Names of the Irish state (English Wikipedia)

John Davies, The Correct Name for Ireland [2]. [See Text of Treaty of London, 1949 at Wikisource; the UK government was the depository for the Treaty.]

archive.org

Healy, John (1912). Insula sanctorum et doctorum : or, Ireland's ancient schools and scholars. Dublin: Sealy, Bryers & Walker. pp. vi, 631.
Cusack, Mary Francis (1871). The life of Saint Patrick, Apostle of Ireland. London: Longman, Green & Co. pp. 9–11.

archive.today

"Telegraph Style Book: Places and peoples". The Daily Telegraph. London. 12 April 2008. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

athleticsireland.ie

"AAI: History". Athletics Ireland. 2009. Retrieved 18 April 2009.

bailii.org

See: Government of Ireland Act 1920

bbc.co.uk

"Style Guide – I; sv "Ireland"". BBC Academy – Journalism. BBC Online. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
"Style Guide – E; sv "Eire"". BBC Academy – Journalism. BBC Online. Retrieved 18 September 2022.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Radio newsroom: Alphabetical checklist". BBC News. 19 August 2002. Retrieved 6 July 2008.

books.google.com

The Spectator, Volume 127, F.C. Westley, 1922, pages 224-225
Oliver, JDB, What's in a Name, in Tiley, John, Studies in the History of Tax Law, The Chartered Institute of Taxation, 2003.

bordbia.ie

qas.bordbia.ie

"Logo Use Policy" (PDF). Bord Bia Quality Assurance. Bord Bia. pp. 1–3, 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2013.

coe.int

Council of Europe Member States, http://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/country-profiles

constitution.ie

The wording of Article 4 has been criticised. Early criticisms are discussed elsewhere in this article More recently, in its report, the Constitution Review Group (Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine) in 1996 stated that Article 4 was unnecessarily complicated and should be amended to read "The name of the State is Ireland" with an equivalent change in the Irish text.

demon.co.uk

cartref.demon.co.uk

Parry, Arwel. "The First Definitive Series of the Irish Free State". Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

dfa.ie

"Ireland Ministry of Foreign Affairs". MFA.
"Agreement Between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom" (PDF). Irish Treaty Series. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs. 15 November 1985. Retrieved 7 February 2018.; "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Ireland" (PDF). UK Treaty Series. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 15 November 1985. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
Agreement Between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom (PDF). Irish Trearty Series. Vol. 2 of 1985. Dublin: Government of Ireland. p. 1.

difp.ie

"Documents on Irish Foreign Policy - Volume 5". Documents on Irish Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 August 2023.

doi.org

John Furlong (2006). Ireland – the Name of the State. Legal Information Management, 6, pp 297–301. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/S1472669606000934
Daly, Mary E. (January 2007). "The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?". The Journal of British Studies. 46 (1). Journals.uchicago.edu: 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399.
Daly, Mary E. "A Country by any other Name, Mary Daly, Journal of British Studies, Jan 2007 volume 46 number 1". The Journal of British Studies. 46. Journals.uchicago.edu: 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399.
Daly, Mary (January 2007). "'The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?". Journal of British Studies. 46: 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399.

economist.com

"Economist Style Guide: Countries and Inhabitants". The Economist. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2013.

europa.eu

European Union Member States, http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/index_en.htm

eur-lex.europa.eu

See: Council Regulation (EC) No 920/2005. Until then, Irish was a treaty language, official to the extent that the EU's founding treaties were (in addition to the other languages of the EU) drawn up in Irish and equally authentic in that language. Irish had not been an official EU working language.

publications.europa.eu

Clause 7.1.1 of the Inter Institutional Style Guide [1].

farmersjournal.ie

O'Keeffe, Pat (2 July 2011). "One in every four litres of drinking milk now imported". Irish Farmers Journal. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2013.

fco.gov.uk

treaties.fco.gov.uk

"Agreement Between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom" (PDF). Irish Treaty Series. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs. 15 November 1985. Retrieved 7 February 2018.; "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Ireland" (PDF). UK Treaty Series. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 15 November 1985. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018.

foreignaffairs.gov.ie

Irish Treaty Series for 1949 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine and 1950 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

gov.uk

"Country names". GOV.UK. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
"Living in Ireland". GOV.UK. 8 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.

guardian.co.uk

century.guardian.co.uk

The Manchester Guardian, 30 December 1937 Britain accepts new name for the Free State. Full text of British Government's communiqué cited in Clifford, Angela, The Constitutional History of Eire/Ireland, Athol Books, Belfast, 1985, p153.

