Nation of Islam (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nation of Islam" in English language version.

Last modified: 14:10:47, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

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adl.org (Global: 2,523^rd place; English: 1,676^th place)

Gibson 2012, p. 97; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 159; Anti-Defamation League 2021. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175. Anti-Defamation League (2021). "The Nation of Islam". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on April 2, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Gardell 1996, pp. 63–64; Lee 1996, p. 39; Haywood 2017, pp. 9, 10. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Haywood, D'Weston L. (2017). ""A Superb Sales Force… the Men of Muhammad:" The Nation of Islam, Black Masculinity, and Selling Muhammad Speaks in the Black Power Era". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 9–30. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Allen 1996, p. 14; Gardell 1996, p. 80; Lee 1996, p. 42. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lee 1996, p. 66; Finley 2022, pp. 110, 117. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 8; Lee 1996, p. 2; Wojcik 2003, p. 280; Barnett 2006, p. 874. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Wojcik, Daniel (2003). "Apocalyptic and Millenarian Aspects of American UFOism". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 274–300. ISBN 978-0415263245. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Lee 1996, pp. 34, 47. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 35; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456; Finley 2022, p. 69. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Lee 1996, p. 32; Finley 2022, p. 30. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 335; Lee 1996, p. 30. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Gibson 2017, p. 33. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2017). "Ebony Muhammad's Hurt2Healing Magazine and Contemporary Nation Women". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 31–45. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; Lee 1996, p. 30. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Deutsch 2000, p. 96. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other: The Nation of Islam and Judaism". In Chireau, Yvonne; Deutsch, Nathaniel (eds.). Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–117. ISBN 978-0195112580.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, pp. 75, 85; Finley 2022, p. 51. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Lee 1996, p. 48. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Stein 2002, p. 10. Stein, Howard (2002). ""The Eternal Jew": Resurgent Anti-Semitism in the Post-Cold War World". In Jerry S. Piven (ed.). Judaism and Genocide: Psychological Undercurrents of History Volume IV. Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press. pp. 1–24. ISBN 978-0595240869.

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143^rd place; English: 80^th place)

