Neurosurgery (English Wikipedia)

"Ensuring an Adequate Neurosurgical Workforce for the 21st Century" (PDF). American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021. Neurosurgery is a small specialty, constituting only 0.5 percent of all physicians.
"How Neurosurgeons Treat Chronic Pain". www.aans.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-05-06.

newsletters.aans.org

"Neurosurgery in Canada: A Period of Transition toward Competency-by-design (CBD) for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada". AANS Young Neurosurgeons News. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

ama-assn.org (Global: 3,257^th place; English: 3,398^th place)

"Neurological Surgery Specialty Description". American Medical Association. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.

bbraun.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Madjid Samii Medal of Honor". www.bbraun.co.za. Retrieved 2025-03-09.

bemoacademicconsulting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to Match to Neurosurgery Residency". BeMo®. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Wickens, Andrew P. (2014-12-08). A History of the Brain: From Stone Age surgery to modern neuroscience. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-317-74482-5.
Desai, Tejal; Bhatia, Sangeeta N. (2007-05-26). BioMEMS and Biomedical Nanotechnology: Volume III: Therapeutic Micro/Nanotechnology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-387-25844-7.
Gillard, Arthur (2012-10-19). Traumatic Brain Injury (in Spanish). Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-7377-7312-5.

brown.edu (Global: 2,481^st place; English: 1,558^th place)

biomed.brown.edu

https://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/03/hist.htm^{[full citation needed]} Archived 2016-11-30 at the Wayback Machine ^{[dead link]}
"Neurosurgery". Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2016.

carms.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Program Descriptions - First Iteration". CaRMS. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

cbspd.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

CBSPD. "NEET PG Eligibility Criteria 2025, FMGE and Foreign Students". www.cbspd.com. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

cleveland.com (Global: 546^th place; English: 326^th place)

Segall, Grant; Dealer, The Plain (2010-09-16). "Dr. Robert J. White, famous neurosurgeron [sic] and ethicist, dies at 84". cleveland. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-05-24.

cns.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

M Giantini Larsen BS, Alexandra; Vishwas Karhade BE, Aditya; J Cote BS, David; R. Smith MD, Timothy (2016). Most Common Neurosurgical Procedures & Complications (Report). Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center. Archived from the original on 2022-07-03. Retrieved 2022-05-17.

collegedunia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"MCh Neurosurgery: Colleges, Syllabus, Admission, Scope, Stipend, Salary". collegedunia.com. 2013-10-03. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

diginerve.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Diginerve; Chadha, Anuj (2025-08-05). "FMGE Exam Eligibility : Full Criteria & Rules". Your Guide At Every Step to Become The Top Doctor. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