historyireland.com

Brian Boru : Imperator Scottorum, 4 March 2014

imf.org

IMF Countries, http://www.imf.org/external/country/index.htm#I

ind.homeoffice.gov.uk

Immigration and Nationality Directorate, UK Government Website, EEA Nationals "Immigration and Nationality Directorate | EEA/EU Nationals". Archived from the original on 5 July 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2006..

international.gc.ca

Rinfret, Thibaudeau (6 February 1952), Notice and Proclamations Archived 15 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Documents on Canadian External Relations, 14-1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 8 October 2009.

irishstatutebook.ie

"The Republic of Ireland". The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948. Government of Ireland. 1948. Retrieved 3 January 2010. It is hereby declared that the description of the State shall be the Republic of Ireland.

irishtimes.com

Pope, Conor (7 January 2013). "Milking the Tricolour to boost sales in supermarkets". The Irish Times. Retrieved 6 July 2013.

jrnl.ie

"1982: 'Ireland', 'Éire' and why both aren't written on postage stamps". 1982 State Papers. TheJournal.ie. 30 December 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2014.

lac-bac.gc.ca

"Circular dated 1 April 1949 from the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs to Heads of Post Abroad (Circular Document No.B38, 836. DEA/7545‑B‑40)". Lac-bac.gc.ca. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
A consideration given by the Canadians was "that any Canadian Government communication would normally be in English rather than in Gaelic, and that the use of the Gaelic word "Eire" in such a communication might therefore be inappropriate (just as it would scarcely be considered appropriate, in a communication written in English which mentioned the Government of Egypt, to speak of it as the Government of Misr, unless the Egyptian Government specially requested that the Egyptian form of the country's name should be used)": Circular dated 1 April 1949 from the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs to Heads of Post Abroad (Circular Document No.B38, 836. DEA/7545‑B‑40)

ndc.ie

"NDC Launches Nationwide Campaign to Support Local Jobs & National Dairy Week". National Dairy Council. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2013.

nla.gov.au

On Thursday 2 December 1937, the Irish Free State Government sent a Note to the League of Nations stating that the Free State would be officially known as Ireland on and after 29 December 1937, when the new constitution became law reported The Argus – Australia – "NAME OF FREE STATE TO BE CHANGED TO IRELAND" on 3 December 1937

oecd.org

OECD Countries, http://www.oecd.org/#countriesList

oireachtas.ie

historical-debates.oireachtas.ie

Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine: 'The President: ... I should prefer to keep the name as "Eire" because the whole thing is more logical but, if anybody wants to translate that in the English text as "Ireland," I have no objection. I am anxious, however, that the Irish term should be used on the same basis as we use "Taoiseach." Elsewhere, it is suggested that that should be "Prime Minister." The term "Ceann Comhairle" has now come to be used instead of "Speaker." It has come gradually into our speech and the acceptance of Irish words for our own institutions is desirable. This is one of those matters in which I should have imagined I would come in for considerable criticism from the opposite benches if I put in the word "Ireland" instead of "Eire." ... There are two things that can be said in favour of using the word Eire. The first is that it keeps the logic of the whole system much more clear and definite. The second is that we are doing something beyond what we have done before, that is, getting Irish names accepted even in English when we speak English here.'
On a later occasion de Valera was also to say that the name Éire would have helped to avoid confusion between the names of the island and the state. Although, clearly, where the Irish language was the medium of communication, the position would be the same (as Éire is both the name of the state and the island in the Irish language). He considered that issue in the Dáil (Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine): 'The President: There is, for instance, the territorial area which is called Eire in Irish, and there is the State. It is easy to distinguish between the two territories if you say Stát na hEireann or Oileán na hEireann.' (Note: "Stát na hÉireann" is Irish for "State of Ireland" and "Oileán na hÉireann" is Irish for "Island of Ireland".)
Dáil Éireann – Volume 68 – 9 June 1937 Committee on Finance. – Recommittal. To the proposed wording, an opposition politician had responded that it was "rather a cumbersome name for the State". To this, de Valera replied, that "it was a very short name. There is the equivalent in the English language." There was no further debate. The name Ireland was substituted for Éire in a number of places throughout the English text of the Constitution although the name Éire remained in the highly rhetorical preamble but nowhere else in the English text. The latter reference was probably also motivated by de Valera's wish to emphasise the pre-eminence of the Irish text, as well as by his previously stated view that such use of Irish words in English was "desirable" ("Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine).
Seanad Éireann – Volume 36–15 December 1948, The Republic of Ireland Bill, 1948—Committee and Final Stages Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. It is highly likely that practical considerations such as the possible ramifications of automatic exclusion from the British Commonwealth were also among his considerations.
Dáil Éireann – Volume 96 – 11 April 1945 – Ceisteanna—Questions Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Mr Cogan TD to the Taoiseach
Seanad Éireann Debates- Volume 25 – 14 May 1941. Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Senator Michael Hayes:
I wonder if the Taoiseach has given any consideration to the extraordinarily bad effect the insertion of the word "Éire" has had. It has created a new name, Éire, for the Twenty-Six Counties of Ireland, and it has fortified the claim of the people of the Six Counties to call themselves Ulster, to adopt for the Six Counties the ancient and historic name of Ulster and apply it to the Six Counties as if they were the whole of the province.

