Neogene (English Wikipedia)

Krijgsman, Wout; Garcés, Miguel; Langereis, Cor G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, Jordi; Cabrera, Lluis (August 1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4. Retrieved October 2, 2025.
Gregory J., Retallack (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. eISSN 1938-5323. ISSN 0883-1351. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved October 2, 2025.
Steininger, Fritz F.; Aubry, M.P.; Berggren, W.A.; Biolzi, M.; M.Borsetti, A.; Cartlidge, Julie E.; Cati, F.; Corfield, R.; Gelati, R.; Iaccarino, S.; Napoleone, C.; Ottner, F.; Rögl, F.; Roetzel, R.; Spezzaferri, S.; Tateo, F.; Villa, G.; Zevenboom, D. (March 1997). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene". Episodes. 20 (1): 23–28. Bibcode:1997Episo..20...23S. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005.
Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (September 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification". Episodes. 33 (3): 152–158. Bibcode:2010Episo..33..152G. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002.
Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (March 2015). "Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo". Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. PMID 25739632. S2CID 4470282.
Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J.W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503.
Goedert, Jean; Amiot, Romain; Arnaut-Godet, Florent; Cuny, Gilles; Fourel, François; Hernandez, Jean-Alexis; Pedreira-Segade, Ulysse; Lécuyer, Christophe (1 September 2017). "Miocene (Burdigalian) seawater and air temperatures estimated from the geochemistry of fossil remains from the Aquitaine Basin, France". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 481: 14–28. Bibcode:2017PPP...481...14G. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.04.024.
Kasbohm, Jennifer; Schoene, Blair (19 September 2018). "Rapid eruption of the Columbia River flood basalt and correlation with the mid-Miocene climate optimum". Science Advances. 4 (9) eaat8223. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.8223K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat8223. PMC 6154988. PMID 30255148.
DeConto, Robert; Pollard, David; Harwood, David (24 August 2007). "Sea ice feedback and Cenozoic evolution of Antarctic climate and ice sheets". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 22 (3) 2006PA001350: 1–18. Bibcode:2007PalOc..22.3214D. doi:10.1029/2006PA001350.
Tanner, Thomas; Hernández-Almeida, Iván; Drury, Anna Joy; Guitián, José; Stoll, Heather (10 December 2020). "Decreasing Atmospheric CO2 During the Late Miocene Cooling". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 35 (12) e2020PA003925. Bibcode:2020PaPa...35.3925T. doi:10.1029/2020PA003925.
Lupien, Rachel; Uno, Kevin; Rose, Cassaundra; deRoberts, Nicole; Hazan, Cole; de Menocal, Peter; Polissar, Pratigya (9 October 2023). "Low-frequency orbital variations controlled climatic and environmental cycles, amplitudes, and trends in northeast Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene". Communications Earth & Environment. 4 (1): 360. Bibcode:2023ComEE...4..360L. doi:10.1038/s43247-023-01034-7.
Burke, K. D.; Williams, J. W.; Chandler, M. A.; Haywood, A. M.; Lunt, D. J.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L. (26 December 2018). "Pliocene and Eocene provide best analogs for near-future climates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (52): 13288–13293. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11513288B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1809600115. PMC 6310841. PMID 30530685.
De Vleeschouwer, David; Auer, Gerald; Smith, Rebecca; Bogus, Kara; Christensen, Beth; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Petrick, Benjamin; Henderiks, Jorijntje; Castañeda, Isla S.; O'Brien, Evan; Ellinghausen, Maret; Gallagher, Stephen J.; Fulthorpe, Craig S.; Pälike, Heiko (October 2018). "The amplifying effect of Indonesian Throughflow heat transport on Late Pliocene Southern Hemisphere climate cooling". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 500: 15–27. Bibcode:2018E&PSL.500...15D. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.035.
Levering, David; Hopkins, Samantha; Davis, Edward (15 January 2017). "Increasing locomotor efficiency among North American ungulates across the Oligocene-Miocene boundary". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 466: 279–286. Bibcode:2017PPP...466..279L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.036.
Krause, Johannes; Unger, Tina; Noçon, Aline; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis; Stiller, Mathias; Soibelzon, Leopoldo; Spriggs, Helen; Dear, Paul H; Briggs, Adrian W; Bray, Sarah CE; O'Brien, Stephen J; Rabeder, Gernot; Matheus, Paul; Cooper, Alan; Slatkin, Montgomery; Pääbo, Svante; Hofreiter, Martin (28 July 2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Palazzesi, Luis; Hidalgo, Oriane; Barreda, Viviana D.; Forest, Félix; Höhna, Sebastian (2022). "The rise of grasslands is linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the late Palaeogene". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 293. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13..293P. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27897-y. PMC 8755714. PMID 35022396.
Lourens, L.J.; Hilgen, F.J.; Laskar, J.; Shackleton, N.J.; Wilson, D. (2005). "The Neogene Period". In Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (eds.). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. pp. 409–440. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511536045. ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7.
"Quaternary Perspectives". Quaternary International. 154–155: 158–169. October 2006. Bibcode:2006QuInt.154..158.. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.06.001.

