Nation of Islam (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nation of Islam" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

235doi.org

2^nd place

125semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

67jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

42ucpress.edu

4,246^th place

2,804^th place

42handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

18worldcat.org

5^th place

17archive.org

6^th place

15web.archive.org

1^st place

5nytimes.com

7^th place

1chicagotribune.com

95^th place

70^th place

1tnr.com

8,331^st place

5,204^th place

1tampabay.com

829^th place

485^th place

1nationalreview.com

1,698^th place

987^th place

1books.google.com

3^rd place

1jns.org

low place

1usnews.com

634^th place

432^nd place

1wsj.com

79^th place

65^th place

1latimes.com

22^nd place

19^th place

1splcenter.org

2,003^rd place

1,161^st place

1adl.org

1,810^th place

1,134^th place

adl.org (Global: 1,810^th place; English: 1,134^th place)

"The Nation of Islam". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on April 2, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Gardell 1996, pp. 63–64; Lee 1996, p. 39; Haywood 2017, pp. 9, 10. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Haywood, D'Weston L. (2017). ""A Superb Sales Force… the Men of Muhammad:" The Nation of Islam, Black Masculinity, and Selling Muhammad Speaks in the Black Power Era". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 9–30. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Allen 1996, p. 14; Gardell 1996, p. 80; Lee 1996, p. 42. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Gardell 1996, p. 102; Lee 1996, p. 58; Gibson 2012, pp. 72–74. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Lee 1996, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lee 1996, p. 66; Finley 2022, pp. 110, 117. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Lee 1996, p. 65; Gibson 2012, p. 81. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Allen 1996, p. 8; Lee 1996, p. 2; Wojcik 2003, p. 280; Barnett 2006, p. 874. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Wojcik, Daniel (2003). "Apocalyptic and Millenarian Aspects of American UFOism". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 274–300. ISBN 978-0415263245. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Lee 1996, pp. 34, 47. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 52. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 35; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456; Finley 2022, p. 69. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Lee 1996, p. 32; Finley 2022, p. 30. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 335; Lee 1996, p. 30. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Gibson 2017, p. 33. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2017). "Ebony Muhammad's Hurt2Healing Magazine and Contemporary Nation Women". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 31–45. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; Lee 1996, p. 30. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Deutsch 2000, p. 96. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other: The Nation of Islam and Judaism". In Chireau, Yvonne; Deutsch, Nathaniel (eds.). Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–117. ISBN 978-0-19-511258-0.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, pp. 75, 85; Finley. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Lee 1996, p. 48. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Stein 2002, p. 10. Stein, Howard (2002). ""The Eternal Jew": Resurgent Anti-Semitism in the Post-Cold War World". In Jerry S. Piven (ed.). Judaism and Genocide: Psychological Undercurrents of History Volume IV. Lincoln, NE: Writers Club Press. pp. 1–24. ISBN 0-595-24086-0.

chicagotribune.com (Global: 95^th place; English: 70^th place)