Indeed, shortly before the Second World War, the Northern Ireland government attempted to adopt the name Ulster but were rebutted by London.
"Parliamentary Debates: Volume 518 – 13 April 2000". Dáil Éireann. 13 April 2000. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2010.

oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie

Dáil Éireann – Volume 68 – 9 June 1937 Committee on Finance. – Recommittal. To the proposed wording, an opposition politician had responded that it was "rather a cumbersome name for the State". To this, de Valera replied, that "it was a very short name. There is the equivalent in the English language." There was no further debate. The name Ireland was substituted for Éire in a number of places throughout the English text of the Constitution although the name Éire remained in the highly rhetorical preamble but nowhere else in the English text. The latter reference was probably also motivated by de Valera's wish to emphasise the pre-eminence of the Irish text, as well as by his previously stated view that such use of Irish words in English was "desirable" ("Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine).
Council of Europe—Motion Resumed.Wednesday, 13 July 1949.
"Committee on Finance. – Vote 3—Department of the Taoiseach (Resumed). Thursday, 21 July 1949".

oireachtas.ie

Parliament in Ireland, the First Dáil – Oireachtas.ie

acts.oireachtas.ie

"Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act, 1922". Archived from the original on 13 July 2007.

opac.oireachtas.ie

Committee on the Constitution (December 1967). Report (PDF). Official publications. Vol. Pr.9817. Stationery Office. p. 6. Retrieved 14 October 2014.

onewstudies.com

Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 1990 (as amended) Archived 29 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine.

opsi.gov.uk

"Disqualifications Act 2000". Opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

parliament.uk

api.parliament.uk

"Hansard, 1946". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 15 May 1946. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

pcgn.org.uk

"The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use – List of Country Names showing "Ireland" as the official name of the Irish state". Pcgn.org.uk. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
Country Names The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use

ria.ie

"Annals of the Four Masters". Royal Irish Academy. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2022.

rte.ie

"Spotting Irish own-brand products". RTÉ News. RTÉ. 6 January 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
"Buying Irish Bible". The Consumer Show. RTÉ Television. 6 September 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2013.

sra.org.uk

"Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 2009". Sra.org.uk. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

telegraph.co.uk

"Telegraph Style Book: Places and peoples". The Daily Telegraph. London. 12 April 2008. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

theguardian.com

"Guardian Style Guide: I". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

theyworkforyou.com

"House of Lords debates: Monday, 12 May 2008 on the Electoral Administration Act 2006 (Regulation of Loans etc.: Northern Ireland) Order 2008". Theyworkforyou.com. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2010.

timesonline.co.uk

"Times Online Style Guide – I". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

ucd.ie

researchrepository.ucd.ie

Mohr, Thomas (November 2008). "British involvement in the creation of the constitution of the Irish Free State". Dublin University Law Journal. 30 (1): 166–186.

ulster.ac.uk

cain.ulster.ac.uk

"CAIN: HMSO: Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 October 2020.

un.org

United Nations Member States, http://www.un.org/en/members/

uniset.ca

"Ireland Act 1949". Uniset.ca. Retrieved 5 October 2011.

