Muʽassel (English Wikipedia)

Jillian Krotki (29 October 2008). "Hookah lounge brings '60s pastime back to the present". Seminole Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2013.

cdc.gov

"Hookah fact sheet".
"Use of Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Among Students Aged 13-15 Years - Worldwide, 1999-2005". Cdc.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
CDCTobaccoFree (2020-01-22). "Hookahs". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
"Tobacco Product Use Among High School Students" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
"Hookahs". Smoking & Tobacco Use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. December 1, 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2018. "Although many users think it is less harmful, hookah smoking has many of the same health risks as cigarette smoking."

com.np

ecs.com.np

Nepal, ECS. "Smoke on The Water: Hubby-bubbly Hookah". ECS Nepal. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2011.

doi.org

Morris, Daniel S. (2012). "Opportunities for Policy Interventions to Reduce Youth Hookah Smoking in the United States". Preventing Chronic Disease. 9: E165. doi:10.5888/pcd9.120082. ISSN 1545-1151. PMC 3505114. PMID 23153772.
Creamer, MR; Wang, TW; Babb, S; et al. (15 November 2019). "Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults — United States, 2018". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (45): 1013–1019. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a2. PMC 6855510. PMID 31725711.
Wang, TW; Tynan, MA; Hallett, C; et al. (22 June 2018). "Smoke-Free and Tobacco-Free Policies in Colleges and Universities ― United States and Territories, 2017". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 67 (24): 686–689. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a4. PMC 6013086. PMID 29927904.
Cobb, Caroline; Ward, Kenneth D.; Maziak, Wasim; Shihadeh, Alan L.; Eissenberg, Thomas (2010). "Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United States". American Journal of Health Behavior. 34 (3): 275–285. doi:10.5993/AJHB.34.3.3. ISSN 1087-3244. PMC 3215592. PMID 20001185.
Shihadeh, Alan; Salman, Rola; Jaroudi, Ezzat; Saliba, Najat; Sepetdjian, Elizabeth; Blank, Melissa D.; Cobb, Caroline O.; Eissenberg, Thomas (May 2012). "Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? A crossover study comparing CO, NO, PAH, volatile aldehydes, tar and nicotine yields". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (5): 1494–1498. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.041. ISSN 0278-6915. PMC 3407543. PMID 22406330.
Cobb, Caroline Oates; Vansickel, Andrea Rae; Blank, Melissa D.; Jentink, Kade; Travers, Mark J.; Eissenberg, Thomas (September 2013). "Indoor air quality in Virginia waterpipe cafes". Tobacco Control. 22 (5): 338–343. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350. ISSN 1468-3318. PMC 3889072. PMID 22447194.
Kumar, Sumit R; Davies, Shelby; Weitzman, Michael; Sherman, Scott (March 2015). "A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure". Tobacco Control. 24 (Suppl 1): i54–i59. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052038. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4345792. PMID 25480544.

drugabuse.gov

teens.drugabuse.gov

"Hookah isn't harmless". National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2016. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

fda.gov

"Hookah Tobacco (Shisha or Waterpipe Tobacco)". Tobacco Products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. May 7, 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

forvo.com

"How to pronounce أرجيلة". Forvo. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

hhs.gov

Office of Adolescent Health (1 May 2019). "Adolescents and Tobacco: Trends : Hookah". www.hhs.gov. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved 8 July 2020.

indianexpress.com

"Hookah". Indian Express. Retrieved 2008-06-08.

indiatimes.com

articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Business at hookah-less cafes go up in smoke". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2013-05-11.

iranicaonline.org

Yarshater, E. "Galyan. Encyclopedia Iranica (Vol. X, Fasc. 3, P. 261-265)".
Yarshater, E (2012). "Encyclopedia Iranica (Vol X. Fasc. 3. P. 261-65)".
"Encyclopædia Iranica | Articles". Iranica.com. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

jduhs.com

Khan, Nazeer; Lftikhar, Sundus; Siddiqui, Muhammad Umer; Padhiar, Adnan Ahmed; Affanulhaq, Syed (2010-09-21). "Effect of Age and Gender on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Shisha Smoking among Medical and Dental Students of Karachi, Pakistan". Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences (JDUHS). 4 (3): 107–112. ISSN 2410-2180.

