Nirvana (Buddhism) (English Wikipedia)

See, for instance, the "Snake-Simile Discourse" (MN 22), where the Buddha states:
"Monks, this Teaching so well proclaimed by me, is plain, open, explicit, free of patchwork. In this Teaching that is so well proclaimed by me and is plain, open, explicit and free of patchwork; for those who are arahants, free of taints, who have accomplished and completed their task, have laid down the burden, achieved their aim, severed the fetters binding to existence, who are liberated by full knowledge, there is no (future) round of existence that can be ascribed to them. – Majjhima Nikaya i.130 ¶ 42, Translated by Nyanaponika Thera (Nyanaponika, 2006)
See for example: "Jhana Sutta: Mental Absorption". Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 1997 – via accesstoinsight.org.
See Dh. 277, and "Maggavagga: The Path". Translated by Acharya Buddharakkhita. 1996 – via accesstoinsight.org. In the Paramattha-mañjūsā (the Visuddhimagga commentary), vv. 9-10, it adds the following caveat regarding this option of "insight alone": "The words 'insight alone' are meant to exclude, not virtue, etc., but serenity (i.e., jhana), [...] [as typically reflected] in the pair, serenity and insight [...] The word 'alone' actually excludes only that concentration with distinction [of jhanic absorption]; for concentration is classed as both access [or momentary] and absorption [...] Taking this stanza as the teaching for one whose vehicle is insight does not imply that there is no concentration; for no insight comes about with momentary concentration. And again, insight should be understood as the three contemplations of impermanence, pain and not-self [see tilakkhana]; not contemplation of impermanence alone".^[115]
"Anathapindikovada Sutta: Instructions to Anathapindika". Translated by Acharya Buddharakkhita. 2003 – via accesstoinsight.org. Verse 262 of this sutta is translated as: "Action, clear-knowing, & mental qualities, virtue, the highest [way of] life: through this are mortals purified, not through clan or wealth.
"Maha-satipatthana Sutta: The Great Frames of Reference". Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 2000 – via accesstoinsight.org. Verse 290 of this sutta is translated as: "The Blessed One said this: "This is the direct path for the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow & lamentation, for the disappearance of pain & distress, for the attainment of the right method, & for the realization of Unbinding—in other words, the four frames of reference.""
Yamaka Sutta, SN 22.85.
Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta: To Vacchagotta on Fire, by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
"Adittapariyaya Sutta: The Fire Sermon". Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 1993 – via accesstoinsight.org.
"Bhikkhuvagga: The Monk. "Verse 372"". Translated by Acharya Buddharakkhita. 1996 – via accesstoinsight.org.
"Brahma-nimantanika Sutta: The Brahma Invitation, "Translator's Introduction"". Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 2007 – via accesstoinsight.org.
"Kevatta (Kevaddha) Sutta: To Kevatta". Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 1997 – via accesstoinsight.org.
"Pabhassara Sutta: Luminous". Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. 1995 – via accesstoinsight.org.

ahandfulofleaves.org

Mackenzie 2007, pp. 100–105, 110. Mackenzie, Rory (2007), New Buddhist Movements in Thailand: Towards an Understanding of Wat Phra Dhammakaya and Santi Asoke (PDF), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-13262-1, archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2015
Mackenzie 2007, p. 51. Mackenzie, Rory (2007), New Buddhist Movements in Thailand: Towards an Understanding of Wat Phra Dhammakaya and Santi Asoke (PDF), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-13262-1, archived from the original (PDF) on March 16, 2015

archive.org

Lindtner 1997. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, pp. 112–113, 118–119. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, pp. 131–132, 110–112, 122–123. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, p. 129. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Martin Southwold (1983). Buddhism in Life: The Anthropological Study of Religion and the Sinhalese Practice of Buddhism. Manchester University Press. pp. 209–210. ISBN 978-0-7190-0971-6.

