Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer [Chemical treatise on air and fire] (Upsala, Sweden: Magnus Swederus, 1777; and Leipzig, (Germany): Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius, 1777). In the section titled "Die Luft muß aus elastischen Flüßigkeiten von zweyerley Art, zusammengesetzet seyn." (The air must be composed of elastic fluids of two sorts), pp. 6–14, Scheele presents the results of eight experiments in which air was reacted with various substances. He concluded (p. 13): "So viel sehe ich aus angeführten Versuchen, daß die Luft aus 2 von einander unterschiedenen Flußigkeiten bestehe, von welchen die eine die Eigenschaft das Phlogiston anzuziehen gar nicht äussere, die andere aber zur solchen Attraction eigentlich aufgeleget ist und welche zwischen dem 3:ten und 4:ten Theil von der ganzen Luftmasse aus machet." (So I see [this] much from the experiments [that were] conducted: that the air consists of two fluids [that] differ from one another, of which the one doesn't express at all the property of attracting phlogiston; the other, however, is capable of such attraction and which makes up between 1/3 and 1/4 part of the entire mass of the air.)
Chaptal, J. A. and Nicholson, William trans. (1800) Elements of Chemistry, 3rd ed. London, England: C.C. and J. Robinson, vol. 1. pp. xxxv–xxxvi: "In order to correct the Nomenclature on this head [i.e., in this regard], nothing more is necessary than to substitute to [i.e., for] this word a denomination which is derived from the general system made use of; and I have presumed to propose that of Nitrogene Gas. In the first place, it is deduced from the characteristic and exclusive property of this gas, which forms the radical of the nitric acid. By this means we shall preserve to the combinations [i.e., compounds] of this substance the received [i.e., prevailing] denominations, such as those of the Nitric Acid, Nitrates, Nitrites, &c."
Lavoisier, Antoine with Robert Kerr, trans., Elements of Chemistry, 4th ed. (Edinburgh, Scotland: William Creech, 1799), pp. 85–86. [p. 85:] Archived 2020-08-06 at the Wayback Machine "In reflecting upon the circumstances of this experiment, we readily perceive; that the mercury, during its calcination [i.e., roasting in air], absorbs the salubrious and respirable part of the air, or, to speak more strictly, the base of this respirable part; that the remaining air is a species of mephitis [i.e., a poisonous gas emitted from the earth], incapable of supporting combustion or respiration; ... " [p. 86:] Archived 2020-08-06 at the Wayback Machine "I shall afterwards shew, that at least in our climate, the atmospheric air is composed of respirable and mephitic airs, in the proportion of 27 and 73; ... "
Lavoisier, Antoine with Robert Kerr, trans., Elements of Chemistry, 4th ed. (Edinburgh, Scotland: William Creech, 1799), p. 101: "The chemical properties of the noxious portion of the atmospheric air being hitherto but little known, we have been satisfied to derive the name of its base from its known quality of killing such animals as are forced to breathe it, giving it the name of azot, from the Greek privitive particle α and ξωη, vita; hence the name of the noxious part of atmospheric air is azotic gas."
McKinnon, William B.; Kirk, Randolph L. (2014). "Triton". In Spohn, Tilman; Breuer, Doris; Johnson, Torrence (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Solar System (3rd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier. pp. 861–82. ISBN978-0-12-416034-7. Archived from the original on 2016-09-03. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
Levey, Christopher G. "Liquid Nitrogen Safety". Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH2N4 (two atoms N(0)) is given in Henry, Ronald A.; Finnegan, William G. (1954). "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (1): 290–291. Bibcode:1954JAChS..76..290H. doi:10.1021/ja01630a086. ISSN0002-7863.
Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, Mark A.; Galloway, James; Klimont, Zbigniew; Winiwarter, Wilfried (2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". Nature Geoscience. 1 (10): 636. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..636E. doi:10.1038/ngeo325. S2CID94880859.