lung.org

"Hookah Smoking — A Growing Threat to Public Health" (PDF). American Lung Association. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

lungusa2.org

AN EMERGING DEADLY TREND:WATERPIPE TOBACCO USE (PDF) (Report). American Lung Association. February 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2018.

monitoringthefuture.org

Johnson, LD; et al. (January 2019). Monitoring the Future - national survey results on drug use 1975-2018: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use (PDF) (Report). Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Morris, Daniel S. (2012). "Opportunities for Policy Interventions to Reduce Youth Hookah Smoking in the United States". Preventing Chronic Disease. 9: E165. doi:10.5888/pcd9.120082. ISSN 1545-1151. PMC 3505114. PMID 23153772.
Creamer, MR; Wang, TW; Babb, S; et al. (15 November 2019). "Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults — United States, 2018". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (45): 1013–1019. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a2. PMC 6855510. PMID 31725711.
Wang, TW; Tynan, MA; Hallett, C; et al. (22 June 2018). "Smoke-Free and Tobacco-Free Policies in Colleges and Universities ― United States and Territories, 2017". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 67 (24): 686–689. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a4. PMC 6013086. PMID 29927904.
Arrazola, RA; et al. (17 April 2015). "Tobacco use among middle and high school students--United States, 2011-2014". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 64 (14): 381–385. PMC 5779546. PMID 25879896.
Cobb, Caroline; Ward, Kenneth D.; Maziak, Wasim; Shihadeh, Alan L.; Eissenberg, Thomas (2010). "Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United States". American Journal of Health Behavior. 34 (3): 275–285. doi:10.5993/AJHB.34.3.3. ISSN 1087-3244. PMC 3215592. PMID 20001185.
Shihadeh, Alan; Salman, Rola; Jaroudi, Ezzat; Saliba, Najat; Sepetdjian, Elizabeth; Blank, Melissa D.; Cobb, Caroline O.; Eissenberg, Thomas (May 2012). "Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? A crossover study comparing CO, NO, PAH, volatile aldehydes, tar and nicotine yields". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (5): 1494–1498. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.041. ISSN 0278-6915. PMC 3407543. PMID 22406330.
Cobb, Caroline Oates; Vansickel, Andrea Rae; Blank, Melissa D.; Jentink, Kade; Travers, Mark J.; Eissenberg, Thomas (September 2013). "Indoor air quality in Virginia waterpipe cafes". Tobacco Control. 22 (5): 338–343. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350. ISSN 1468-3318. PMC 3889072. PMID 22447194.
Kumar, Sumit R; Davies, Shelby; Weitzman, Michael; Sherman, Scott (March 2015). "A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure". Tobacco Control. 24 (Suppl 1): i54–i59. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052038. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4345792. PMID 25480544.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Morris, Daniel S. (2012). "Opportunities for Policy Interventions to Reduce Youth Hookah Smoking in the United States". Preventing Chronic Disease. 9: E165. doi:10.5888/pcd9.120082. ISSN 1545-1151. PMC 3505114. PMID 23153772.
Creamer, MR; Wang, TW; Babb, S; et al. (15 November 2019). "Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults — United States, 2018". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (45): 1013–1019. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a2. PMC 6855510. PMID 31725711.
Wang, TW; Tynan, MA; Hallett, C; et al. (22 June 2018). "Smoke-Free and Tobacco-Free Policies in Colleges and Universities ― United States and Territories, 2017". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 67 (24): 686–689. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a4. PMC 6013086. PMID 29927904.
Arrazola, RA; et al. (17 April 2015). "Tobacco use among middle and high school students--United States, 2011-2014". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 64 (14): 381–385. PMC 5779546. PMID 25879896.
Cobb, Caroline; Ward, Kenneth D.; Maziak, Wasim; Shihadeh, Alan L.; Eissenberg, Thomas (2010). "Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United States". American Journal of Health Behavior. 34 (3): 275–285. doi:10.5993/AJHB.34.3.3. ISSN 1087-3244. PMC 3215592. PMID 20001185.
Shihadeh, Alan; Salman, Rola; Jaroudi, Ezzat; Saliba, Najat; Sepetdjian, Elizabeth; Blank, Melissa D.; Cobb, Caroline O.; Eissenberg, Thomas (May 2012). "Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? A crossover study comparing CO, NO, PAH, volatile aldehydes, tar and nicotine yields". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (5): 1494–1498. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.041. ISSN 0278-6915. PMC 3407543. PMID 22406330.
Cobb, Caroline Oates; Vansickel, Andrea Rae; Blank, Melissa D.; Jentink, Kade; Travers, Mark J.; Eissenberg, Thomas (September 2013). "Indoor air quality in Virginia waterpipe cafes". Tobacco Control. 22 (5): 338–343. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350. ISSN 1468-3318. PMC 3889072. PMID 22447194.
Kumar, Sumit R; Davies, Shelby; Weitzman, Michael; Sherman, Scott (March 2015). "A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure". Tobacco Control. 24 (Suppl 1): i54–i59. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052038. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4345792. PMID 25480544.