MacFarlane, Malcolm M. (2021). "When a Canadian is not a Canadian: marginalization of IMGs in the CaRMS match". Canadian Medical Education Journal. 12 (4): 132–140. doi:10.36834/cmej.71790. ISSN 1923-1202. PMC 8463232. PMID 34567315.
Preul, Mark C. (2005). "History of brain tumor surgery". Neurosurgical Focus. 18 (4): 1. doi:10.3171/foc.2005.18.4.1.
Kirkpatrick, Douglas B. (1984). "The first primary brain-tumor operation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 61 (5): 809–13. doi:10.3171/jns.1984.61.5.0809. PMID 6387062.
Andrushko, Valerie A.; Verano, John W. (September 2008). "Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137 (1): 4–13. Bibcode:2008AJPA..137....4A. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20836. PMID 18386793.
Al-Rodhan, N. R.; Fox, J. L. (1986-07-01). "Al-Zahrawi and Arabian neurosurgery, 936-1013 AD". Surgical Neurology. 26 (1): 92–95. doi:10.1016/0090-3019(86)90070-4. ISSN 0090-3019. PMID 3520907.
Zhang, Yuqi (2015-03-18). "HUA Tuo: The First Neurosurgeon in the World". Translational Neuroscience and Clinics. 1: 71–72. doi:10.18679/CN11-6030_R.2015.008. S2CID 207942533. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"Alexander Hughes Bennett (1848-1901): Rickman John Godlee (1849-1925)". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 24 (3): 169–170. 1974. doi:10.3322/canjclin.24.3.169. PMID 4210862. S2CID 45097428.
Miguel A, Faria (5 April 2013). ""Violence, mental illness, and the brain – A brief history of psychosurgery: Part 1 – From trephination to lobotomy"". Surgical Neurology International. 4: 49. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.110146. PMC 3640229. PMID 23646259.
Ponce FA, Lozano AM (February 2010). "Highly cited works in neurosurgery. Part I: the 100 top-cited papers in neurosurgical journals". Journal of Neurosurgery. 112 (2): 223–32. doi:10.3171/2009.12.JNS091599. PMID 20078192.
Esposito, Thomas J.; Reed, R. Lawrence; Gamelli, Richard L.; Luchette, Fred A. (2005-01-01). "Neurosurgical Coverage: Essential, Desired, or Irrelevant for Good Patient Care and Trauma Center Status". Transactions of the ... Meeting of the American Surgical Association. 123 (3): 67–76. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000179624.50455.db. ISSN 0066-0833. PMC 1357744. PMID 16135922.
Love, S. (April 2004). "Post mortem sampling of the brain and other tissues in neurodegenerative disease". Histopathology. 44 (4): 309–317. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01794.x. ISSN 0309-0167. PMID 15049895.
Filosto, Massimiliano; Tomelleri, Giuliano; Tonin, Paola; Scarpelli, Mauro; Vattemi, Gaetano; Rizzuto, Nicolò; Padovani, Alessandro; Simonati, Alessandro (2007). "Neuropathology of mitochondrial diseases". Bioscience Reports. 27 (1–3): 23–30. doi:10.1007/s10540-007-9034-3. PMID 17541738. S2CID 36830289.
van den Tweel, Jan G.; Taylor, Clive R. (2010). "A brief history of pathology". Virchows Archiv. 457 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1007/s00428-010-0934-4. PMC 2895866. PMID 20499087.
Chivukula, Srinivas; Grandhi, Ramesh; Friedlander, Robert M. (2014). "A brief history of early neuroanesthesia". Neurosurgical Focus. 36 (4): E2. doi:10.3171/2014.2.FOCUS13578. PMID 24684332.
Duan, Zhaoliang; Yuan, Zhi-Yong; Liao, Xiangyun; Si, Weixin; Zhao, Jianhui (2011). "3D Tracking and Positioning of Surgical Instruments in Virtual Surgery Simulation". Journal of Multimedia. 6 (6): 502–509. doi:10.4304/jmm.6.6.502-509.
Swift, James; Coon, William; Guger, Christoph; Brunner, Peter; Bunch, M; Lynch, T; Frawley, T; Ritaccio, Anthony; Schalk, Gerwin (2018). "Passive functional mapping of receptive language areas using electrocorticographic signals". Clinical Neurophysiology. 6 (12): 2517–2524. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.007. PMC 6414063. PMID 30342252.
Cutts, Steven (January 2007). "Cubital tunnel syndrome". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 83 (975): 28–31. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.047456. ISSN 0032-5473. PMC 2599973. PMID 17267675.
Galvin, Imelda M.; Levy, Ron; Day, Andrew G.; Gilron, Ian (November 21, 2019). "Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011931.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6867906. PMID 31747720.
Jiménez-Ponce, F.; García-Muñoz, L.; Carrillo-Ruiz, J. D. (2015-01-01). "The role of bioethics in the neurosurgical treatment of psychiatric disorders". Revista Médica del Hospital General de México. 78 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.hgmx.2015.04.001. ISSN 0185-1063. Archived from the original on 2024-06-02. Retrieved 2024-06-02.

eans.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sofia Ionescu-Ogrezeanu - Bio". www.eans.org.

elsevier.es (Global: 7,063^rd place; English: low place)

Jiménez-Ponce, F.; García-Muñoz, L.; Carrillo-Ruiz, J. D. (2015-01-01). "The role of bioethics in the neurosurgical treatment of psychiatric disorders". Revista Médica del Hospital General de México. 78 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.hgmx.2015.04.001. ISSN 0185-1063. Archived from the original on 2024-06-02. Retrieved 2024-06-02.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Andrushko, Valerie A.; Verano, John W. (September 2008). "Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137 (1): 4–13. Bibcode:2008AJPA..137....4A. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20836. PMID 18386793.

hopkinsmedicine.org (Global: 5,712^th place; English: 3,986^th place)

Kieffer, Sara (26 April 2022). "Awake Brain Surgery (Intraoperative Brain Mapping) | Imaging Services | Johns Hopkins Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Unit (IONM)". Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

health.economictimes.indiatimes.com

"Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla leads Dr Rao's Hospital in pioneering minimally invasive brain surgery with BrainPath system, a first in Guntur and India". ET HealthWorld. The Economic Times. 6 April 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2025.