Roy, A. K.; Burns, G. T.; Grigora, S.; Lie, G. C. (1994). "Poly(alkyl/aryloxothiazenes), [N=S(O)R]n : New direction in inorganic polymers". In Wisian-Neilson, P.; Alcock, H. R.; Wynne, K. J. (eds.). Inorganic and organometallic polymers II: advanced materials and intermediates. American Chemical Society. pp. 344–357. doi:10.1021/bk-1994-0572.ch026.
Schuch, A. F.; Mills, R. L. (1970). "Crystal Structures of the Three Modifications of Nitrogen 14 and Nitrogen 15 at High Pressure". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 52 (12): 6000–08. Bibcode:1970JChPh..52.6000S. doi:10.1063/1.1672899.
Iancu, C. V.; Wright, E. R.; Heymann, J. B.; Jensen, G. J. (2006). "A comparison of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium as cryogens for electron cryotomography". Journal of Structural Biology. 153 (3): 231–40. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2005.12.004. PMID16427786.
Fryzuk, M. D. & Johnson, S. A. (2000). "The continuing story of dinitrogen activation". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 200–202: 379. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)00264-2.
Vieira, R.; C. Pham-Huu; N. Keller; M. J. Ledoux (2002). "New carbon nanofiber/graphite felt composite for use as a catalyst for hydrazine catalytic decomposition". Chemical Communications (9): 954–55. doi:10.1039/b202032g. PMID12123065.
Rahm, Martin; Dvinskikh, Sergey V.; Furó, István; Brinck, Tore (23 December 2010). "Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (5): 1145–48. doi:10.1002/anie.201007047. PMID21268214. S2CID32952729.
Hou, Y. C.; Janczuk, A.; Wang, P. G. (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 5 (6): 417–41. doi:10.2174/138161280506230110111042. PMID10390607.
Talawar, M. B.; et al. (2005). "Establishment of Process Technology for the Manufacture of Dinitrogen Pentoxide and its Utility for the Synthesis of Most Powerful Explosive of Today – CL-20". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 124 (1–3): 153–64. Bibcode:2005JHzM..124..153T. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.021. PMID15979786.
Nielsen, M. K.; Jørgensen, B. M. (Jun 2004). "Quantitative relationship between trimethylamine oxide aldolase activity and formaldehyde accumulation in white muscle from gadiform fish during frozen storage". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (12): 3814–22. Bibcode:2004JAFC...52.3814N. doi:10.1021/jf035169l. PMID15186102.
Reich, Murray; Kapenekas, Harry (1957). "Nitrogen Purfication. Pilot Plant Removal of Oxygen". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 49 (5): 869–73. doi:10.1021/ie50569a032.
Bartlett, J. K. (1967). "Analysis for nitrite by evolution of nitrogen: A general chemistry laboratory experiment". Journal of Chemical Education. 44 (8): 475. Bibcode:1967JChEd..44..475B. doi:10.1021/ed044p475.
Mahieu, B.; Apers, D.J.; Capron, P.C. (1971). "Thermal decomposition of ammonium dichromate". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 33 (9). Elsevier BV: 2857–2866. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(71)80047-7. ISSN0022-1902.
Eremets, M. I.; Popov, M. Y.; Trojan, I. A.; Denisov, V. N.; Boehler, R.; Hemley, R. J. (2004). "Polymerization of nitrogen in sodium azide". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 120 (22): 10618–23. Bibcode:2004JChPh.12010618E. doi:10.1063/1.1718250. PMID15268087.
Kemmochi, Y; Tsutsumi, K.; Arikawa, A.; Nakazawa, H. (2002). "Centrifugal concentrator for the substitution of nitrogen blow-down micro-concentration in dioxin/polychlorinated biphenyl sample preparation". Journal of Chromatography A. 943 (2): 295–97. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01466-2. PMID11833649.
Kaganer, M. G.; Kozheurov, V. & Levina, Zh. L. (1967). "Vessels for the storage and transport of liquid oxygen and nitrogen". Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 3 (12): 918–22. Bibcode:1967CPE.....3..918K. doi:10.1007/BF01136404. S2CID96762552.
