global: 1,248^th place; English: 1,104^th place)

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

army.mil (Global: 249^th place; English: 169^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

boston.com (Global: 310^th place; English: 208^th place)

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

dailypress.com (Global: 4,017^th place; English: 2,219^th place)

dcist.com (Global: low place; English: 7,772^nd place)

dickinson.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,594^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

elsevier.com (Global: 610^th place; English: 704^th place)

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

fas.org (Global: 505^th place; English: 410^th place)

fema.gov (Global: 6,922^nd place; English: 4,361^st place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

highbeam.com (Global: 405^th place; English: 256^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

india.com (Global: 385^th place; English: 234^th place)

jamanetwork.com (Global: 2,650^th place; English: 3,409^th place)

nieuwsblad.be (Global: 1,197^th place; English: 2,282^nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

sfgate.com (Global: 166^th place; English: 121^st place)

sussex.ac.uk (Global: 6,651^st place; English: 4,464^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)

wiley.com (Global: 222^nd place; English: 297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

yahoo.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 40^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)