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 959^th place)

"Lobotomy: Definition, Procedure & History". Live Science. Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2018-06-28.

mcc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Eligibility and application | Medical Council of Canada". mcc.ca. 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2025-10-26.
"CaRMS and MCC exams | Medical Council of Canada". mcc.ca. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

mcgill.ca (Global: 2,527^th place; English: 1,840^th place)

"Neurosurgery — Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery". McGill University. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

medicalexpo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Neurosurgery surgical power tool - All medical device manufacturers - Videos". Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2016-02-11.

natboard.edu.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

"NEET SS NBEMS". natboard.edu.in. Archived from the original on 2025-10-08. Retrieved 2025-10-26.
"NEET PG NBEMS". natboard.edu.in. Archived from the original on 2025-10-08. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

neuropathology-web.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dementia". neuropathology-web.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2016-02-12.

neurosurgery.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery". Archived from the original on 2017-01-06. Retrieved 2016-02-11.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

MacFarlane, Malcolm M. (2021). "When a Canadian is not a Canadian: marginalization of IMGs in the CaRMS match". Canadian Medical Education Journal. 12 (4): 132–140. doi:10.36834/cmej.71790. ISSN 1923-1202. PMC 8463232. PMID 34567315.
Kirkpatrick, Douglas B. (1984). "The first primary brain-tumor operation". Journal of Neurosurgery. 61 (5): 809–13. doi:10.3171/jns.1984.61.5.0809. PMID 6387062.
Andrushko, Valerie A.; Verano, John W. (September 2008). "Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137 (1): 4–13. Bibcode:2008AJPA..137....4A. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20836. PMID 18386793.
Al-Rodhan, N. R.; Fox, J. L. (1986-07-01). "Al-Zahrawi and Arabian neurosurgery, 936-1013 AD". Surgical Neurology. 26 (1): 92–95. doi:10.1016/0090-3019(86)90070-4. ISSN 0090-3019. PMID 3520907.
"Alexander Hughes Bennett (1848-1901): Rickman John Godlee (1849-1925)". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 24 (3): 169–170. 1974. doi:10.3322/canjclin.24.3.169. PMID 4210862. S2CID 45097428.
Miguel A, Faria (5 April 2013). ""Violence, mental illness, and the brain – A brief history of psychosurgery: Part 1 – From trephination to lobotomy"". Surgical Neurology International. 4: 49. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.110146. PMC 3640229. PMID 23646259.
C.Marzullo, Timothy (Spring 2017). ""The Missing Manuscript of Dr. Jose Delgado's Radio Controlled Bulls"". Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education. 15 (2): R29 – R35. PMC 5480854. PMID 28690447.
Ponce FA, Lozano AM (February 2010). "Highly cited works in neurosurgery. Part I: the 100 top-cited papers in neurosurgical journals". Journal of Neurosurgery. 112 (2): 223–32. doi:10.3171/2009.12.JNS091599. PMID 20078192.
Esposito, Thomas J.; Reed, R. Lawrence; Gamelli, Richard L.; Luchette, Fred A. (2005-01-01). "Neurosurgical Coverage: Essential, Desired, or Irrelevant for Good Patient Care and Trauma Center Status". Transactions of the ... Meeting of the American Surgical Association. 123 (3): 67–76. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000179624.50455.db. ISSN 0066-0833. PMC 1357744. PMID 16135922.
Love, S. (April 2004). "Post mortem sampling of the brain and other tissues in neurodegenerative disease". Histopathology. 44 (4): 309–317. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01794.x. ISSN 0309-0167. PMID 15049895.
Filosto, Massimiliano; Tomelleri, Giuliano; Tonin, Paola; Scarpelli, Mauro; Vattemi, Gaetano; Rizzuto, Nicolò; Padovani, Alessandro; Simonati, Alessandro (2007). "Neuropathology of mitochondrial diseases". Bioscience Reports. 27 (1–3): 23–30. doi:10.1007/s10540-007-9034-3. PMID 17541738. S2CID 36830289.
van den Tweel, Jan G.; Taylor, Clive R. (2010). "A brief history of pathology". Virchows Archiv. 457 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1007/s00428-010-0934-4. PMC 2895866. PMID 20499087.
Chivukula, Srinivas; Grandhi, Ramesh; Friedlander, Robert M. (2014). "A brief history of early neuroanesthesia". Neurosurgical Focus. 36 (4): E2. doi:10.3171/2014.2.FOCUS13578. PMID 24684332.
Swift, James; Coon, William; Guger, Christoph; Brunner, Peter; Bunch, M; Lynch, T; Frawley, T; Ritaccio, Anthony; Schalk, Gerwin (2018). "Passive functional mapping of receptive language areas using electrocorticographic signals". Clinical Neurophysiology. 6 (12): 2517–2524. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.007. PMC 6414063. PMID 30342252.
Cutts, Steven (January 2007). "Cubital tunnel syndrome". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 83 (975): 28–31. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.047456. ISSN 0032-5473. PMC 2599973. PMID 17267675.
Galvin, Imelda M.; Levy, Ron; Day, Andrew G.; Gilron, Ian (November 21, 2019). "Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011931.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6867906. PMID 31747720.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