Ahmed I; Agarwal S; Ilchyshyn A; Charles-Holmes S; Berth-Jones J (May 2001). "Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo-spray vs. cotton wool bud". Br. J. Dermatol. 144 (5): 1006–09. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04190.x. PMID11359389. S2CID221325640.
engineeringtoolbox.com
"Gases - Density". The Engineering Toolbox. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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GB 190200698, Ostwald, Wilhelm, "Improvements in the Manufacture of Nitric Acid and Nitrogen Oxides", published 1902-03-20
GB 190208300, Ostwald, Wilhelm, "Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Nitric Acid and Oxides of Nitrogen", published 1903-02-26
Kennett, Andrew J. (2008). Design of a pneumatically assisted shifting system for Formula SAE racing applications (Thesis). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/45820.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH2N4 (two atoms N(0)) is given in Henry, Ronald A.; Finnegan, William G. (1954). "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (1): 290–291. Bibcode:1954JAChS..76..290H. doi:10.1021/ja01630a086. ISSN0002-7863.
Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, Mark A.; Galloway, James; Klimont, Zbigniew; Winiwarter, Wilfried (2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". Nature Geoscience. 1 (10): 636. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..636E. doi:10.1038/ngeo325. S2CID94880859.
Schuch, A. F.; Mills, R. L. (1970). "Crystal Structures of the Three Modifications of Nitrogen 14 and Nitrogen 15 at High Pressure". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 52 (12): 6000–08. Bibcode:1970JChPh..52.6000S. doi:10.1063/1.1672899.
Talawar, M. B.; et al. (2005). "Establishment of Process Technology for the Manufacture of Dinitrogen Pentoxide and its Utility for the Synthesis of Most Powerful Explosive of Today – CL-20". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 124 (1–3): 153–64. Bibcode:2005JHzM..124..153T. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.021. PMID15979786.
Nielsen, M. K.; Jørgensen, B. M. (Jun 2004). "Quantitative relationship between trimethylamine oxide aldolase activity and formaldehyde accumulation in white muscle from gadiform fish during frozen storage". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (12): 3814–22. Bibcode:2004JAFC...52.3814N. doi:10.1021/jf035169l. PMID15186102.
Bartlett, J. K. (1967). "Analysis for nitrite by evolution of nitrogen: A general chemistry laboratory experiment". Journal of Chemical Education. 44 (8): 475. Bibcode:1967JChEd..44..475B. doi:10.1021/ed044p475.
Eremets, M. I.; Popov, M. Y.; Trojan, I. A.; Denisov, V. N.; Boehler, R.; Hemley, R. J. (2004). "Polymerization of nitrogen in sodium azide". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 120 (22): 10618–23. Bibcode:2004JChPh.12010618E. doi:10.1063/1.1718250. PMID15268087.
Kaganer, M. G.; Kozheurov, V. & Levina, Zh. L. (1967). "Vessels for the storage and transport of liquid oxygen and nitrogen". Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 3 (12): 918–22. Bibcode:1967CPE.....3..918K. doi:10.1007/BF01136404. S2CID96762552.
Iancu, C. V.; Wright, E. R.; Heymann, J. B.; Jensen, G. J. (2006). "A comparison of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium as cryogens for electron cryotomography". Journal of Structural Biology. 153 (3): 231–40. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2005.12.004. PMID16427786.
Vieira, R.; C. Pham-Huu; N. Keller; M. J. Ledoux (2002). "New carbon nanofiber/graphite felt composite for use as a catalyst for hydrazine catalytic decomposition". Chemical Communications (9): 954–55. doi:10.1039/b202032g. PMID12123065.
Rahm, Martin; Dvinskikh, Sergey V.; Furó, István; Brinck, Tore (23 December 2010). "Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (5): 1145–48. doi:10.1002/anie.201007047. PMID21268214. S2CID32952729.