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Gregory J., Retallack (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. eISSN 1938-5323. ISSN 0883-1351. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved October 2, 2025.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Hörnes, M. (1853). "Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet" [Reports addressed to Professor Bronn]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde (in German): 806–810. hdl:2027/hvd.32044106271273. From p. 806: "Das häufige Vorkommen der Wiener Mollusken … im trennenden Gegensatze zu den eocänen zusammenzufassen." (The frequent occurrence of Viennese mollusks in typical Miocene as well as in typical Pliocene deposits motivated me – in order to avoid the perpetual monotony [of providing] details about the deposits – to subsume both deposits provisionally under the name "Neogene" (νεος new and γιγνομαι to arise) in distinguishing contrast to the Eocene.)

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Gregory J., Retallack (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. eISSN 1938-5323. ISSN 0883-1351. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved October 2, 2025.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Neogene". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.

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"Eucalyptus fossils in New Zealand – the thin end of the wedge". 22 September 2014.^{[self-published source?]}

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Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (March 2015). "Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo". Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. PMID 25739632. S2CID 4470282.
Kasbohm, Jennifer; Schoene, Blair (19 September 2018). "Rapid eruption of the Columbia River flood basalt and correlation with the mid-Miocene climate optimum". Science Advances. 4 (9) eaat8223. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.8223K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat8223. PMC 6154988. PMID 30255148.
Burke, K. D.; Williams, J. W.; Chandler, M. A.; Haywood, A. M.; Lunt, D. J.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L. (26 December 2018). "Pliocene and Eocene provide best analogs for near-future climates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (52): 13288–13293. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11513288B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1809600115. PMC 6310841. PMID 30530685.
Krause, Johannes; Unger, Tina; Noçon, Aline; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis; Stiller, Mathias; Soibelzon, Leopoldo; Spriggs, Helen; Dear, Paul H; Briggs, Adrian W; Bray, Sarah CE; O'Brien, Stephen J; Rabeder, Gernot; Matheus, Paul; Cooper, Alan; Slatkin, Montgomery; Pääbo, Svante; Hofreiter, Martin (28 July 2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Palazzesi, Luis; Hidalgo, Oriane; Barreda, Viviana D.; Forest, Félix; Höhna, Sebastian (2022). "The rise of grasslands is linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the late Palaeogene". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 293. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13..293P. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27897-y. PMC 8755714. PMID 35022396.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kasbohm, Jennifer; Schoene, Blair (19 September 2018). "Rapid eruption of the Columbia River flood basalt and correlation with the mid-Miocene climate optimum". Science Advances. 4 (9) eaat8223. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.8223K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat8223. PMC 6154988. PMID 30255148.
Burke, K. D.; Williams, J. W.; Chandler, M. A.; Haywood, A. M.; Lunt, D. J.; Otto-Bliesner, B. L. (26 December 2018). "Pliocene and Eocene provide best analogs for near-future climates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (52): 13288–13293. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11513288B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1809600115. PMC 6310841. PMID 30530685.
Krause, Johannes; Unger, Tina; Noçon, Aline; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis; Stiller, Mathias; Soibelzon, Leopoldo; Spriggs, Helen; Dear, Paul H; Briggs, Adrian W; Bray, Sarah CE; O'Brien, Stephen J; Rabeder, Gernot; Matheus, Paul; Cooper, Alan; Slatkin, Montgomery; Pääbo, Svante; Hofreiter, Martin (28 July 2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
Palazzesi, Luis; Hidalgo, Oriane; Barreda, Viviana D.; Forest, Félix; Höhna, Sebastian (2022). "The rise of grasslands is linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the late Palaeogene". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 293. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13..293P. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27897-y. PMC 8755714. PMID 35022396.

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"Scientists find 7.2-million-year-old pre-human remains in the Balkans". Phys.org. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

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Krijgsman, Wout; Garcés, Miguel; Langereis, Cor G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, Jordi; Cabrera, Lluis (August 1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4. Retrieved October 2, 2025.

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Spoor, Fred; Gunz, Philipp; Neubauer, Simon; Stelzer, Stefanie; Scott, Nadia; Kwekason, Amandus; Dean, M. Christopher (March 2015). "Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo". Nature. 519 (7541): 83–86. Bibcode:2015Natur.519...83S. doi:10.1038/nature14224. PMID 25739632. S2CID 4470282.

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"International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. December 2024. Retrieved October 23, 2025.
"GeoWhen Database – What Happened to the Tertiary?". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
"ICS: Consolidated Annual Report for 2006" (PDF). Stratigraphy.org. Retrieved 15 June 2007.

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"See the 2009 version of the ICS geologic time scale". Quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

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Clague, John et al. (2006) "Open Letter by INQUA Executive Committee" Archived 2006-09-23 at the Wayback Machine Quaternary Perspective, the INQUA Newsletter International Union for Quaternary Research 16(1)

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Pinson, Jerald (19 July 2021). "DNA duplication linked to the origin and evolution of pine trees and their relatives". Florida Museum.

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"GeoWhen Database – What Happened to the Tertiary?". Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
Clague, John et al. (2006) "Open Letter by INQUA Executive Committee" Archived 2006-09-23 at the Wayback Machine Quaternary Perspective, the INQUA Newsletter International Union for Quaternary Research 16(1)

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Gregory J., Retallack (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. eISSN 1938-5323. ISSN 0883-1351. JSTOR 3515337. Retrieved October 2, 2025.
"Neogene". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.

Neogene (English Wikipedia)

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