berkeley.edu

buddhiststudies.berkeley.edu

Sharf 1995. Sharf, Robert H. (1995), "Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience" (PDF), NUMEN, 42 (3): 228–283, doi:10.1163/1568527952598549, hdl:2027.42/43810, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-12, retrieved 2014-12-18
Sharf 2000. Sharf, Robert H. (2000), "The Rhetoric of Experience and the Study of Religion." (PDF), Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7 (11–12): 267–87, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-13, retrieved 2014-12-18

books.google.com

Gethin footnote: On the notion of 'skill in means' see Michael Pye, Skilful Means (London, 1978); Williams (2008), pp. 143–150. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Chad Meister (2009). Introducing Philosophy of Religion. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-134-14179-1. Buddhism: the soteriological goal is nirvana, liberation from the wheel of samsara and extinction of all desires, cravings and suffering.
Collins 1998, p. 191. Collins, Steven (1998). Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57054-1.
Buswell & Lopez 2013, pp. 589–590. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Keown 2004, pp. 194–195. Keown, Damien (2004). A Dictionary of Buddhism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-157917-2.
Buswell & Lopez 2013, Kindle loc. 44535. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Collins 1990, pp. 82–84. Collins, Steven (1990). Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39726-1.
Genjun Sasaki (1986). Linguistic Approach to Buddhist Thought. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-81-208-0038-0.
Hamilton 2000, pp. 18–21. Hamilton, Sue (2000). Early Buddhism: A New Approach: The I of the Beholder. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1280-9.
[a] Mun-Keat Choong (1999). The Notion of Emptiness in Early Buddhism. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 1–4, 85–88. ISBN 978-81-208-1649-7.;
[b] Ray Billington (2002). Understanding Eastern Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 58–60. ISBN 978-1-134-79348-8.;
[c] David Loy (2009). Awareness Bound and Unbound: Buddhist Essays. State University of New York Press. pp. 35–39. ISBN 978-1-4384-2680-8.
Buswell & Lopez 2013, p. 590. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Collins 2010, p. 64. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Max Müller (2011). Theosophy Or Psychological Religion. Cambridge University Press. pp. 307–310. ISBN 978-1-108-07326-4.
Collins 1998, pp. 137–138. Collins, Steven (1998). Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57054-1.
Buswell & Lopez 2013, p. 547. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Vetter 1988, pp. 63-65 with footnotes. Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, Brill Academic, ISBN 90-04-08959-4
Vetter 1988, pp. 68–69. Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, Brill Academic, ISBN 90-04-08959-4
Trainor 2004, pp. 80–81. Trainor, Kevin (2004). Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195173987.
Collins 2010, p. 45. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Collins 2010, p. 38. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Hamilton 2000, p. 58. Hamilton, Sue (2000). Early Buddhism: A New Approach: The I of the Beholder. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1280-9.
Vetter 1988, p. ^{[page needed]}. Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, Brill Academic, ISBN 90-04-08959-4
Collins 2010, p. 46. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Dundas 2002, pp. 90–92. Dundas, Paul (2002). The Jains. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415266062.
Collins 1990, pp. 206–208. Collins, Steven (1990). Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39726-1.
Collins 2010, p. 41. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Hamilton-Blyth 2013, pp. 19–28. Hamilton-Blyth, Sue (2013). Early Buddhism: A New Approach: The I of the Beholder. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-84293-1.
[a] Christmas Humphreys (2012). Exploring Buddhism. Routledge. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-1-136-22877-3.
[b] Brian Morris (2006). Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-85241-8., Quote: "(...) anatta is the doctrine of non-self, and is an extreme empiricist doctrine that holds that the notion of an unchanging permanent self is a fiction and has no reality. According to Buddhist doctrine, the individual person consists of five skandhas or heaps - the body, feelings, perceptions, impulses and consciousness. The belief in a self or soul, over these five skandhas, is illusory and the cause of suffering."
[c] Richard Gombrich (2006). Theravada Buddhism. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-134-90352-8., Quote: "(...) Buddha's teaching that beings have no soul, no abiding essence. This 'no-soul doctrine' (anatta-vada) he expounded in his second sermon."
Merv Fowler (1999). Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-1-898723-66-0.
Collins 2010, p. 63. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Collins 2010, p. 82. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Collins 2010, p. 65. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Collins 2010, p. 66. Collins, Steven (2010), Nirvana: Concept, Imagery, Narrative, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-88198-2
Buswell & Lopez 2013, p. 65. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Buswell & Lopez 2013, pp. 37–38, 62, 850, 854. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Buswell & Lopez 2013, pp. 37–38, 62, 65. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Williams 2008, pp. 125–127. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Williams 2008, p. 126. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Williams 2008, pp. 59–60. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Buswell & Lopez 2013, "apratiṣṭhitanirvāṇa. Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University, ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8
Harvey 2012, p. 137. Harvey, Peter (2012). An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85942-4.
Jan Nattier (2007). The Bodhisattva Path: Based on the Ugraparipṛcchā, a Mahāyāna Sūtra. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-81-208-2048-7.
Ray, Reginald (2001). Secret of the Vajra World: The Tantric Buddhism of Tibet. Shambhala. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-57062-772-9.
Williams 2008, p. 104. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Williams 2008, p. 107. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Williams 2008, pp. 104–105, 108. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Merv Fowler (1999). Buddhism: Beliefs and Practices. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-1-898723-66-0., Quote: "Some texts of the tathagatagarbha literature, such as the Mahaparinirvana Sutra actually refer to an atman, though other texts are careful to avoid the term. This would be in direct opposition to the general teachings of Buddhism on anatta. Indeed, the distinctions between the general Indian concept of atman and the popular Buddhist concept of Buddha-nature are often blurred to the point that writers consider them to be synonymous."
William Edward Soothill; Lewis Hodous, eds. (18 December 2003). A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms. Routledge. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-135-79123-0.

