Nazi human experimentation (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nazi human experimentation" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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11nih.gov

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9doi.org

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9web.archive.org

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8worldcat.org

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6ushmm.org

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6harvard.edu

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6jewishvirtuallibrary.org

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5archive.org

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4books.google.com

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2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

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1france24.com

481^st place

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1utoronto.ca

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1pbs.org

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1jlaw.com

low place

1commondreams.org

5,363^rd place

3,477^th place

1oup.com

485^th place

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1bbc.co.uk

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1slate.com

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1springer.com

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1nytimes.com

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1thenewatlantis.com

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1tandfonline.com

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1auschwitz.dk

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1about.com

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1bmj.com

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about.com

history1900s.about.com

Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Mengele's Children – The Twins of Auschwitz". about.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2008.

archive.org

Mackowski, Maura Phillips (2006). Testing the Limits: Aviation Medicine and the Origins of Manned Space Flight. Texas A&M University Press. p. 94. ISBN 1-58544-439-1.
Spitz, Vivien (2005). Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans. Sentient Publications. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-59181-032-2. sulfonamide nazi tetanus.
LeVay, Simon (1996). Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality. MIT Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-262-12199-6 – via Internet Archive.
Günter, Grau (1995). Hidden Holocaust? Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany, 1933–45. Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 281–292. ISBN 978-1-134-26105-5.
United States. Office of Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality; United States. Dept. of State; United States. War Dept; International Military Tribunal (1946). Nazi conspiracy and aggression: Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality. U.S. Govt. Print. Off.

auschwitz.dk

"Children of Bullenhuser Damm". www.auschwitz.dk. Retrieved 31 March 2016.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Meric, Vesna (27 January 2005). "Forced to take part in experiments". BBC News.

bmj.com

Vollman, Jochen; Rolf Winau. "Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code". BMJ. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2008.

books.google.com

Perper, Joshua A.; Cina, Stephen J. (2010). When Doctors Kill: Who, Why, and How. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-1369-2.
Cockburn, Alexander (1998). Whiteout:The CIA, Drugs, and the Press. Verso. ISBN 978-1-85984-139-6.
Small, Martin; Vic Shayne. "Remember Us: My Journey from the Shtetl through the Holocaust", p. 135, 2009.
George J. Annas Edward R. Utley Professor of Health Law; Medicine Michael A. Grodin Associate Professor of Philosophy and Associate Director of Law, and Ethics Program both of the Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health (1992). The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code : Human Rights in Human Experimentation: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. Oxford University Press, US. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-19-977226-1.

commondreams.org

Piotrowski, Christa (21 July 2000). "Dark Chapter of American History: U.S. Court Battle Over Forced Sterilization". CommonDreams.org News Center. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.

doi.org

Weindling, Paul; von Villiez, Anna; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Farron, Nichola (2016). "The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism". Endeavour. 40 (1). Elsevier BV: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.10.005. ISSN 0160-9327. PMC 4822534. PMID 26749461.
Berger, Robert L. (May 1990). "Nazi Science – the Dachau Hypothermia Experiments". New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (20): 1435–1440. doi:10.1056/NEJM199005173222006. PMID 2184357.
Bogod, David (2004). "The Nazi Hypothermia Experiments: Forbidden Data?". Anaesthesia. 59 (12): 1155–1156. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04034.x. PMID 15549970. S2CID 21906854.
Hildebrandt, Sabine; Benedict, Susan; Miller, Erin; Gaffney, Michael; Grodin, Michael A. (1 July 2017). ""Forgotten" Chapters in the History of Transcervical Sterilization: Carl Clauberg and Hans-Joachim Lindemann". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 72 (3): 272–301. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrx018. ISSN 0022-5045. PMID 28873982.
Winkelmann, Andreas; Schagen Udo (March 2009). "Hermann Stieve's clinical-anatomical research on executed women during the "Third Reich"". Clinical Anatomy. 22 (2). United States: 163–171. doi:10.1002/ca.20760. PMID 19173259. S2CID 578958.
Weindling, Paul (2020), Bardgett, Suzanne; Schmidt, Christine; Stone, Dan (eds.), "Mengele at Auschwitz: Reconstructing the Twins", Beyond Camps and Forced Labour, Springer International Publishing, pp. 11–30, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56391-2_2, ISBN 978-3-030-56390-5, retrieved 14 June 2025
Röll, Wolfgang (26 September 1996). "Homosexual Inmates in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp". Journal of Homosexuality. 31 (4): 24–25. doi:10.1300/J082v31n04_01. ISSN 0091-8369. PMID 8905527.
Metzger, W. G.; Ehni, H.-J.; Kremsner, P. G.; Mordmüller, B. G. (December 2019). "Experimental infections in humans – historical and ethical reflections". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 24 (12): 1384–1390. doi:10.1111/tmi.13320. ISSN 1360-2276. PMID 31654450.
Ghooi, Ravindra B. (1 January 2011). "The Nuremberg Code – A critique". Perspectives in Clinical Research. 2 (2): 72–76. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.80371. ISSN 2229-3485. PMC 3121268. PMID 21731859.

