stories 5-01.html[permanent dead link] Fairtest.org: Times on Testing "criterion referenced" tests measure students against a fixed yardstick, not against each other.
[1] NCTM: News & Media: Assessment Issues (Newsbulletin April 2004) "by definition, half of the nation's students are below grade level at any particular moment"
Volokh, Eugene (February 9, 2015). "In praise of grading on a curve". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 May 2017. Like democracy, grading on a curve may be the worst possible system — except for all the alternatives.