Buursma, Bruce; Houston, Jack (May 3, 1985). "Main Black Muslim Sect Dissolves As Leader Quits". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Duranton 2024, p. 595. Duranton, Nils (2024). "Life in Abundance: Diet, Black Health and Spirituality in the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses. 53 (4): 593–611. doi:10.1177/00084298241238138.
Gardell 1996, p. 185; Curtis IV 2002, p. 187; Keener & Usry 2005, p. 172; MacGregor 2007, p. 87; Oliver 2012, p. 28; Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063. Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0197-6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Soumahoro 2007, p. 39; Fishman & Soage 2013, pp. 59, 60. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Tinaz 2000, p. 45; Tinaz 2006, p. 151. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 165. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Austin 2003, p. 55. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 55; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 34. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Curtis IV 2016, p. 13. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 881. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 109, 322; Akom 2003, p. 311; Barnett 2006, p. 881. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 176. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, pp. 881–882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 59. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, pp. 54, 181; Austin 2003, p. 59; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Berg 2005, p. 686. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Lincoln 1961, p. iv; Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Gardell 1996, p. 36; Tinaz 2000, p. 46; Tinaz 2006, p. 153. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Barrett 2001, p. 252; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Berg 2005, p. 700. Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell and Co. ISBN 978-0304355921. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Berg 2005, p. 699. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Allen 1996, p. 8. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Gardell 1996, pp. 188, 195; Curtis IV 2006, p. 10; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571.
Akom 2003, pp. 307, 308. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Gardell 1996, p. 35; Tinaz 2006, p. 153. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tinaz 1996, p. 194. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 451; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 138. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace.
Colley 2014, p. 393. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 880. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Allen 1996, p. 7; Gardell 1996, p. 31; Tinaz 1996, p. 193. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Allen 1996, p. 7; Gardell 1996, p. 37; Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Berg 2005, p. 689. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Gardell 1996, p. 37; Tinaz 1996, pp. 193–194. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, pp. 10–11; Allen 1996, p. 8; Gardell 1996, p. 50; Gibson 2012, p. 13; Colley 2014, p. 397. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Lincoln 1961, p. 14; Gardell 1996, pp. 54–55; Tinaz 1996, p. 195; Gibson 2012, p. 19. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Lincoln 1961, p. 15; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 60. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 60. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Allen 1996, p. 10; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Gardell 1996, p. 69; Colley 2014, p. 401. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, p. 70; Colley 2014, p. 401. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, pp. 58–59, 70–71; Colley 2014, p. 401; Vaught 2017, pp. 49–50. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Vaught, Seneca (2017). "The Crescent Moon and the Carceral State: The Nation of Islam and the Legal Battle for the Right to Assemble". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 46–67. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Allen 1996, p. 12; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 13. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Knight 1994, p. 183. Knight, Frederick (1994). "Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality, or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam". The Journal of Negro History. 79 (2): 182–196. doi:10.2307/2717628. JSTOR 2717628. S2CID 141089165.
Allen 1996, p. 3; Gardell 1996, p. 224. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 11; Gardell 1996, p. 65; Tinaz 1996, p. 197; Taylor 2005, pp. 59–60. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936.
Tinaz 2006, p. 155. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Gardell 1996, p. 80; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Allen 1996, p. 14; Gardell 1996, p. 80; Lee 1996, p. 42. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Gardell 1996, p. 76; Tinaz 1996, p. 199. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Allen 1996, p. 14. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Allen 1996, pp. 12–13. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Allen 1996, pp. 15–16; Gardell 1996, p. 189. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 101; Gibson 2012, p. 71; Curtis IV 2016, p. 24. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lee 1996, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Gibson 2012, pp. 76–77; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Gardell 1996, pp. 110–111; Tinaz 1996, p. 200. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 109. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Gardell 1996, pp. 111–112; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 61. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 109; Gibson 2012, p. 78; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 61. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Allen 1996, pp. 2, 17; Gardell 1996, p. 110; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Gibson 2012, p. 78; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 106; Berg 2005, pp. 696–697. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075.
Gardell 1996, p. 113; Tinaz 1996, pp. 200–201. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Allen 1996, p. 18; Gardell 1996, p. 113. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Gardell 1996, p. 123; Gibson 2012, pp. 85–86; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25; Finley 2022, p. 132. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 20; Gardell 1996, p. 138; Gibson 2012, p. 108. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Allen 1996, p. 18; Gardell 1996, p. 137. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 20; Gardell 1996, pp. 131–132; Curtis IV 2016, pp. 25–26; Finley 2022, pp. 137–139. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Tinaz 2006, p. 159. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Allen 1996, pp. 23–24; Gardell 1996, pp. 343–345; Tinaz 1996, pp. 203–204; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 61. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Barnett 2006, pp. 877–878. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 876; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Gardell 1996, pp. 145, 171; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 455; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Barnett 2006, p. 876. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 877. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 23. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Keener & Usry 2005, p. 175; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 9; Curtis IV 2016, p. 13. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 10; Gardell 1996, p. 144. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 10; Austin 2003, p. 56; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Austin 2003, p. 57. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, p. 145; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 25. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Austin 2003, p. 57; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 25. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 14; Finley 2022, p. 26. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Austin 2003, p. 58. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 57; Barnett 2006, p. 878. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 7; Austin 2003, p. 57. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 63. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 14. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 147; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 147; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, p. 30. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, pp. 453–454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, pp. 30–31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 22; Finley 2022, p. 43. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Taylor 2005, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 151; Berg 2005, p. 692; Finley 2022, p. 32. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Berg, Herbert (2005). "Mythmaking in the African American Muslim Context: The Moorish Science Temple, the Nation of Islam, and the American Society of Muslims". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 73 (3): 685–703. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfi075. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 235; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16; Finley 2022, p. 32. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 59, 148; Tinaz 1996, p. 197; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 139. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace.
Gardell 1996, pp. 59, 16; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Tinaz 2006, p. 160; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 140; Colley 2014, p. 400. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 46; Finley 2022, pp. 34, 44. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 260–261; Reid-Pharr 1996, pp. 140–141; Deutsch 2000, p. 109; Knight 2000, p. 163. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Reid-Pharr, Robert (1996). "Speaking through Anti-Semitism: The Nation of Islam and the Poetics of Black (Counter) Modernity". Social Text (49): 133–147. doi:10.2307/466897. JSTOR 466897. Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other: The Nation of Islam and Judaism". In Chireau, Yvonne; Deutsch, Nathaniel (eds.). Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–117. ISBN 978-0-19-511258-0. Knight, Peter (2000). Conspiracy Culture: From Kennedy to The X-Files. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415189781.
Allen 1996, p. 8; Lee 1996, p. 2; Wojcik 2003, p. 280; Barnett 2006, p. 874. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Wojcik, Daniel (2003). "Apocalyptic and Millenarian Aspects of American UFOism". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 274–300. ISBN 978-0415263245. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 158; Taylor 2005, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 68. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 20; Finley 2022, p. 68. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 158; Barrett 2001, p. 253; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456; Taylor 2005, p. 57. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell and Co. ISBN 978-0304355921. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936.