france24.com

"Nazi 'Doctor Death' found refuge in Cairo, died in 1992". France 24. 4 February 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2021.

harvard.edu

nuremberg.law.harvard.edu

"Nuremberg – Document Viewer – Deposition concerning medical experiments at Ravensbrueck [bone/muscle/nerve experiments]". nuremberg.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
"Nuremberg – Document Viewer – Letter to Sigmund Rascher concerning the high altitude experiments". nuremberg.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
"Nuremberg – Document Viewer – Affidavit concerning the seawater experiments". nuremberg.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
"Introduction to NMT Case 1: U.S.A. v. Karl Brandt et al". Harvard Law Library, Nuremberg Trials Project: A Digital Document Collection. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
"Nuremberg – Document Viewer – Affidavit concerning the management of the medical experiments program by the SS". nuremberg.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
"Nuremberg – Document Viewer – Letter to Erhard Milch concerning the high altitude and freezing experiments". nuremberg.law.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-14.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"Freezing Experiments". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
"Documents Regarding Nazi Medical Experiments". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
"Sea Water Experiments". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
Carl Clauberg (1898–1957)
"Medicine and Murder in the Third Reich". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
"Epidemic Jaundice Experiments". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

jlaw.com

Cohen, Baruch C. "The Ethics of Using Medical Data From Nazi Experiments". Jewish Law: Articles. Retrieved 23 March 2008.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Weindling, Paul; von Villiez, Anna; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Farron, Nichola (2016). "The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism". Endeavour. 40 (1). Elsevier BV: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.10.005. ISSN 0160-9327. PMC 4822534. PMID 26749461.
Berger, Robert L. (May 1990). "Nazi Science – the Dachau Hypothermia Experiments". New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (20): 1435–1440. doi:10.1056/NEJM199005173222006. PMID 2184357.
Bogod, David (2004). "The Nazi Hypothermia Experiments: Forbidden Data?". Anaesthesia. 59 (12): 1155–1156. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04034.x. PMID 15549970. S2CID 21906854.
Hildebrandt, Sabine; Benedict, Susan; Miller, Erin; Gaffney, Michael; Grodin, Michael A. (1 July 2017). ""Forgotten" Chapters in the History of Transcervical Sterilization: Carl Clauberg and Hans-Joachim Lindemann". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 72 (3): 272–301. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrx018. ISSN 0022-5045. PMID 28873982.
Winkelmann, Andreas; Schagen Udo (March 2009). "Hermann Stieve's clinical-anatomical research on executed women during the "Third Reich"". Clinical Anatomy. 22 (2). United States: 163–171. doi:10.1002/ca.20760. PMID 19173259. S2CID 578958.
Röll, Wolfgang (26 September 1996). "Homosexual Inmates in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp". Journal of Homosexuality. 31 (4): 24–25. doi:10.1300/J082v31n04_01. ISSN 0091-8369. PMID 8905527.
Metzger, W. G.; Ehni, H.-J.; Kremsner, P. G.; Mordmüller, B. G. (December 2019). "Experimental infections in humans – historical and ethical reflections". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 24 (12): 1384–1390. doi:10.1111/tmi.13320. ISSN 1360-2276. PMID 31654450.
Ghooi, Ravindra B. (1 January 2011). "The Nuremberg Code – A critique". Perspectives in Clinical Research. 2 (2): 72–76. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.80371. ISSN 2229-3485. PMC 3121268. PMID 21731859.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Weindling, Paul; von Villiez, Anna; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Farron, Nichola (2016). "The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism". Endeavour. 40 (1). Elsevier BV: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.10.005. ISSN 0160-9327. PMC 4822534. PMID 26749461.
Ghooi, Ravindra B. (1 January 2011). "The Nuremberg Code – A critique". Perspectives in Clinical Research. 2 (2): 72–76. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.80371. ISSN 2229-3485. PMC 3121268. PMID 21731859.

ohsr.od.nih.gov

"Regulations and Ethical Guidelines: Reprinted from Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. 2, pp. 181–182". Office of Human Subjects Research. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1949. Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2008.

nytimes.com

Aschheim, Steven (28 January 2020). "How Did Josef Mengele Become the Evil Doctor of Auschwitz?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 June 2025.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Hildebrandt, Sabine; Benedict, Susan; Miller, Erin; Gaffney, Michael; Grodin, Michael A. (1 July 2017). ""Forgotten" Chapters in the History of Transcervical Sterilization: Carl Clauberg and Hans-Joachim Lindemann". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 72 (3): 272–301. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrx018. ISSN 0022-5045. PMID 28873982.