nytimes.com

Quenqua, Douglas "Putting a Crimp in the Hookah". The New York Times, 30 May 2011

ranasafvi.com

"Huqqah in Mughal India". Rana Safvi. 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2021-04-16.

seminolechronicle.com

Jillian Krotki (29 October 2008). "Hookah lounge brings '60s pastime back to the present". Seminole Chronicle. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2013.

telegraph.co.uk

"Indian police ban hookah bars". Telegraph (UK). Archived from the original on November 30, 2011.

vice.com

"Is 'Hookah Sickness' Just Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?". www.vice.com. Retrieved 2021-04-16.

web.archive.org

"Business at hookah-less cafes go up in smoke". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2013-05-11.
"Indian police ban hookah bars". Telegraph (UK). Archived from the original on November 30, 2011.
Nepal, ECS. "Smoke on The Water: Hubby-bubbly Hookah". ECS Nepal. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2011.

worldcat.org

Morris, Daniel S. (2012). "Opportunities for Policy Interventions to Reduce Youth Hookah Smoking in the United States". Preventing Chronic Disease. 9: E165. doi:10.5888/pcd9.120082. ISSN 1545-1151. PMC 3505114. PMID 23153772.
Khan, Nazeer; Lftikhar, Sundus; Siddiqui, Muhammad Umer; Padhiar, Adnan Ahmed; Affanulhaq, Syed (2010-09-21). "Effect of Age and Gender on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Shisha Smoking among Medical and Dental Students of Karachi, Pakistan". Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences (JDUHS). 4 (3): 107–112. ISSN 2410-2180.
Cobb, Caroline; Ward, Kenneth D.; Maziak, Wasim; Shihadeh, Alan L.; Eissenberg, Thomas (2010). "Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: An Emerging Health Crisis in the United States". American Journal of Health Behavior. 34 (3): 275–285. doi:10.5993/AJHB.34.3.3. ISSN 1087-3244. PMC 3215592. PMID 20001185.
Shihadeh, Alan; Salman, Rola; Jaroudi, Ezzat; Saliba, Najat; Sepetdjian, Elizabeth; Blank, Melissa D.; Cobb, Caroline O.; Eissenberg, Thomas (May 2012). "Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? A crossover study comparing CO, NO, PAH, volatile aldehydes, tar and nicotine yields". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (5): 1494–1498. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.041. ISSN 0278-6915. PMC 3407543. PMID 22406330.
Cobb, Caroline Oates; Vansickel, Andrea Rae; Blank, Melissa D.; Jentink, Kade; Travers, Mark J.; Eissenberg, Thomas (September 2013). "Indoor air quality in Virginia waterpipe cafes". Tobacco Control. 22 (5): 338–343. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350. ISSN 1468-3318. PMC 3889072. PMID 22447194.
Kumar, Sumit R; Davies, Shelby; Weitzman, Michael; Sherman, Scott (March 2015). "A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure". Tobacco Control. 24 (Suppl 1): i54–i59. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052038. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4345792. PMID 25480544.