Gardell 1996, pp. 159, 164; Curtis IV 2016, pp. 19–20. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, pp. 59, 164; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 22. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lee 1996, p. 35; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456; Finley 2022, p. 69. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 182; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, pp. 124, 147; McCutcheon 2013, p. 61; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 32; Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 874. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 58; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 142; Boaz 2018, p. 24. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. Boaz, Danielle N. (2018). "The Voodoo Cult of Detroit: Race, Human Sacrifice, and the Nation of Islam from the 1930s to the 1970s". Journal of Interreligious Studies. 23: 17–30.
Barnett 2006, p. 875. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Allen 1996, p. 4; Gardell 1996, p. 60; Curtis IV 2006, p. 2; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 145; Haywood 2017, p. 12. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. Haywood, D'Weston L. (2017). ""A Superb Sales Force… the Men of Muhammad:" The Nation of Islam, Black Masculinity, and Selling Muhammad Speaks in the Black Power Era". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 9–30. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 145. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace.
Curtis IV 2006, p. 3; McCutcheon 2013, p. 65. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 147; Finley 2022, p. 43. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barrett 2001, p. 252; Jeffries 2019, p. 2. Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell and Co. ISBN 978-0304355921. Jeffries, Bayyinah S. (2019). "Black Religion and Black Power: The Nation of Islam's Internationalism". Genealogy. 3 (3): 34. doi:10.3390/genealogy3030034.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 69. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Gardell 1996, p. 60; McCutcheon 2013, p. 62. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Soumahoro 2007, p. 42; Barnett 2006, p. 882. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 65; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Austin 2003, p. 66. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Barnett 2006, p. 883. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 65. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Turman 2015, p. 140. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Turman, Eboni Marshall (2015). ""The Greatest Tool of the Devil:" Mamie, Malcolm X, and the PolitiX of the Black Madonna in Black Churches and the Nation of Islam in the United States". Journal of Africana Religions. 3 (1): 130–150. doi:10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130. JSTOR 10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130. S2CID 144861867.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 171. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, p. 879. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
West 1996, p. 42. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 30-31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; West 1996, p. 42; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Colley 2014, p. 409. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
West 1996, p. 41. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 171, 172. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 335; Gibson 2012, p. 103; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16; Finley 2022, p. 59. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 336; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Finley 2022, p. 56. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2006, p. 3; Curtis IV 2016, p. 10. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Akom 2007, p. 722. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 173. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 191; Barnett 2006, p. 879. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 65. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 183. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 183–184. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 63; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 60. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Gardell 1996, p. 54; Barnett 2006, p. 886. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 886. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Tinaz 1996, p. 197. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Colley 2014, p. 405; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 888. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, pp. 888–889. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 889; Finley 2022, p. 55. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 889. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 889; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 12; Finley 2022, p. 54. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 877; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 574. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 65. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, p. 83. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, pp. 75, 85; Finley. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Gardell 1996, p. 62; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 883; Colley 2014, p. 400. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 884. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Allen 1996, p. 19. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Gardell 1996, p. 304; Tinaz 1996, pp. 202–203. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Gardell 1996, p. 319; Tinaz 1996, p. 201. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Akom 2003, p. 307. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
West 1996, p. 45. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812.
Gardell 1996, p. 321; Barnett 2006, p. 884. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 61. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 62; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 572. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 65; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 62. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 324; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Akom 2003, p. 313. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Akom 2007, p. 723. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
West 1996, p. 45; Akom 2007, p. 725. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 167–168. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 4; Gardell 1996, p. 250; Gibson 2012, p. 89. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Barnett 2006, p. 891. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 55. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 57. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 15. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Austin 2003, p. 67. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 174–175. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Tinaz 2006, p. 160. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Austin 2003, p. 62; Vaught 2017, p. 48. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Vaught, Seneca (2017). "The Crescent Moon and the Carceral State: The Nation of Islam and the Legal Battle for the Right to Assemble". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 46–67. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Austin 2003, p. 62; Paisley 2009, p. 23. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Paisley, Fiona (2009). "From Nation of Islam to Goodwill Tourist: African-American Women at Pan-Pacific and South East Asia Women's Conferences, 1937 and 1955". Women's Studies International Forum. 32: 21–28. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.008.
Austin 2003, p. 62. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Tinaz 1996, p. 198; Austin 2003, p. 64; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 138. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 139. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Allen 1996, p. 15; Gardell 1996, p. 207; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 66; Jeffries 2019, p. 6. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Jeffries, Bayyinah S. (2019). "Black Religion and Black Power: The Nation of Islam's Internationalism". Genealogy. 3 (3): 34. doi:10.3390/genealogy3030034.
Gardell 1996, pp. 207, 319–320; Tinaz 1996, p. 201. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Woodford 1996, pp. 35–37. Woodford, Maize (1996). "A Chronology: Farrakhan's "World Friendship Tour" to Africa and the Middle East: January–February 1996". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 35–40. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430811.
Woodford 1996, p. 37; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 141. Woodford, Maize (1996). "A Chronology: Farrakhan's "World Friendship Tour" to Africa and the Middle East: January–February 1996". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 35–40. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430811. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Allen 1996, p. 5; Gardell 1996, pp. 271–272. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 5; Gardell 1996, p. 274. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 6; Gardell 1996, p. 277. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Allen 1996, p. 11. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810.
Colley 2014, p. 398. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Tinaz 2006, p. 154. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tinaz 2006, p. 152. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Colley 2014, p. 399. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Akom 2003, p. 311. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Tinaz 2006, p. 161. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Gardell 1996, p. 306; Akom 2003, p. 311. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Colley 2014, p. 394. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Colley 2014, pp. 393–394. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Colley 2014, pp. 394, 405. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, pp. 307–308; Colley 2014, pp. 404–405. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Colley 2014, p. 409. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Taylor 2017, p. 105. Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4696-3393-0.
Taylor 2017, p. 37. Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4696-3393-0.
MacGregor 2007, pp. 92–93. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063.
Akom 2007, p. 718. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Gardell 1996, p. 5; Akom 2003, pp. 308–309. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717.
Tinaz 2006, p. 164. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Gardell 1996, p. 188; Curtis IV 2002, pp. 182–183; Austin 2003, p. 64. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.