web.archive.org

The wording of Article 4 has been criticised. Early criticisms are discussed elsewhere in this article More recently, in its report, the Constitution Review Group (Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine) in 1996 stated that Article 4 was unnecessarily complicated and should be amended to read "The name of the State is Ireland" with an equivalent change in the Irish text.
"Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act, 1922". Archived from the original on 13 July 2007.
Parry, Arwel. "The First Definitive Series of the Irish Free State". Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine: 'The President: ... I should prefer to keep the name as "Eire" because the whole thing is more logical but, if anybody wants to translate that in the English text as "Ireland," I have no objection. I am anxious, however, that the Irish term should be used on the same basis as we use "Taoiseach." Elsewhere, it is suggested that that should be "Prime Minister." The term "Ceann Comhairle" has now come to be used instead of "Speaker." It has come gradually into our speech and the acceptance of Irish words for our own institutions is desirable. This is one of those matters in which I should have imagined I would come in for considerable criticism from the opposite benches if I put in the word "Ireland" instead of "Eire." ... There are two things that can be said in favour of using the word Eire. The first is that it keeps the logic of the whole system much more clear and definite. The second is that we are doing something beyond what we have done before, that is, getting Irish names accepted even in English when we speak English here.'
On a later occasion de Valera was also to say that the name Éire would have helped to avoid confusion between the names of the island and the state. Although, clearly, where the Irish language was the medium of communication, the position would be the same (as Éire is both the name of the state and the island in the Irish language). He considered that issue in the Dáil (Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine): 'The President: There is, for instance, the territorial area which is called Eire in Irish, and there is the State. It is easy to distinguish between the two territories if you say Stát na hEireann or Oileán na hEireann.' (Note: "Stát na hÉireann" is Irish for "State of Ireland" and "Oileán na hÉireann" is Irish for "Island of Ireland".)
Dáil Éireann – Volume 68 – 9 June 1937 Committee on Finance. – Recommittal. To the proposed wording, an opposition politician had responded that it was "rather a cumbersome name for the State". To this, de Valera replied, that "it was a very short name. There is the equivalent in the English language." There was no further debate. The name Ireland was substituted for Éire in a number of places throughout the English text of the Constitution although the name Éire remained in the highly rhetorical preamble but nowhere else in the English text. The latter reference was probably also motivated by de Valera's wish to emphasise the pre-eminence of the Irish text, as well as by his previously stated view that such use of Irish words in English was "desirable" ("Dáil Éireann – Volume 67 – 25 May 1937, Bunreacht na hÉireann (Dréacht)—Coiste Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine).
Seanad Éireann – Volume 36–15 December 1948, The Republic of Ireland Bill, 1948—Committee and Final Stages Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. It is highly likely that practical considerations such as the possible ramifications of automatic exclusion from the British Commonwealth were also among his considerations.
Dáil Éireann – Volume 96 – 11 April 1945 – Ceisteanna—Questions Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Mr Cogan TD to the Taoiseach
Seanad Éireann Debates- Volume 25 – 14 May 1941. Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Senator Michael Hayes:
I wonder if the Taoiseach has given any consideration to the extraordinarily bad effect the insertion of the word "Éire" has had. It has created a new name, Éire, for the Twenty-Six Counties of Ireland, and it has fortified the claim of the people of the Six Counties to call themselves Ulster, to adopt for the Six Counties the ancient and historic name of Ulster and apply it to the Six Counties as if they were the whole of the province.

Indeed, shortly before the Second World War, the Northern Ireland government attempted to adopt the name Ulster but were rebutted by London.
"Parliamentary Debates: Volume 518 – 13 April 2000". Dáil Éireann. 13 April 2000. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
"NDC Launches Nationwide Campaign to Support Local Jobs & National Dairy Week". National Dairy Council. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
O'Keeffe, Pat (2 July 2011). "One in every four litres of drinking milk now imported". Irish Farmers Journal. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
"Logo Use Policy" (PDF). Bord Bia Quality Assurance. Bord Bia. pp. 1–3, 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
Immigration and Nationality Directorate, UK Government Website, EEA Nationals "Immigration and Nationality Directorate | EEA/EU Nationals". Archived from the original on 5 July 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2006..
Irish Treaty Series for 1949 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine and 1950 Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Rinfret, Thibaudeau (6 February 1952), Notice and Proclamations Archived 15 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Documents on Canadian External Relations, 14-1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
"Agreement Between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom" (PDF). Irish Treaty Series. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs. 15 November 1985. Retrieved 7 February 2018.; "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Ireland" (PDF). UK Treaty Series. London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 15 November 1985. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 1990 (as amended) Archived 29 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
"Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 2009". Sra.org.uk. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
"Times Online Style Guide – I". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2008.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

John Davies, The Correct Name for Ireland [2]. [See Text of Treaty of London, 1949 at Wikisource; the UK government was the depository for the Treaty.]