Buursma & Houston 1985; Allen 1996, p. 18; Gardell 1996, p. 113. Buursma, Bruce; Houston, Jack (May 3, 1985). "Main Black Muslim Sect Dissolves As Leader Quits". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2021. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Duranton 2024, p. 595. Duranton, Nils (2024). "Life in Abundance: Diet, Black Health and Spirituality in the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 53 (4): 593–611. doi:10.1177/00084298241238138.
Gardell 1996, p. 185; Curtis IV 2002, p. 187; Keener & Usry 2005, p. 172; MacGregor 2007, p. 87; Oliver 2012, p. 28; Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 978-0739454954. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063. Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0197-6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Soumahoro 2007, p. 39; Fishman & Soage 2013, pp. 59, 60. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Tinaz 2000, p. 45; Tinaz 2006, p. 151. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 165. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Austin 2003, p. 55. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 55; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 34. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Barnett 2006, p. 881. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 109, 322; Akom 2003, p. 311; Barnett 2006, p. 881. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 176. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, pp. 881–882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 59. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, pp. 54, 181; Austin 2003, p. 59; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Berg 2005, p. 686. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Lincoln 1961, p. iv; Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Gardell 1996, p. 36; Tinaz 2000, p. 46; Tinaz 2006, p. 153. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Barrett 2001, p. 252; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Berg 2005, p. 700. Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell and Co. ISBN 978-0304355921. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Allen 1996, p. 8. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Gardell 1996, pp. 188, 195; Curtis IV 2006, p. 10; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571.
Akom 2003, pp. 307, 308. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Gardell 1996, p. 35; Tinaz 2006, p. 153. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 451; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 138. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 880. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Allen 1996, p. 7; Gardell 1996, p. 31; Tinaz 1996, p. 193. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Allen 1996, p. 7; Gardell 1996, p. 37; Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Berg 2005, p. 689. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Gardell 1996, p. 37; Tinaz 1996, pp. 193–194. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, pp. 10–11; Allen 1996, p. 8; Gardell 1996, p. 50; Gibson 2012, p. 13; Colley 2014, p. 397. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Lincoln 1961, p. 14; Gardell 1996, pp. 54–55; Tinaz 1996, p. 195; Gibson 2012, p. 19. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070.
Lincoln 1961, p. 15; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 60. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 60. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
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Gardell 1996, p. 145; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 25. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
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Curtis IV 2016, p. 14; Finley 2022, p. 26. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
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Gardell 1996, p. 7; Austin 2003, p. 57. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
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Barnett 2006, p. 888. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
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Barnett 2006, p. 889; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 12; Finley 2022, p. 54. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
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Lee 1996, p. 30; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, pp. 75, 85; Finley 2022, p. 51. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 62; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 883; Colley 2014, p. 400. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 884. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Allen 1996, p. 19. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Gardell 1996, p. 304; Tinaz 1996, pp. 202–203. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Gardell 1996, p. 319; Tinaz 1996, p. 201. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Akom 2003, p. 307. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
West 1996, p. 45. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812.
Gardell 1996, p. 321; Barnett 2006, p. 884. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 61. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Allen 1996, p. 14. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 62; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 572. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 65; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 62. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 324; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Akom 2003, p. 313. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Akom 2007, p. 723. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
West 1996, p. 45; Akom 2007, p. 725. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Gardell 1996, p. 5; Curtis IV 2002, pp. 167–168. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
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Barnett 2006, p. 891; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 55. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 57. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 15. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
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Tinaz 1996, p. 198; Austin 2003, p. 64; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 138. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 139. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
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Gardell 1996, pp. 207, 319–320; Tinaz 1996, p. 201. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Woodford 1996, pp. 35–37. Woodford, Maize (1996). "A Chronology: Farrakhan's "World Friendship Tour" to Africa and the Middle East: January–February 1996". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 35–40. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430811.
Woodford 1996, p. 37; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 141. Woodford, Maize (1996). "A Chronology: Farrakhan's "World Friendship Tour" to Africa and the Middle East: January–February 1996". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 35–40. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430811. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Allen 1996, p. 5; Gardell 1996, pp. 271–272. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 5; Gardell 1996, p. 274. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 6; Gardell 1996, p. 277. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 11. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Colley 2014, p. 398. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Tinaz 2006, p. 154. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tinaz 2006, p. 152. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
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Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. hdl:1805/35944. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717.

dx.doi.org

Taylor 2017, p. 105. Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4696-3393-0.
Taylor 2017, p. 37. Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4696-3393-0.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

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ucpress.edu (Global: 3,462^nd place; English: 2,052^nd place)

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usnews.com (Global: 720^th place; English: 417^th place)

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Lincoln 1961, p. iv; Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Lincoln 1961, p. 11; Gibson 2012, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070.
Lincoln 1961, pp. 10–11; Allen 1996, p. 8; Gardell 1996, p. 50; Gibson 2012, p. 13; Colley 2014, p. 397. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Lincoln 1961, p. 14; Gardell 1996, p. 54. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Lincoln 1961, p. 14; Gardell 1996, pp. 54–55; Tinaz 1996, p. 195; Gibson 2012, p. 19. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070.
Lincoln 1961, p. 21; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 3. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Lincoln 1961, p. 15; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Allen 1996, p. 10; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 4; Gardell 1996, pp. 269, 348; Deutsch 2000, p. 105; Gabriel 2003, p. 154; Gibson 2012, p. 71. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other: The Nation of Islam and Judaism". In Chireau, Yvonne; Deutsch, Nathaniel (eds.). Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–117. ISBN 978-0195112580. Gabriel, Theodore (2003). "The United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 149–161. ISBN 978-0415263245. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313398070.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; Lee 1996, p. 30. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.

Nation of Islam (English Wikipedia)

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