dx.doi.org

Taylor 2017, p. 105. Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4696-3393-0.
Taylor 2017, p. 37. Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633930.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4696-3393-0.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Gardell 1996, p. 185; Curtis IV 2002, p. 187; Keener & Usry 2005, p. 172; MacGregor 2007, p. 87; Oliver 2012, p. 28; Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063. Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0197-6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Curtis IV 2016, p. 13. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 101; Gibson 2012, p. 71; Curtis IV 2016, p. 24. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lee 1996, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Gibson 2012, pp. 76–77; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, pp. 2, 17; Gardell 1996, p. 110; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Gibson 2012, p. 78; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 123; Gibson 2012, pp. 85–86; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25; Finley 2022, p. 132. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 20; Gardell 1996, pp. 131–132; Curtis IV 2016, pp. 25–26; Finley 2022, pp. 137–139. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 23. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Keener & Usry 2005, p. 175; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 9; Curtis IV 2016, p. 13. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 14; Finley 2022, p. 26. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 14. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 147; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 147; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, p. 30. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, pp. 453–454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, pp. 30–31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 22; Finley 2022, p. 43. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Taylor 2005, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 235; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16; Finley 2022, p. 32. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 59, 16; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 20; Finley 2022, p. 68. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 159, 164; Curtis IV 2016, pp. 19–20. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 22. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 182; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, pp. 124, 147; McCutcheon 2013, p. 61; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 32; Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 335; Gibson 2012, p. 103; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16; Finley 2022, p. 59. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2006, p. 3; Curtis IV 2016, p. 10. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Colley 2014, p. 405; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, p. 83. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, pp. 75, 85; Finley. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Gardell 1996, p. 62; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.

jns.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Senior Nation of Islam official: COVID-19 vaccine part of a plot to kill off blacks". JNS. Jewish News Syndicate. December 27, 2020. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Gardell 1996, p. 185; Curtis IV 2002, p. 187; Keener & Usry 2005, p. 172; MacGregor 2007, p. 87; Oliver 2012, p. 28; Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063. Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0197-6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 165. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Barnett 2006, p. 881. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 109, 322; Akom 2003, p. 311; Barnett 2006, p. 881. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 176. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, pp. 881–882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 54, 181; Austin 2003, p. 59; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Akom 2003, pp. 307, 308. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 451; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 138. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace.
Barnett 2006, p. 880. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Knight 1994, p. 183. Knight, Frederick (1994). "Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality, or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam". The Journal of Negro History. 79 (2): 182–196. doi:10.2307/2717628. JSTOR 2717628. S2CID 141089165.
Barnett 2006, pp. 877–878. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 876; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Barnett 2006, p. 876. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 877. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 57; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 25. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 57; Barnett 2006, p. 878. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 46; Finley 2022, pp. 34, 44. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 260–261; Reid-Pharr 1996, pp. 140–141; Deutsch 2000, p. 109; Knight 2000, p. 163. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Reid-Pharr, Robert (1996). "Speaking through Anti-Semitism: The Nation of Islam and the Poetics of Black (Counter) Modernity". Social Text (49): 133–147. doi:10.2307/466897. JSTOR 466897. Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other: The Nation of Islam and Judaism". In Chireau, Yvonne; Deutsch, Nathaniel (eds.). Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–117. ISBN 978-0-19-511258-0. Knight, Peter (2000). Conspiracy Culture: From Kennedy to The X-Files. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415189781.
Allen 1996, p. 8; Lee 1996, p. 2; Wojcik 2003, p. 280; Barnett 2006, p. 874. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Wojcik, Daniel (2003). "Apocalyptic and Millenarian Aspects of American UFOism". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 274–300. ISBN 978-0415263245. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 874. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 875. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Soumahoro 2007, p. 42; Barnett 2006, p. 882. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 883. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Turman 2015, p. 140. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Turman, Eboni Marshall (2015). ""The Greatest Tool of the Devil:" Mamie, Malcolm X, and the PolitiX of the Black Madonna in Black Churches and the Nation of Islam in the United States". Journal of Africana Religions. 3 (1): 130–150. doi:10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130. JSTOR 10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130. S2CID 144861867.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 171. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, p. 879. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 30-31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; West 1996, p. 42; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Colley 2014, p. 409. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 171, 172. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 336; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Finley 2022, p. 56. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 173. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 191; Barnett 2006, p. 879. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 183. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 183–184. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 54; Barnett 2006, p. 886. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 886. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 888. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, pp. 888–889. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 889; Finley 2022, p. 55. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 889. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 889; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 12; Finley 2022, p. 54. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 877; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 574. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 883; Colley 2014, p. 400. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 884. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Akom 2003, p. 307. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Gardell 1996, p. 321; Barnett 2006, p. 884. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 324; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Akom 2003, p. 313. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 167–168. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, p. 891. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 55. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 57. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 174–175. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Akom 2003, p. 311. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Gardell 1996, p. 306; Akom 2003, p. 311. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Colley 2014, pp. 393–394. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, p. 5; Akom 2003, pp. 308–309. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717.
Gardell 1996, p. 188; Curtis IV 2002, pp. 182–183; Austin 2003, p. 64. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.