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Lindtner 1997, pp. 112–113, 118–119. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, pp. 131–132, 110–112, 122–123. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, p. 129. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744

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Maha Boowa 2005, p. 99. Maha Boowa (2005). Arahattamagga, Arahattaphala: the Path to Arahantship – A Compilation of Venerable Acariya Maha Boowa's Dhamma Talks about His Path of Practice (PDF). Translated by Bhikkhu Silaratano. Thailand: Silpa Siam Packaging & Printing Co. ISBN 974-93100-1-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 16 March 2009.

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Sharf 1995. Sharf, Robert H. (1995), "Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience" (PDF), NUMEN, 42 (3): 228–283, doi:10.1163/1568527952598549, hdl:2027.42/43810, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-12, retrieved 2014-12-18

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Gethin footnote: On the notion of 'skill in means' see Michael Pye, Skilful Means (London, 1978); Williams (2008), pp. 143–150. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Williams 2008, pp. 125–127. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
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Williams 2008, pp. 59–60. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
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Lindtner 1997, pp. 112–113, 118–119. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, pp. 131–132, 110–112, 122–123. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744
Lindtner 1997, p. 129. Lindtner, Christian (1997), "The Problem of Precanonical Buddhism", Buddhist Studies Review, 14 (2): 109–139, doi:10.1558/bsrv.v14i2.14851, S2CID 247883744

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Gethin footnote: On the notion of 'skill in means' see Michael Pye, Skilful Means (London, 1978); Williams (2008), pp. 143–150. Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29, retrieved 2016-11-09 Via Google Books.
Sharf 1995. Sharf, Robert H. (1995), "Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience" (PDF), NUMEN, 42 (3): 228–283, doi:10.1163/1568527952598549, hdl:2027.42/43810, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-12, retrieved 2014-12-18
Sharf 2000. Sharf, Robert H. (2000), "The Rhetoric of Experience and the Study of Religion." (PDF), Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7 (11–12): 267–87, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-13, retrieved 2014-12-18
Gethin, Rupert (1997). "A Review of The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvāṇa in Early Buddhism". Journal of Buddhist Ethics. 4. ISSN 1076-9005. Archived from the original on June 16, 2010.
Maha Boowa 2005, pp. 101–103. Maha Boowa (2005). Arahattamagga, Arahattaphala: the Path to Arahantship – A Compilation of Venerable Acariya Maha Boowa's Dhamma Talks about His Path of Practice (PDF). Translated by Bhikkhu Silaratano. Thailand: Silpa Siam Packaging & Printing Co. ISBN 974-93100-1-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
Maha Boowa 2005, p. 99. Maha Boowa (2005). Arahattamagga, Arahattaphala: the Path to Arahantship – A Compilation of Venerable Acariya Maha Boowa's Dhamma Talks about His Path of Practice (PDF). Translated by Bhikkhu Silaratano. Thailand: Silpa Siam Packaging & Printing Co. ISBN 974-93100-1-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 16 March 2009.
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