MacFarlane, Malcolm M. (2021). "When a Canadian is not a Canadian: marginalization of IMGs in the CaRMS match". Canadian Medical Education Journal. 12 (4): 132–140. doi:10.36834/cmej.71790. ISSN 1923-1202. PMC 8463232. PMID 34567315.
Miguel A, Faria (5 April 2013). ""Violence, mental illness, and the brain – A brief history of psychosurgery: Part 1 – From trephination to lobotomy"". Surgical Neurology International. 4: 49. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.110146. PMC 3640229. PMID 23646259.
C.Marzullo, Timothy (Spring 2017). ""The Missing Manuscript of Dr. Jose Delgado's Radio Controlled Bulls"". Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education. 15 (2): R29 – R35. PMC 5480854. PMID 28690447.
Esposito, Thomas J.; Reed, R. Lawrence; Gamelli, Richard L.; Luchette, Fred A. (2005-01-01). "Neurosurgical Coverage: Essential, Desired, or Irrelevant for Good Patient Care and Trauma Center Status". Transactions of the ... Meeting of the American Surgical Association. 123 (3): 67–76. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000179624.50455.db. ISSN 0066-0833. PMC 1357744. PMID 16135922.
van den Tweel, Jan G.; Taylor, Clive R. (2010). "A brief history of pathology". Virchows Archiv. 457 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1007/s00428-010-0934-4. PMC 2895866. PMID 20499087.
Swift, James; Coon, William; Guger, Christoph; Brunner, Peter; Bunch, M; Lynch, T; Frawley, T; Ritaccio, Anthony; Schalk, Gerwin (2018). "Passive functional mapping of receptive language areas using electrocorticographic signals". Clinical Neurophysiology. 6 (12): 2517–2524. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.007. PMC 6414063. PMID 30342252.
Cutts, Steven (January 2007). "Cubital tunnel syndrome". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 83 (975): 28–31. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.047456. ISSN 0032-5473. PMC 2599973. PMID 17267675.
Galvin, Imelda M.; Levy, Ron; Day, Andrew G.; Gilron, Ian (November 21, 2019). "Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2019 (11). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011931.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6867906. PMID 31747720.

pitt.edu (Global: 1,476^th place; English: 1,056^th place)

neurosurgery.pitt.edu

"Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) | Neurological Surgery | University of Pittsburgh". www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu. Retrieved 2025-11-10.

psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

news.psu.edu

"Technology increases precision, safety during neurosurgery | Penn State University". Archived from the original on 2013-09-04. Retrieved 2016-02-11.

qz.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 695^th place)

Mims, Christopher (July 2013). "First-ever human head transplant is now possible, says neuroscientist". Quartz. Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2021-05-24.

rochester.edu (Global: 2,691^st place; English: 1,948^th place)

urmc.rochester.edu

"Laminectomy - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center". www.urmc.rochester.edu. Retrieved 2021-05-06.