latimes.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 19^th place)

"Farrakhan Denied $1 Billion From Libya". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. August 29, 1996. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.

nationalreview.com (Global: 1,698^th place; English: 987^th place)

"The Troubling Connections between Scientology and the Nation of Islam". National Review. April 2, 2018. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

Buckley, Thomas (March 11, 1966). "Malcolm X Jury Finds 3 Guilty". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
Roth, Jack (April 15, 1966). "3 Get Life Terms in Malcolm Case". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
Anne Barnard (May 11, 2012). "Harlem Split on Plan to Honor Officer Killed in Mosque in '72". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
Stevenson, Richard W. (August 28, 1996). "Officials to Block Qaddafi Gift to Farrakhan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.

archive.nytimes.com

MacFarquhar, Neil (February 26, 2007). "Nation of Islam at a Crossroad as Leader Exits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2025.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Gardell 1996, p. 185; Curtis IV 2002, p. 187; Keener & Usry 2005, p. 172; MacGregor 2007, p. 87; Oliver 2012, p. 28; Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063. Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0197-6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Tinaz 2000, p. 45; Tinaz 2006, p. 151. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 165. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Austin 2003, p. 55. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 55; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 34. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Barnett 2006, p. 881. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 109, 322; Akom 2003, p. 311; Barnett 2006, p. 881. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Akom, A. A. (2003). "Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology". Sociology of Education. 76 (4): 305–325. doi:10.2307/1519868. JSTOR 1519868. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 176. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, pp. 881–882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 59. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, pp. 54, 181; Austin 2003, p. 59; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Gardell 1996, p. 36; Tinaz 2000, p. 46; Tinaz 2006, p. 153. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571.
Gardell 1996, p. 35; Tinaz 2006, p. 153. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tsoukalas 2004, p. 451; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 138. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace.
Colley 2014, p. 393. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 880. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Lincoln 1961, pp. 10–11; Allen 1996, p. 8; Gardell 1996, p. 50; Gibson 2012, p. 13; Colley 2014, p. 397. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, p. 69; Colley 2014, p. 401. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, p. 70; Colley 2014, p. 401. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, pp. 58–59, 70–71; Colley 2014, p. 401; Vaught 2017, pp. 49–50. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Vaught, Seneca (2017). "The Crescent Moon and the Carceral State: The Nation of Islam and the Legal Battle for the Right to Assemble". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 46–67. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Knight 1994, p. 183. Knight, Frederick (1994). "Justifiable Homicide, Police Brutality, or Governmental Repression? The 1962 Los Angeles Police Shooting of Seven Members of the Nation of Islam". The Journal of Negro History. 79 (2): 182–196. doi:10.2307/2717628. JSTOR 2717628. S2CID 141089165.
Allen 1996, p. 11; Gardell 1996, p. 65; Tinaz 1996, p. 197; Taylor 2005, pp. 59–60. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936.
Tinaz 2006, p. 155. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tinaz 2006, p. 159. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Barnett 2006, pp. 877–878. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 876; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Gardell 1996, pp. 145, 171; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 455; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Barnett 2006, p. 876. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 877. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Allen 1996, p. 10; Austin 2003, p. 56; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Austin 2003, p. 57. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 57; Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 25. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 882. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 58. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 57; Barnett 2006, p. 878. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 7; Austin 2003, p. 57. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Austin 2003, p. 63. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, pp. 453–454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, pp. 30–31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 22; Finley 2022, p. 43. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Taylor 2005, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Tinaz 2006, p. 160; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 140; Colley 2014, p. 400. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 882; Soumahoro 2007, p. 46; Finley 2022, pp. 34, 44. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 8; Lee 1996, p. 2; Wojcik 2003, p. 280; Barnett 2006, p. 874. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Wojcik, Daniel (2003). "Apocalyptic and Millenarian Aspects of American UFOism". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 274–300. ISBN 978-0415263245. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 158; Taylor 2005, p. 63; Finley 2022, p. 68. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 158; Barrett 2001, p. 253; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456; Taylor 2005, p. 57. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell and Co. ISBN 978-0304355921. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936.
Gardell 1996, pp. 59, 164; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571.
Lee 1996, p. 35; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 456; Finley 2022, p. 69. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 182; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, pp. 124, 147; McCutcheon 2013, p. 61; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 32; Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 874. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 58; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, p. 142; Boaz 2018, p. 24. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. Boaz, Danielle N. (2018). "The Voodoo Cult of Detroit: Race, Human Sacrifice, and the Nation of Islam from the 1930s to the 1970s". Journal of Interreligious Studies. 23: 17–30.