pbs.org

Tyson, Peter. "Holocaust on Trial: The Experiments". NOVA Online. Retrieved 23 March 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bogod, David (2004). "The Nazi Hypothermia Experiments: Forbidden Data?". Anaesthesia. 59 (12): 1155–1156. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04034.x. PMID 15549970. S2CID 21906854.
Winkelmann, Andreas; Schagen Udo (March 2009). "Hermann Stieve's clinical-anatomical research on executed women during the "Third Reich"". Clinical Anatomy. 22 (2). United States: 163–171. doi:10.1002/ca.20760. PMID 19173259. S2CID 578958.

slate.com

Bazelon, Emily (6 November 2013). "The Nazi Anatomists". Slate. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2013.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Weindling, Paul (2020), Bardgett, Suzanne; Schmidt, Christine; Stone, Dan (eds.), "Mengele at Auschwitz: Reconstructing the Twins", Beyond Camps and Forced Labour, Springer International Publishing, pp. 11–30, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56391-2_2, ISBN 978-3-030-56390-5, retrieved 14 June 2025

tandfonline.com

Röll, Wolfgang (26 September 1996). "Homosexual Inmates in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp". Journal of Homosexuality. 31 (4): 24–25. doi:10.1300/J082v31n04_01. ISSN 0091-8369. PMID 8905527.

thenewatlantis.com

Schaefer, Naomi. The Legacy of Nazi Medicine Archived 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The New Atlantis, Number 5, Spring 2004, pp. 54–60.

ushmm.org

"Nazi Medical Experimentation". US Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
"The Doctors Trial: The Medical Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
"Nazi Medical Experiments". www.ushmm.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
"Nazi Medical Experiments". ushmm.org.
"The Nuremberg Code". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
"The Nuremberg Trials". www.ushmm.org. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

utoronto.ca

individual.utoronto.ca

"Women's Concentration Camp Medical Experiment Victims". Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2025.

web.archive.org

"The Doctors Trial: The Medical Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
"Women's Concentration Camp Medical Experiment Victims". Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
Piotrowski, Christa (21 July 2000). "Dark Chapter of American History: U.S. Court Battle Over Forced Sterilization". CommonDreams.org News Center. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
Bazelon, Emily (6 November 2013). "The Nazi Anatomists". Slate. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
Schaefer, Naomi. The Legacy of Nazi Medicine Archived 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The New Atlantis, Number 5, Spring 2004, pp. 54–60.
Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Mengele's Children – The Twins of Auschwitz". about.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
Vollman, Jochen; Rolf Winau. "Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code". BMJ. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2008.
"The Nuremberg Code". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
"Regulations and Ethical Guidelines: Reprinted from Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. 2, pp. 181–182". Office of Human Subjects Research. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1949. Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 23 March 2008.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Weindling, Paul; von Villiez, Anna; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Farron, Nichola (2016). "The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism". Endeavour. 40 (1). Elsevier BV: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.10.005. ISSN 0160-9327. PMC 4822534. PMID 26749461.
Lifton, Robert Jay (2017). The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09339-7. OCLC 1089625744.
Hildebrandt, Sabine; Benedict, Susan; Miller, Erin; Gaffney, Michael; Grodin, Michael A. (1 July 2017). ""Forgotten" Chapters in the History of Transcervical Sterilization: Carl Clauberg and Hans-Joachim Lindemann". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 72 (3): 272–301. doi:10.1093/jhmas/jrx018. ISSN 0022-5045. PMID 28873982.
Lifton 1986, p. 344. Lifton, Robert Jay (1986). The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-04904-2. OCLC 13334966.
Aschheim, Steven (28 January 2020). "How Did Josef Mengele Become the Evil Doctor of Auschwitz?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
Röll, Wolfgang (26 September 1996). "Homosexual Inmates in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp". Journal of Homosexuality. 31 (4): 24–25. doi:10.1300/J082v31n04_01. ISSN 0091-8369. PMID 8905527.
Metzger, W. G.; Ehni, H.-J.; Kremsner, P. G.; Mordmüller, B. G. (December 2019). "Experimental infections in humans – historical and ethical reflections". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 24 (12): 1384–1390. doi:10.1111/tmi.13320. ISSN 1360-2276. PMID 31654450.
Ghooi, Ravindra B. (1 January 2011). "The Nuremberg Code – A critique". Perspectives in Clinical Research. 2 (2): 72–76. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.80371. ISSN 2229-3485. PMC 3121268. PMID 21731859.