royalcollege.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Specialty Training Requirements in Neurosurgery". Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

sagepub.com (Global: 731^st place; English: 638^th place)

journals.sagepub.com

Zhang, Yuqi (2015-03-18). "HUA Tuo: The First Neurosurgeon in the World". Translational Neuroscience and Clinics. 1: 71–72. doi:10.18679/CN11-6030_R.2015.008. S2CID 207942533. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2021-03-31.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zhang, Yuqi (2015-03-18). "HUA Tuo: The First Neurosurgeon in the World". Translational Neuroscience and Clinics. 1: 71–72. doi:10.18679/CN11-6030_R.2015.008. S2CID 207942533. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"Alexander Hughes Bennett (1848-1901): Rickman John Godlee (1849-1925)". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 24 (3): 169–170. 1974. doi:10.3322/canjclin.24.3.169. PMID 4210862. S2CID 45097428.
Filosto, Massimiliano; Tomelleri, Giuliano; Tonin, Paola; Scarpelli, Mauro; Vattemi, Gaetano; Rizzuto, Nicolò; Padovani, Alessandro; Simonati, Alessandro (2007). "Neuropathology of mitochondrial diseases". Bioscience Reports. 27 (1–3): 23–30. doi:10.1007/s10540-007-9034-3. PMID 17541738. S2CID 36830289.

stealthsurgical.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Neurosurgical Instruments,Neurosurgery Instrument, Neurosurgeon, Surgical Tools". Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2016-02-11.

study.com (Global: 5,807^th place; English: 4,109^th place)

"Brain Surgeon: Job Description, Salary, Duties and Requirements". Science. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.

thehindu.com (Global: 52^nd place; English: 35^th place)

"Guntur doctors perform minimally invasive surgery using BrainPath technology". The Hindu. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2025.

thejns.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Robotics in Neurosurgery". Neurosurgical Focus. 42 (5). 1 May 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.

uakron.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Surgery". Archived from the original on 2021-11-13. Retrieved 2016-02-11.

ucalgary.ca (Global: 3,395^th place; English: 2,576^th place)

cumming.ucalgary.ca

"DCNS | Residency Neurosurgery Program | Cumming School of Medicine | University of Calgary". cumming.ucalgary.ca. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

uclahealth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Minimally Invasive Surgery Program - Pituitary & Skull Base Tumor | UCLA Health". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2025-11-10.

vanderbilt.edu (Global: 3,332^nd place; English: 1,981^st place)

mc.vanderbilt.edu

"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology". Archived from the original on 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2016-02-12.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Neurological Surgery Specialty Description". American Medical Association. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
"Brain Surgeon: Job Description, Salary, Duties and Requirements". Science. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
"NEET SS NBEMS". natboard.edu.in. Archived from the original on 2025-10-08. Retrieved 2025-10-26.
"NEET PG NBEMS". natboard.edu.in. Archived from the original on 2025-10-08. Retrieved 2025-10-26.
"Ensuring an Adequate Neurosurgical Workforce for the 21st Century" (PDF). American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021. Neurosurgery is a small specialty, constituting only 0.5 percent of all physicians.
Zhang, Yuqi (2015-03-18). "HUA Tuo: The First Neurosurgeon in the World". Translational Neuroscience and Clinics. 1: 71–72. doi:10.18679/CN11-6030_R.2015.008. S2CID 207942533. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"Surgery". Archived from the original on 2021-11-13. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
"Cyber Museum of Neurosurgery". Archived from the original on 2017-01-06. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
"Lobotomy: Definition, Procedure & History". Live Science. Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
Nouri, Aria (20 October 2011). ""A brief history of lobotomy"". aaas.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
https://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/03/hist.htm^{[full citation needed]} Archived 2016-11-30 at the Wayback Machine ^{[dead link]}
"Neurosurgery surgical power tool - All medical device manufacturers - Videos". Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
"Neurosurgical Instruments,Neurosurgery Instrument, Neurosurgeon, Surgical Tools". Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
"Technology increases precision, safety during neurosurgery | Penn State University". Archived from the original on 2013-09-04. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
"Robotics in Neurosurgery". Neurosurgical Focus. 42 (5). 1 May 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
"About the Foundation | World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies". Archived from the original on 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
"Journal: World Neurosurgery". WFNS. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
"World Neurosurgery, Home page". Elsevier. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
M Giantini Larsen BS, Alexandra; Vishwas Karhade BE, Aditya; J Cote BS, David; R. Smith MD, Timothy (2016). Most Common Neurosurgical Procedures & Complications (Report). Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center. Archived from the original on 2022-07-03. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology". Archived from the original on 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
"Dementia". neuropathology-web.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
Kieffer, Sara (26 April 2022). "Awake Brain Surgery (Intraoperative Brain Mapping) | Imaging Services | Johns Hopkins Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Unit (IONM)". Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
"Neurosurgery". Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
"Neuroradiology Patients & Families: Washington University Radiologist". Archived from the original on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
"How Neurosurgeons Treat Chronic Pain". www.aans.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
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