Barnett 2006, p. 875. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2006, p. 3; McCutcheon 2013, p. 65. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 69. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Gardell 1996, p. 60; McCutcheon 2013, p. 62. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Soumahoro 2007, p. 42; Barnett 2006, p. 882. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 65; Soumahoro 2007, p. 42. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1.
Austin 2003, p. 66. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Barnett 2006, p. 883. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Austin 2003, p. 65. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Turman 2015, p. 140. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Turman, Eboni Marshall (2015). ""The Greatest Tool of the Devil:" Mamie, Malcolm X, and the PolitiX of the Black Madonna in Black Churches and the Nation of Islam in the United States". Journal of Africana Religions. 3 (1): 130–150. doi:10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130. JSTOR 10.5325/jafrireli.3.1.0130. S2CID 144861867.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 171. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, p. 879. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 30-31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Gardell 1996, p. 330; West 1996, p. 42; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Colley 2014, p. 409. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 171, 172. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 336; Barnett 2006, p. 879; Finley 2022, p. 56. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Akom 2007, p. 722. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 173. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 191; Barnett 2006, p. 879. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 183. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 183–184. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Gardell 1996, p. 54; Barnett 2006, p. 886. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 886. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Colley 2014, p. 405; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 888. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, pp. 888–889. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 889; Finley 2022, p. 55. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 889. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 889; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 12; Finley 2022, p. 54. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Barnett 2006, p. 877; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 574. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 65. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; Barnett 2006, p. 883; Colley 2014, p. 400. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Barnett 2006, p. 884. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 321; Barnett 2006, p. 884. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 61. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 62; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 572. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 65; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1.
McCutcheon 2013, p. 62. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, p. 323; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Gardell 1996, pp. 61, 324; Barnett 2006, p. 880. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Akom 2007, p. 723. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
West 1996, p. 45; Akom 2007, p. 725. West, Cynthia S'thembile (1996). "Revisting [sic] Female Activism in the 1960s: The Newark Branch Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 41–48. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430812. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 167–168. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Barnett 2006, p. 891. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 55. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 174; Finley 2022, p. 57. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Austin 2003, p. 67. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Curtis IV 2002, pp. 174–175. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488.
Tinaz 2006, p. 160. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Austin 2003, p. 62; Vaught 2017, p. 48. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Vaught, Seneca (2017). "The Crescent Moon and the Carceral State: The Nation of Islam and the Legal Battle for the Right to Assemble". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 46–67. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Austin 2003, p. 62; Paisley 2009, p. 23. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Paisley, Fiona (2009). "From Nation of Islam to Goodwill Tourist: African-American Women at Pan-Pacific and South East Asia Women's Conferences, 1937 and 1955". Women's Studies International Forum. 32: 21–28. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2009.01.008.
Austin 2003, p. 62. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.
Tinaz 1996, p. 198; Austin 2003, p. 64; Izadi et al. 2020, p. 138. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380. Izadi, Foad; Hosseini, Hassan; Mohammadi, Setareh Sadeqi; Anjomeruz, Susan (2020). "The Islamic Republic of Iran in the Rhetoric of the Nation of Islam". Journal of World Sociopolitical Studies. 4 (1): 133–175.
Colley 2014, p. 398. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Tinaz 2006, p. 154. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Tinaz 2006, p. 152. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Colley 2014, p. 399. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Tinaz 2006, p. 161. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Colley 2014, p. 394. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Colley 2014, pp. 393–394. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Colley 2014, pp. 394, 405. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Gardell 1996, pp. 307–308; Colley 2014, pp. 404–405. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Colley 2014, p. 409. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Akom 2007, p. 718. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi:10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717.
Tinaz 2006, p. 164. Tinaz, Nuri (2006). "Black Islam in Diaspora: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 26 (2): 151–170. doi:10.1080/13602000600937580. S2CID 143231871.
Gardell 1996, p. 188; Curtis IV 2002, pp. 182–183; Austin 2003, p. 64. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Austin, Algernon (2003). "Rethinking Race and the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 26 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/01419870022000025270. S2CID 143645380.

