Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution" in English language version.

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  • Frederic Jesup Stimson, The Law of the Federal and State Constitutions of the United States; Book One, Origin and Growth of the American Constitutions, 2004, Introductory, Lawbook Exchange Ltd, ISBN 1-58477-369-3. According to Stimson:

    It was at first believed by our greatest judges and jurists that the whole English Constitution was implied in the Federal Constitution; that there is, as it were, an unwritten Constitution which we inherited in America and which consisted, not only of the English Constitution where not expressly altered by our own but of all matters of natural right and justice. Doubtless, this is the intended meaning of the Ninth Amendment ... Such is not, perhaps, the modern view; but the question has become, in fact, academic, for the reason that in 120 years of interpretation our Supreme Court has ever found some clause in the Federal Constitution into which to read any English constitutional principle not therein expressly altered.

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  • Charles Lund Black, A New Birth of Freedom, 1999, p. 10, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-07734-3. According to Black, "The Academic writing on this amendment seems to me in great part a multidirectional fluttering flight from the Amendment's rather plain meaning".

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  • Barnett, Randy (2006). "The Ninth Amendment: It Means What It Says". Texas Law Review. 85 (1): 1–82.
  • Randy E. Barnett (November 2006). "The Ninth Amendment: It Means What It Says". Texas Law Review. 85 (1). UT Law School Publications: 1–82. Retrieved 2013-07-20.

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  • James Madison, Letter to Thomas Jefferson (October 17, 1788). Madison often expressed this idea, for example in a letter to George Washington dated December 5, 1789 ("If a line can be drawn between the powers granted and the rights retained, it would seem to be the same thing, whether the latter be secured by declaring that they shall not be abridged, or that the former shall not be extended").

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  • Lash, Kurt (2004). "The Lost Original Meaning of the Ninth Amendment". Texas Law Review. 83 (2): 331–429. SSRN 613621.

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  • Thomas B. McAffee, The Original Meaning of the Ninth Amendment, 90 Colum. L. Rev. 1215, 1245 (1990).

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