Hou, Y. C.; Janczuk, A.; Wang, P. G. (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 5 (6): 417–41. doi:10.2174/138161280506230110111042. PMID10390607.
Talawar, M. B.; et al. (2005). "Establishment of Process Technology for the Manufacture of Dinitrogen Pentoxide and its Utility for the Synthesis of Most Powerful Explosive of Today – CL-20". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 124 (1–3): 153–64. Bibcode:2005JHzM..124..153T. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.04.021. PMID15979786.
Nielsen, M. K.; Jørgensen, B. M. (Jun 2004). "Quantitative relationship between trimethylamine oxide aldolase activity and formaldehyde accumulation in white muscle from gadiform fish during frozen storage". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (12): 3814–22. Bibcode:2004JAFC...52.3814N. doi:10.1021/jf035169l. PMID15186102.
Eremets, M. I.; Popov, M. Y.; Trojan, I. A.; Denisov, V. N.; Boehler, R.; Hemley, R. J. (2004). "Polymerization of nitrogen in sodium azide". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 120 (22): 10618–23. Bibcode:2004JChPh.12010618E. doi:10.1063/1.1718250. PMID15268087.
Kemmochi, Y; Tsutsumi, K.; Arikawa, A.; Nakazawa, H. (2002). "Centrifugal concentrator for the substitution of nitrogen blow-down micro-concentration in dioxin/polychlorinated biphenyl sample preparation". Journal of Chromatography A. 943 (2): 295–97. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01466-2. PMID11833649.
Ahmed I; Agarwal S; Ilchyshyn A; Charles-Holmes S; Berth-Jones J (May 2001). "Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo-spray vs. cotton wool bud". Br. J. Dermatol. 144 (5): 1006–09. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04190.x. PMID11359389. S2CID221325640.
Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, Mark A.; Galloway, James; Klimont, Zbigniew; Winiwarter, Wilfried (2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". Nature Geoscience. 1 (10): 636. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..636E. doi:10.1038/ngeo325. S2CID94880859.
Kaganer, M. G.; Kozheurov, V. & Levina, Zh. L. (1967). "Vessels for the storage and transport of liquid oxygen and nitrogen". Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 3 (12): 918–22. Bibcode:1967CPE.....3..918K. doi:10.1007/BF01136404. S2CID96762552.
Ahmed I; Agarwal S; Ilchyshyn A; Charles-Holmes S; Berth-Jones J (May 2001). "Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo-spray vs. cotton wool bud". Br. J. Dermatol. 144 (5): 1006–09. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04190.x. PMID11359389. S2CID221325640.
Lavoisier, Antoine with Robert Kerr, trans., Elements of Chemistry, 4th ed. (Edinburgh, Scotland: William Creech, 1799), pp. 85–86. [p. 85:] Archived 2020-08-06 at the Wayback Machine "In reflecting upon the circumstances of this experiment, we readily perceive; that the mercury, during its calcination [i.e., roasting in air], absorbs the salubrious and respirable part of the air, or, to speak more strictly, the base of this respirable part; that the remaining air is a species of mephitis [i.e., a poisonous gas emitted from the earth], incapable of supporting combustion or respiration; ... " [p. 86:] Archived 2020-08-06 at the Wayback Machine "I shall afterwards shew, that at least in our climate, the atmospheric air is composed of respirable and mephitic airs, in the proportion of 27 and 73; ... "
McKinnon, William B.; Kirk, Randolph L. (2014). "Triton". In Spohn, Tilman; Breuer, Doris; Johnson, Torrence (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Solar System (3rd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier. pp. 861–82. ISBN978-0-12-416034-7. Archived from the original on 2016-09-03. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
Levey, Christopher G. "Liquid Nitrogen Safety". Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH2N4 (two atoms N(0)) is given in Henry, Ronald A.; Finnegan, William G. (1954). "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (1): 290–291. Bibcode:1954JAChS..76..290H. doi:10.1021/ja01630a086. ISSN0002-7863.