splcenter.org (Global: 2,003^rd place; English: 1,161^st place)

"Nation of Islam". Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. 2020. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2020.

tampabay.com (Global: 829^th place; English: 485^th place)

Rossetter, Shelley; Tobin, Thomas C. (October 18, 2012). "Louis Farrakhan renews call for self-determination among Nation of Islam followers". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.

tnr.com (Global: 8,331^st place; English: 5,204^th place)

Gray, Eliza (October 5, 2012). "The Mothership of All Alliances". The New Republic. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.

ucpress.edu (Global: 4,246^th place; English: 2,804^th place)

online.ucpress.edu

Gardell 1996, p. 185; Curtis IV 2002, p. 187; Keener & Usry 2005, p. 172; MacGregor 2007, p. 87; Oliver 2012, p. 28; Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. MacGregor, Kirk R. (2007). "The Word-Faith Movement: A Theological Conflation of the Nation of Islam and Mormonism?". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 75 (1): 87–120. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfl063. Oliver, Paul (2012). New Religious Movements: A Guide for the Perplexed. London and New York: Continuum. ISBN 978-1-4411-0197-6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 7. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Curtis IV 2016, p. 13. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 181; Curtis IV 2006, p. 4; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2002, p. 182; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. S2CID 145361488. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 101; Gibson 2012, p. 71; Curtis IV 2016, p. 24. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lee 1996, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 16; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Gibson 2012, pp. 76–77; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, pp. 2, 17; Gardell 1996, p. 110; Tinaz 1996, p. 199; Gibson 2012, p. 78; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 123; Gibson 2012, pp. 85–86; Curtis IV 2016, p. 25; Finley 2022, p. 132. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Allen 1996, p. 20; Gardell 1996, pp. 131–132; Curtis IV 2016, pp. 25–26; Finley 2022, pp. 137–139. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 23. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Keener & Usry 2005, p. 175; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 64; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Keener, Craig S.; Usry, Glenn (2005). "The Nation of Islam". In Ronald Enroth (ed.). A Guide to New Religious Movements. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. pp. 169–183. ISBN 9780739454954. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Allen 1996, p. 9; Curtis IV 2016, p. 13. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 14; Finley 2022, p. 26. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 14. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 147; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 147; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, p. 30. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, pp. 453–454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 15; Finley 2022, pp. 30–31. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, p. 148; Tsoukalas 2004, p. 454; Curtis IV 2016, p. 22; Finley 2022, p. 43. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tsoukalas, Steven (2004). "Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism". Missiology: An International Review. 32 (4): 449–464. doi:10.1177/009182960403200404. S2CID 158017571. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Taylor 2005, p. 61; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Taylor, Wayne (2005). "Premillennium Tension: Malcolm X and the Eschatology of the Nation of Islam". Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society. 7 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/10999940590910041. S2CID 143226936. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 235; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16; Finley 2022, p. 32. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 59, 16; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 63; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 16. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 20; Finley 2022, p. 68. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Gardell 1996, pp. 159, 164; Curtis IV 2016, pp. 19–20. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 22. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 182; Soumahoro 2007, p. 40; Acevado, Ordner & Thompson 2010, pp. 124, 147; McCutcheon 2013, p. 61; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 32; Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Soumahoro, Maboula (2007). "Christianity on Trial: The Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35–48. ISBN 978-1-4039-7786-1. Acevado, Gabriel A.; Ordner, James; Thompson, Miriam (2010). "Narrative Inversion as a Tactical Framing Device: The Ideological Origins of the Nation of Islam". Narrative Inquiry. 20 (1): 124–152. doi:10.1075/ni.20.1.07ace. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013). ""Returning Home to Our Rightful Place": The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms". Geoforum. 49: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.05.001. S2CID 7188105. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 335; Gibson 2012, p. 103; Curtis IV 2016, p. 16; Finley 2022, p. 59. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Finley, Stephen C. (2022). In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1478016137.
Curtis IV 2006, p. 3; Curtis IV 2016, p. 10. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion and the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807857717. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Colley 2014, p. 405; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, p. 83. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Lee 1996, p. 30; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18; Potorti 2017, pp. 75, 85; Finley. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819. Potorti, Mary (2017). "Eat to Live: Culinary Nationalism and Black Capitalism in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". In Gibson Dawn-Marie and Herbert Berg (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 68–94. ISBN 978-0367875176.
Gardell 1996, p. 62; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Barnett 2006, p. 891; Curtis IV 2016, p. 17. Barnett, Michael (2006). "Differences and Similarities Between the Rastafari Movement and the Nation of Islam". Journal of Black Studies. 36 (6): 873–893. doi:10.1177/0021934705279611. JSTOR 40034350. S2CID 145012190. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Curtis IV 2016, p. 6. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.

usnews.com (Global: 634^th place; English: 432^nd place)

Bedard, Paul (July 5, 2011). "Farrakhan's Hate Sermons to Prisoners Slammed". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2012.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

