Nature versus nurture (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nature versus nurture" in English language version.

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  • English usage is based on a tradition going back to medieval literature, where the opposition of nature ("instinct, inclination") norreture ("culture, adopted mores") is a common motif, famously in Chretien de Troyes' Perceval, where the hero's effort to suppress his natural impulse of compassion in favor of what he considers proper courtly behavior leads to catastrophe. Lacy, Norris J. (1980) The Craft of Chrétien de Troyes: An Essay on Narrative Art, Brill Archive, p. 5.
  • In Plato's Protagoras 351b; an opposition is made by Protagoras' character between art on one hand and constitution and fit nurture (nature and nurture) of the soul on the other, art (as well as rage and madness; ἀπὸ τέχνης ἀπὸ θυμοῦ γε καὶ ἀπὸ μανίας) contributing to boldness (θάρσος), but nature and nurture combine to contribute to courage (ἀνδρεία). "Protagoras, in spite of the misgiving of Socrates, has no scruple in announcing himself a teacher of virtue, because virtue in the sense by him understood seems sufficiently secured by nature and nurture." Mackay, Robert W. 1869. "Introduction to the 'Meno' in comparison with the 'Protagoras'." Pp. 133–50 in Plato's Meno: A Dialogue on the Nature and Meaning of Education. London: Williams and Norgate. p. 138.
  • Galton, Francis (1895). English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture. D. Appleton. p. 9. Nature versus nurture galton.
  • Jespersen, Otto (1922). Language, its nature, development, and origin. H. Holt.
  • Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502535-4.
  • Herschkowitz, Norbert; Herschkowitz, Elinore Chapman (2002). A Good Start In Life (2nd ed.). Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 9780309076395.

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  • Galton, Francis (1875). "On Men of Science, their Nature and their Nurture". Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 7: 227–236.
  • Moore, David (2003). The Dependent Gene: The Fallacy of "Nature Vs. Nurture". Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9780805072808.
  • 中山大学中文系. 《古汉语基础知识》编写组 (1979). 古汉语基础知识 (in Chinese). 广东人民出版社. p. 107. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  • Harris, Judith Rich (24 February 2009). The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do, Revised and Updated. Simon and Schuster. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-1-4391-0165-0.

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  • Bouchard, T. J. Jr. (1998). "Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities". Human Biology. 70 (2): 257–79. JSTOR 41465638. PMID 9549239.

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  • A position not actually taken by the author, but apparently it was feared that "lay readers" would still interpret the book in this way, as in "Will it free some to mistreat their kids, since 'it doesn't matter'?", with this fear being attributed to "psychologist Frank Farley of Temple University, president of the APA division that honored Harris" by Begley, Sharon (1998-09-29). "The Parent Trap". Newsweek.

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