MacFarquhar, Neil (February 26, 2007). "Nation of Islam at a Crossroad as Leader Exits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2025.
Buckley, Thomas (March 11, 1966). "Malcolm X Jury Finds 3 Guilty". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
Roth, Jack (April 15, 1966). "3 Get Life Terms in Malcolm Case". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
Anne Barnard (May 11, 2012). "Harlem Split on Plan to Honor Officer Killed in Mosque in '72". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
Buursma, Bruce; Houston, Jack (May 3, 1985). "Main Black Muslim Sect Dissolves As Leader Quits". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
Gray, Eliza (October 5, 2012). "The Mothership of All Alliances". The New Republic. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
Rossetter, Shelley; Tobin, Thomas C. (October 18, 2012). "Louis Farrakhan renews call for self-determination among Nation of Islam followers". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
"The Troubling Connections between Scientology and the Nation of Islam". National Review. April 2, 2018. Archived from the original on September 12, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
"Senior Nation of Islam official: COVID-19 vaccine part of a plot to kill off blacks". JNS. Jewish News Syndicate. December 27, 2020. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
Bedard, Paul (July 5, 2011). "Farrakhan's Hate Sermons to Prisoners Slammed". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
Gaiter, Dorothy J. (August 26, 1996). "Nation of Islam Tries to Accept Gift of $1 Billion from Libya". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
Stevenson, Richard W. (August 28, 1996). "Officials to Block Qaddafi Gift to Farrakhan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
"Farrakhan Denied $1 Billion From Libya". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. August 29, 1996. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
"Nation of Islam". Montgomery, Alabama: Southern Poverty Law Center. 2020. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
"The Nation of Islam". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on April 2, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Lincoln 1961, p. iv; Tinaz 1996, p. 193; Fishman & Soage 2013, p. 62. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United". Religion Compass. 7 (2): 59–68. doi:10.1111/rec3.12032.
Lincoln 1961, pp. 10–11; Allen 1996, p. 8; Gardell 1996, p. 50; Gibson 2012, p. 13; Colley 2014, p. 397. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284.
Lincoln 1961, p. 11; Gibson 2012, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Lincoln 1961, p. 21; Gibson & Karim 2014, p. 3. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Karim, Jamillah (2014). Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam. New York and London: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814737866.
Lincoln 1961, p. 13. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580.
Lincoln 1961, p. 14; Gardell 1996, p. 54. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Lincoln 1961, p. 13; Gardell 1996, p. 54. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Lincoln 1961, p. 14; Gardell 1996, pp. 54–55; Tinaz 1996, p. 195; Gibson 2012, p. 19. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Lincoln 1961, p. 15; Gardell 1996, p. 54. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453.
Lincoln 1961, p. 15; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 15. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Allen 1996, p. 10; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Allen, Ernest Jr. (1996). "Religious Heterodoxy and Nationalist Tradition: The Continuing Evolution of the Nation of Islam". The Black Scholar. 26 (3–4): 2–34. doi:10.1080/00064246.1996.11430810. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 16; Gardell 1996, p. 58; Tinaz 1996, p. 195. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Tinaz, Nuri (1996). "The Nation of Islam: Historical Evolution and Transformation of the Movement". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 16 (2): 193–209. doi:10.1080/13602009608716338.
Lincoln 1961, p. 4; Gardell 1996, pp. 269, 348; Deutsch 2000, p. 105; Gabriel 2003, p. 154; Gibson 2012, p. 71. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other: The Nation of Islam and Judaism". In Chireau, Yvonne; Deutsch, Nathaniel (eds.). Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–117. ISBN 978-0-19-511258-0. Gabriel, Theodore (2003). "The United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 149–161. ISBN 978-0415263245. Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom. Santa Barbara: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-39807-0.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; Lee 1996, p. 30. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0889468535.
Lincoln 1961, p. 17; Gardell 1996, p. 61; McCutcheon 2013b, p. 575; Colley 2014, p. 400; Curtis IV 2016, p. 18. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press. OCLC 422580. Gardell, Mattias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. McCutcheon, Priscilla (2013b). "Community Food Security "For Us, By Us": The Nation of Islam and the Pan African Orthodox Christian Church". In Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (ed.). Food and Culture: A Reader (third ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 572–586. ISBN 978-0-415-52103-1. Colley, Zoe (2014). ""All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". Journal of American Studies. 48 (2): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875813001308. S2CID 144329284. Curtis IV, Edward E. (2016). "Science and Technology in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam: Astrophysical Disaster, Genetic Engineering, UFOs, White Apocalypse, and Black Resurrection" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 20 (1): 5–31. doi:10.1525/novo.2016.20.1.5. hdl:1805/14819.

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

Gaiter, Dorothy J. (August 26, 1996). "Nation of Islam Tries to Accept Gift of $1 Billion from Libya". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.

Nation of Islam (English Wikipedia)

adl.org (Global: 1,810th place; English: 1,134th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

chicagotribune.com (Global: 95th place; English: 70th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

doi.org

dx.doi.org

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

jns.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

latimes.com (Global: 22nd place; English: 19th place)

nationalreview.com (Global: 1,698th place; English: 987th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)